{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2787073503","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1101/240267","title":"Deep learning with EEG spectrograms in rapid eye movement behavior disorder","display_name":"Deep learning with EEG spectrograms in rapid eye movement behavior disorder","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-01-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2787073503","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1101/240267","mag":"2787073503"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1101/240267","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1101/240267","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1101/240267","pdf_url":"https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2018/05/18/240267.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402567","display_name":"bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2750212522","host_organization_name":"Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2750212522"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"bioRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2018/05/18/240267.full.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048003361","display_name":"Giulio Ruffini","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3084-0177","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3084-0177"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Giulio Ruffini","raw_affiliation_strings":["Neuroelectrics Corporation, Cambridge, MA 02139"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3084-0177","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Neuroelectrics Corporation, Cambridge, MA 02139","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101898512","display_name":"David Ib\u00e1\u00f1ez-Soria","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2901-7909","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2901-7909"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210138456","display_name":"Starlab Barcelona SLU (Spain)","ror":"https://ror.org/040cxgs87","country_code":"ES","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210138456","https://openalex.org/I4405261726"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"David Iba\u00f1ez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Starlab Barcelona 08035 Barcelona, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2901-7909","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Starlab Barcelona 08035 Barcelona, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210138456"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024802542","display_name":"Marta Castellano","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-9288-6583","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0006-9288-6583"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210138456","display_name":"Starlab Barcelona SLU (Spain)","ror":"https://ror.org/040cxgs87","country_code":"ES","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210138456","https://openalex.org/I4405261726"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Marta Castellano","raw_affiliation_strings":["Starlab Barcelona 08035 Barcelona, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Starlab Barcelona 08035 Barcelona, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210138456"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047914898","display_name":"Laura Dubreuil-Vall","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9485-5004","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9485-5004"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210115950","display_name":"Cambridge Microelectronics (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/01j8bzd71","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210115950"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Laura Dubreuil","raw_affiliation_strings":["Neuroelectrics Corporation Cambridge, MA 02139"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Neuroelectrics Corporation Cambridge, MA 02139","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210115950"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5106235760","display_name":"Jean\u2010Fran\u00e7ois Gagnon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1132-0563","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1132-0563"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210141135","display_name":"H\u00f4pital du Sacr\u00e9-C\u0153ur de Montr\u00e9al","ror":"https://ror.org/03ey0g045","country_code":"CA","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210141135"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166778","display_name":"Canadian Sleep & Circadian Network","ror":"https://ror.org/05xgfr295","country_code":"CA","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210166778"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jean-Fran\u00e7ois Gagnon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine H\u00f4pital du Sacr\u00e9-C\u0153ur de Montr\u00e9al Montreal, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine H\u00f4pital du Sacr\u00e9-C\u0153ur de Montr\u00e9al Montreal, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210141135","https://openalex.org/I4210166778"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063275477","display_name":"Jacques Yves Montplaisir","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5585-9811","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5585-9811"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210141135","display_name":"H\u00f4pital du Sacr\u00e9-C\u0153ur de Montr\u00e9al","ror":"https://ror.org/03ey0g045","country_code":"CA","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210141135"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166778","display_name":"Canadian Sleep & Circadian Network","ror":"https://ror.org/05xgfr295","country_code":"CA","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210166778"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jacques Montplaisir","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine H\u00f4pital du Sacr\u00e9-C\u0153ur de Montr\u00e9al Montreal, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine H\u00f4pital du Sacr\u00e9-C\u0153ur de Montr\u00e9al Montreal, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210141135","https://openalex.org/I4210166778"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081897983","display_name":"Aureli Soria\u2010Frisch","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4704-927X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4704-927X","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8125-2925"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210138456","display_name":"Starlab Barcelona SLU (Spain)","ror":"https://ror.org/040cxgs87","country_code":"ES","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210138456","https://openalex.org/I4405261726"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Aureli Soria-Frisch","raw_affiliation_strings":["Starlab Barcelona 08035 Barcelona, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8125-2925","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Starlab Barcelona 08035 Barcelona, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210138456"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5024802542","https://openalex.org/A5047914898","https://openalex.org/A5048003361","https://openalex.org/A5063275477","https://openalex.org/A5081897983","https://openalex.org/A5101898512","https://openalex.org/A5106235760"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210115950","https://openalex.org/I4210138456","https://openalex.org/I4210141135","https://openalex.org/I4210166778"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":22,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":0.8101000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":0.8101000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10085","display_name":"Parkinson's Disease Mechanisms and Treatments","score":0.13529999554157257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2728","display_name":"Clinical Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11396","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare","score":0.005200000014156103,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3605","display_name":"Health Information Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rem-sleep-behavior-disorder","display_name":"REM sleep behavior disorder","score":0.9089999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parkinson-s-disease","display_name":"Parkinson's disease","score":0.9589999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dementia-with-lewy-bodies","display_name":"dementia with Lewy bodies","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eeg-spectrograms","display_name":"EEG spectrograms","score":0.7559999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-convolutional-neural-networks","display_name":"deep convolutional neural networks","score":0.7990000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/long-short-term-memory","display_name":"long short-term memory","score":0.7919999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gated-recurrent-unit","display_name":"gated recurrent unit","score":0.8180000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prodromal-neurodegeneration","display_name":"prodromal neurodegeneration","score":0.6110000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synucleinopathies","display_name":"synucleinopathies","score":0.9049999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biomarkers","display_name":"biomarkers","score":0.6880000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alpha-power","display_name":"alpha power","score":0.8640000224113464}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45273575","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q578970","display_name":"Spectrogram","level":2,"score":0.8281000256538391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7307999730110168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C522805319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179965","display_name":"Electroencephalography","level":2,"score":0.6972000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.6879000067710876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.6086000204086304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5555999875068665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.5400000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.4487999975681305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.4352000057697296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.3723999857902527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.3637999892234802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153050134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q760256","display_name":"Eye movement","level":2,"score":0.3555999994277954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.34709998965263367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.30070000886917114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778681526","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420647","display_name":"Electrooculography","level":3,"score":0.2842000126838684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101738243","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q786435","display_name":"Autoencoder","level":3,"score":0.2680000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2910528735","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1140331","display_name":"Prodromal Stage","level":4,"score":0.258899986743927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147168706","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1457734","display_name":"Recurrent neural network","level":3,"score":0.2540000081062317}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1101/240267","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1101/240267","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1101/240267","pdf_url":"https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2018/05/18/240267.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402567","display_name":"bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2750212522","host_organization_name":"Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2750212522"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"bioRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1101/240267","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1101/240267","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1101/240267","pdf_url":"https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2018/05/18/240267.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402567","display_name":"bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2750212522","host_organization_name":"Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2750212522"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"bioRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.9391000270843506}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2787073503.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2787073503.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1661597557","https://openalex.org/W1988949556","https://openalex.org/W2023130608","https://openalex.org/W2064432685","https://openalex.org/W2064675550","https://openalex.org/W2088633905","https://openalex.org/W2119576606","https://openalex.org/W2137028279","https://openalex.org/W2146288660","https://openalex.org/W2157331557","https://openalex.org/W2157586156","https://openalex.org/W2169393322","https://openalex.org/W2271840356","https://openalex.org/W2402144811","https://openalex.org/W2509382533","https://openalex.org/W2529700114","https://openalex.org/W2550848904","https://openalex.org/W2578667613","https://openalex.org/W2741907166","https://openalex.org/W2761893828","https://openalex.org/W2762502511","https://openalex.org/W2767433279","https://openalex.org/W2768364432","https://openalex.org/W2777172762","https://openalex.org/W2792308698","https://openalex.org/W2950635152","https://openalex.org/W3105747146","https://openalex.org/W6960089875"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4225244135","https://openalex.org/W4409534415","https://openalex.org/W7134077334","https://openalex.org/W2509382533","https://openalex.org/W7160158097","https://openalex.org/W4285109795","https://openalex.org/W4378611709","https://openalex.org/W4292121883","https://openalex.org/W3018485535","https://openalex.org/W4205283659"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"REM":[1],"Behavior":[2],"Disorder":[3],"(RBD)":[4],"is":[5],"now":[6],"recognized":[7],"as":[8,16,115],"the":[9,56,66,82,113,137,180,201,234,246,269,281],"prodromal":[10],"stage":[11],"of":[12,35,65,170,204,236,243,271,283],"\u03b1":[13],"-synucleinopathies":[14],"such":[15],"Parkinson\u2019s":[17],"disease":[18],"(PD).":[19],"In":[20,187],"this":[21],"paper,":[22],"we":[23,104,141,196],"describe":[24,87],"deep":[25,123,146,261],"learning":[26],"models":[27],"for":[28,230,268],"diagnosis/prognosis":[29],"derived":[30],"from":[31,42,191,275],"a":[32,63,89,96,192,241,265],"few":[33,53],"minutes":[34],"eyes-closed":[36],"resting":[37],"electroencephalography":[38],"data":[39,114,190],"(EEG)":[40],"collected":[41],"idiopathic":[43],"RBD":[44,67],"patients":[45,68,254],"(n=121)":[46],"and":[47,101,132,240,279],"healthy":[48],"controls":[49],"(HC,":[50],"n=91).":[51],"A":[52],"years":[54],"after":[55],"EEG":[57,109,194,272],"acquisition":[58],"(4":[59],"\u00b1":[60],"2":[61],"years),":[62],"subset":[64],"eventually":[69],"developed":[70],"either":[71],"PD":[72,251],"(n=14)":[73],"or":[74,118,160,252],"Dementia":[75],"with":[76,95],"Lewy":[77],"bodies":[78],"(DLB,":[79],"n=13),":[80],"while":[81,207],"rest":[83],"remained":[84],"idiopathic.":[85],"We":[86,111,258],"first":[88],"simple":[90],"convolutional":[91],"neural":[92,148],"network":[93,149,157],"(DCNN)":[94],"five-layer":[97],"architecture":[98],"combining":[99],"filtering":[100],"pooling,":[102],"which":[103],"train":[105],"using":[106,150,189],"stacked":[107,152],"multi-channel":[108],"spectrograms.":[110],"treat":[112],"in":[116,136,179,245,249],"audio":[117],"image":[119],"classification":[120,177,185],"problems":[121],"where":[122],"networks":[124,172,262],"have":[125],"proven":[126],"highly":[127],"successful":[128],"by":[129],"exploiting":[130],"compositional":[131],"translationally":[133],"invariant":[134],"features":[135,227],"data.":[138],"For":[139],"comparison,":[140],"study":[142,224],"an":[143,198],"even":[144,274],"simpler":[145],"recurrent":[147],"three":[151],"Long":[153],"Short":[154],"Term":[155],"Memory":[156],"(LSTM)":[158],"cells":[159],"gated-recurrent":[161],"unit":[162],"(GRU)":[163],"cells\u2014with":[164],"very":[165],"similar":[166],"results.":[167],"The":[168,212],"performance":[169],"these":[171],"typically":[173],"reaches":[174],"80%":[175],"(\u00b11%)":[176,206],"accuracy":[178],"balanced":[181],"HC":[182],"vs.":[183],"PD-outcome":[184],"problem.":[186],"particular,":[188],"single":[193],"channel":[195],"obtain":[197],"area":[199],"under":[200],"curve":[202],"(AUC)":[203],"87%":[205],"avoiding":[208],"spectral":[209],"feature":[210],"selection.":[211],"trained":[213],"classifier":[214],"can":[215],"also":[216],"be":[217],"used":[218],"to":[219,223,233,256],"generate":[220],"synthetic":[221],"spectrograms":[222],"what":[225],"spectrogram":[226],"are":[228],"relevant":[229],"classification,":[231],"pointing":[232],"presence":[235],"theta":[237],"band":[238,248],"bursts":[239],"decrease":[242],"power":[244],"alpha":[247],"future":[250],"DLB":[253],"compared":[255],"HCs.":[257],"conclude":[259],"that":[260],"may":[263],"provide":[264],"key":[266],"tool":[267],"analysis":[270],"dynamics":[273],"relatively":[276],"small":[277],"datasets":[278],"enable":[280],"delivery":[282],"new":[284],"biomarkers.":[285]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-11-09T13:22:03.289127","created_date":"2018-02-23T00:00:00"}