{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2789340855","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frym.2018.00013","title":"Is Throwing an Apple Core Out of the Car Littering?\u2014Microbial Communities in Natural Composting","display_name":"Is Throwing an Apple Core Out of the Car Littering?\u2014Microbial Communities in Natural Composting","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-03-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2789340855","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frym.2018.00013","mag":"2789340855"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/frym.2018.00013","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frym.2018.00013","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frym.2018.00013","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frym.2018.00013/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2595917421","display_name":"Frontiers for Young Minds","issn_l":"2296-6846","issn":["2296-6846"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers for Young Minds","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frym.2018.00013/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039820628","display_name":"Michaeline Albright","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4528-0312","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4528-0312"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204250578","display_name":"University of California, Irvine","ror":"https://ror.org/04gyf1771","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204250578"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michaeline B. N. Albright","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology , University of California Irvine , Irvine , CA , United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology , University of California Irvine , Irvine , CA , United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204250578"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001231740","display_name":"Jennifer B. H. Martiny","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2415-1247","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2415-1247"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204250578","display_name":"University of California, Irvine","ror":"https://ror.org/04gyf1771","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204250578"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jennifer B. H. Martiny","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology , University of California Irvine , Irvine , CA , United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology , University of California Irvine , Irvine , CA , United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204250578"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204250578"],"apc_list":{"value":0,"currency":"USD","value_usd":0},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.01738833,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11275","display_name":"Composting and Vermicomposting Techniques","score":0.6812000274658203,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1111","display_name":"Soil Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11275","display_name":"Composting and Vermicomposting Techniques","score":0.6812000274658203,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1111","display_name":"Soil Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10004","display_name":"Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics","score":0.2888000011444092,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1111","display_name":"Soil Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11791","display_name":"Microbial Community Ecology and Physiology","score":0.00570000009611249,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microbial-communities","display_name":"microbial communities","score":0.9549999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decomposition","display_name":"decomposition","score":0.8799999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/carbon-cycle","display_name":"carbon cycle","score":0.8349999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/plant-litter","display_name":"plant litter","score":0.6700000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soil-microorganisms","display_name":"soil microbes","score":0.5529999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/organic-waste","display_name":"organic waste","score":0.4950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/littering","display_name":"littering","score":0.48500001430511475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leaf-litter","display_name":"leaf litter","score":0.3089999854564667}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83082669","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39338","display_name":"Orange (colour)","level":2,"score":0.6100993752479553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124681953","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q339062","display_name":"Decomposition","level":2,"score":0.5712595582008362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140205800","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5860","display_name":"Carbon fibers","level":3,"score":0.47713589668273926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2164484","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5170150","display_name":"Core (optical fiber)","level":2,"score":0.47350460290908813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776608160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4785462","display_name":"Natural (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.44746360182762146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.4220021069049835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548081761","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180388","display_name":"Waste management","level":1,"score":0.3388110399246216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.27380603551864624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.2577986717224121},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2523941397666931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.17190995812416077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.16250887513160706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.1594603955745697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31903555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1637030","display_name":"Food science","level":1,"score":0.1366364061832428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.13367542624473572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.06241932511329651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104779481","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50707","display_name":"Composite number","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3389/frym.2018.00013","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frym.2018.00013","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frym.2018.00013","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frym.2018.00013/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2595917421","display_name":"Frontiers for Young Minds","issn_l":"2296-6846","issn":["2296-6846"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers for Young Minds","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/frym.2018.00013","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frym.2018.00013","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frym.2018.00013","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frym.2018.00013/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2595917421","display_name":"Frontiers for Young Minds","issn_l":"2296-6846","issn":["2296-6846"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers for Young Minds","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"display_name":"Responsible consumption and production","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/12"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"score":0.5799999833106995,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy","ror":"https://ror.org/01bj3aw27"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2789340855.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2789340855.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":5,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1970458175","https://openalex.org/W2054974228","https://openalex.org/W2112993182","https://openalex.org/W2123529603","https://openalex.org/W2145336165"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2750650774","https://openalex.org/W2992163415","https://openalex.org/W2496133747","https://openalex.org/W2061548706","https://openalex.org/W4242085675","https://openalex.org/W2370046686","https://openalex.org/W3089051975","https://openalex.org/W2330557927","https://openalex.org/W3181188404","https://openalex.org/W2268252167"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Have":[0],"you":[1,108,118],"ever":[2],"thrown":[3],"an":[4,8],"apple":[5,115],"core":[6,116],"or":[7,121],"orange":[9,48],"peel":[10],"out":[11],"of":[12,38,43,58,71,83,96,124],"the":[13,25,29,41,44,84,114,127,132,139],"car":[14],"window?":[15],"Is":[16,27],"this":[17],"littering?":[18],"What":[19],"happens":[20],"if":[21,32],"it":[22,28,33],"lands":[23,34],"on":[24,40,105,126],"pavement?":[26],"same":[30],"as":[31],"in":[35,73],"a":[36,74,80,122],"patch":[37],"soil":[39],"side":[42],"road?":[45],"Apple":[46],"cores,":[47],"peels,":[49],"leaves,":[50],"and":[51],"other":[52],"plant":[53],"materials":[54],"are":[55],"made":[56],"up":[57],"complex":[59],"carbon":[60,72,85,140],"compounds,":[61],"which":[62],"get":[63],"broken":[64],"down":[65],"over":[66],"time":[67],"into":[68],"simpler":[69],"forms":[70],"process":[75],"called":[76],"decomposition.":[77],"Decomposition":[78],"is":[79,89,138],"key":[81],"part":[82],"cycle.":[86],"And":[87,136],"decomposition":[88],"largely":[90],"done":[91],"by":[92],"microbial":[93],"communities,":[94],"groups":[95],"tiny":[97],"living":[98],"organisms,":[99],"invisible":[100,111],"cities":[101],"that":[102,117],"live":[103],"everywhere":[104],"Earth.":[106],"Can":[107],"imagine":[109],"these":[110],"cities,":[112],"eating":[113],"threw":[119],"away":[120],"pile":[123],"leaves":[125],"ground?":[128],"How":[129],"quickly":[130],"do":[131],"dead":[133],"plants":[134],"decompose?":[135],"where":[137],"going?":[141]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-19T09:35:57.686232","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
