{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2787260972","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/particles1010005","title":"Scalar Fields as Sources for Wormholes and Regular Black Holes","display_name":"Scalar Fields as Sources for Wormholes and Regular Black Holes","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-03-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2787260972","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/particles1010005","mag":"2787260972"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/particles1010005","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/particles1010005","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/particles1010005","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2571-712X/1/1/5/pdf?version=1532081642","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210217548","display_name":"Particles","issn_l":"2571-712X","issn":["2571-712X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Particles","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","datacite","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2571-712X/1/1/5/pdf?version=1532081642","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Kirill Bronnikov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9392-7558","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9392-7558"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126527374","display_name":"Peoples' Friendship University of Russia","ror":"https://ror.org/02dn9h927","country_code":"RU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126527374"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210144836","display_name":"All-Russian research Institute of metrological service","ror":"https://ror.org/03ekph544","country_code":"RU","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210144836","https://openalex.org/I4405257749"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I887846188","display_name":"National Research Nuclear University MEPhI","ror":"https://ror.org/04w8z7f34","country_code":"RU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I887846188"]}],"countries":["RU"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kirill Bronnikov","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Gravitation and Cosmology, Peoples\u2019 Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), ul. Miklukho-Maklaya 6, Moscow 117198, Russia","National Research Nuclear University \u201cMEPhI\u201d, Kashirskoe sh. 31, Moscow 115409, Russia","Russian Research Institute for Metrological Service (VNIIMS), Ozyornaya ul. 46, Moscow 119361, Russia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9392-7558","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Gravitation and Cosmology, Peoples\u2019 Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), ul. Miklukho-Maklaya 6, Moscow 117198, Russia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126527374"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Research Nuclear University \u201cMEPhI\u201d, Kashirskoe sh. 31, Moscow 115409, Russia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I887846188"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Russian Research Institute for Metrological Service (VNIIMS), Ozyornaya ul. 46, Moscow 119361, Russia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210144836"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126527374","https://openalex.org/I4210144836","https://openalex.org/I887846188"],"apc_list":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1930},"apc_paid":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1930},"fwci":4.3623,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":77,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94582647,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"1","issue":"1","first_page":"56","last_page":"81"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10025","display_name":"Black Holes and Theoretical Physics","score":0.5922999978065491,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3106","display_name":"Nuclear and High Energy Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10025","display_name":"Black Holes and Theoretical Physics","score":0.5922999978065491,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3106","display_name":"Nuclear and High Energy Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10095","display_name":"Cosmology and Gravitation Theories","score":0.36910000443458557,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11960","display_name":"Relativity and Gravitational Theory","score":0.007400000002235174,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wormholes","display_name":"wormholes","score":0.7549999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regular-black-holes","display_name":"regular black holes","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalar-field","display_name":"scalar field","score":0.7490000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ghost-scalar-field","display_name":"ghost scalar field","score":0.628000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/negative-kinetic-energy","display_name":"negative kinetic energy","score":0.8550000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/no-hair-theorem","display_name":"no-hair theorem","score":0.7070000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perturbation-stability","display_name":"perturbation stability","score":0.7450000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/effective-potential","display_name":"effective potential","score":0.8629999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/darboux-transformation","display_name":"Darboux transformation","score":0.9800000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anisotropic-materials","display_name":"anisotropic materials","score":0.7429999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spherically-symmetric-solutions","display_name":"spherically symmetric solutions","score":0.6919999718666077}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29013271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7544","display_name":"Wormhole","level":2,"score":0.920199990272522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.7943000197410583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110521144","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193460","display_name":"Scalar field","level":2,"score":0.7738000154495239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147452769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11452","display_name":"General relativity","level":2,"score":0.5950999855995178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57691317","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1289248","display_name":"Scalar (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5286999940872192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149643647","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q986455","display_name":"Energy condition","level":3,"score":0.5001999735832214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50341732","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q880302","display_name":"Black hole (networking)","level":5,"score":0.4959000051021576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37914503","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q156495","display_name":"Mathematical physics","level":1,"score":0.4950999915599823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33332235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18362","display_name":"Theoretical physics","level":1,"score":0.4081000089645386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96442724","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q242188","display_name":"Invertible matrix","level":2,"score":0.4018999934196472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31836371","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1856609","display_name":"Scalar potential","level":2,"score":0.3935000002384186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26405456","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q338","display_name":"Cosmology","level":2,"score":0.383899986743927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74650414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11397","display_name":"Classical mechanics","level":1,"score":0.37610000371932983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779228454","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6410802","display_name":"Kinetic term","level":3,"score":0.3612000048160553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177918212","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q803623","display_name":"Perturbation (astronomy)","level":2,"score":0.3610000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51879265","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1384211","display_name":"Exotic matter","level":4,"score":0.35899999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73301696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5469984","display_name":"Formalism (music)","level":3,"score":0.3165999948978424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91188154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186247","display_name":"Vector field","level":2,"score":0.2969000041484833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12520029","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1147161","display_name":"Scalar curvature","level":3,"score":0.2915000021457672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.28679999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178635117","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q747499","display_name":"RADIUS","level":2,"score":0.27970001101493835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20892832","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3271879","display_name":"Circular symmetry","level":2,"score":0.27300000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85725439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466686","display_name":"Anisotropy","level":2,"score":0.25999999046325684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192939610","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188444","display_name":"Differential geometry","level":2,"score":0.25699999928474426}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/particles1010005","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/particles1010005","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/particles1010005","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2571-712X/1/1/5/pdf?version=1532081642","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210217548","display_name":"Particles","issn_l":"2571-712X","issn":["2571-712X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Particles","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1802.00098","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1802.00098","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1802.00098","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.1802.00098","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1802.00098","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1802.00098","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/particles1010005","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/particles1010005","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/particles1010005","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2571-712X/1/1/5/pdf?version=1532081642","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210217548","display_name":"Particles","issn_l":"2571-712X","issn":["2571-712X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Particles","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4711892333","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"5-100","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321079","funder_display_name":"Russian Foundation for Basic Research"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5164759474","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"5\u2013100","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320329913","funder_display_name":"RUDN University"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5841631312","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"16-02-00602","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321079","funder_display_name":"Russian Foundation for Basic Research"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321079","display_name":"Russian Foundation for Basic Research","ror":"https://ror.org/02mh1ke95"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320329913","display_name":"RUDN University","ror":"https://ror.org/02dn9h927"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2787260972.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2787260972.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":64,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1591157664","https://openalex.org/W1594082138","https://openalex.org/W1740869849","https://openalex.org/W1791620574","https://openalex.org/W1824779623","https://openalex.org/W1957233922","https://openalex.org/W1964942349","https://openalex.org/W1966872790","https://openalex.org/W1970740407","https://openalex.org/W1971168730","https://openalex.org/W1972468040","https://openalex.org/W1979332601","https://openalex.org/W1982582026","https://openalex.org/W1984481222","https://openalex.org/W1984882021","https://openalex.org/W1987545649","https://openalex.org/W1990678913","https://openalex.org/W1996141520","https://openalex.org/W1996528836","https://openalex.org/W1997890323","https://openalex.org/W2002365735","https://openalex.org/W2007289326","https://openalex.org/W2007476246","https://openalex.org/W2008187904","https://openalex.org/W2011606108","https://openalex.org/W2016271563","https://openalex.org/W2018982644","https://openalex.org/W2024877715","https://openalex.org/W2026339660","https://openalex.org/W2044482367","https://openalex.org/W2049195340","https://openalex.org/W2054049747","https://openalex.org/W2063960508","https://openalex.org/W2072891048","https://openalex.org/W2081472084","https://openalex.org/W2087196430","https://openalex.org/W2088095976","https://openalex.org/W2091639679","https://openalex.org/W2093737412","https://openalex.org/W2102169364","https://openalex.org/W2106642021","https://openalex.org/W2107202169","https://openalex.org/W2122393788","https://openalex.org/W2149403520","https://openalex.org/W2160775725","https://openalex.org/W2163204673","https://openalex.org/W2163780996","https://openalex.org/W2165692895","https://openalex.org/W2168163973","https://openalex.org/W2173821274","https://openalex.org/W2228631061","https://openalex.org/W2489517458","https://openalex.org/W2524668254","https://openalex.org/W2593075264","https://openalex.org/W2616073164","https://openalex.org/W2616573312","https://openalex.org/W2737864377","https://openalex.org/W2744955790","https://openalex.org/W2765885315","https://openalex.org/W2786048567","https://openalex.org/W3106500911","https://openalex.org/W4292338876","https://openalex.org/W6629542704","https://openalex.org/W6685727018"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0],"review":[1],"nonsingular":[2],"static,":[3],"spherically":[4],"symmetric":[5],"solutions":[6],"of":[7,84,106,169,210],"general":[8,76],"relativity":[9],"with":[10,30,42,100],"minimally":[11],"coupled":[12],"scalar":[13,101,107,151],"fields.":[14,102],"Considered":[15],"are":[16,78,115],"wormholes":[17,108],"and":[18,94,109,143],"regular":[19,110],"black":[20,27],"holes":[21],"(BHs)":[22],"without":[23],"a":[24,39,140,164],"center,":[25],"including":[26],"universes":[28],"(BHs":[29],"expanding":[31],"cosmology":[32],"beyond":[33],"the":[34,82,121,159,177,198],"horizon).":[35],"Such":[36],"configurations":[37],"require":[38],"\u201cghost\u201d":[40],"field":[41,152],"negative":[43,155],"kinetic":[44],"energy":[45],"K.":[46],"Ghosts":[47],"can":[48],"be":[49,201],"invisible":[50],"under":[51,112],"usual":[52],"conditions":[53],"if":[54],"K":[55],"<":[56],"0":[57,182,196],"only":[58],"in":[59],"strong-field":[60],"region":[61],"(\u201ctrapped":[62],"ghost\u201d),":[63],"or":[64,90],"they":[65],"rapidly":[66],"decay":[67],"at":[68,157,173],"large":[69],"radii.":[70],"Before":[71],"discussing":[72],"particular":[73],"examples,":[74],"some":[75,208],"results":[77],"presented,":[79],"such":[80],"as":[81],"necessity":[83],"anisotropic":[85],"matter":[86],"for":[87,98,126,207],"asymptotically":[88],"flat":[89],"AdS":[91],"wormholes,":[92],"no-hair":[93],"global":[95],"structure":[96],"theorems":[97],"BHs":[99,111],"The":[103],"stability":[104],"properties":[105],"spherical":[113],"perturbations":[114,127],"discussed.":[116],"It":[117],"is":[118,197],"stressed":[119],"that":[120],"effective":[122],"potential":[123],"V":[124,170],"eff":[125,171],"has":[128],"universal":[129],"shapes":[130],"near":[131,144],"generic":[132],"wormhole":[133],"throats":[134],"(a":[135,154],"positive":[136],"pole":[137,156],"regularizable":[138],"by":[139,203],"Darboux":[141,205],"transformation)":[142],"transition":[145],"surfaces":[146],"from":[147],"canonical":[148],"to":[149],"ghost":[150],"behavior":[153],"which":[158],"perturbation":[160],"finiteness":[161],"requirement":[162],"plays":[163],"stabilizing":[165],"role).":[166],"Positive":[167],"poles":[168],"emerging":[172],"\u201clong":[174],"throats\u201d":[175],"(with":[176],"radius":[178],"r":[179,181],"\u2248":[180],"+":[183],"const":[184],"\u00b7":[185],"x":[186,194],"2":[187],"n":[188,190],",":[189,193],">":[191],"1":[192],"=":[195],"throat)":[199],"may":[200],"regularized":[202],"repeated":[204],"transformations":[206],"values":[209],"n.":[211]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2018-02-23T00:00:00"}