{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2785645041","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacr.2017.12.026","title":"Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning in Radiology: Opportunities, Challenges, Pitfalls, and Criteria for Success","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning in Radiology: Opportunities, Challenges, Pitfalls, and Criteria for Success","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-02-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2785645041","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacr.2017.12.026","mag":"2785645041","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29402533"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.jacr.2017.12.026","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacr.2017.12.026","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacr.2017.12.026","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S8481965","display_name":"Journal of the American College of Radiology","issn_l":"1546-1440","issn":["1546-1440","1558-349X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the American College of Radiology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017167212","display_name":"James H. Thrall","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5880-7622","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5880-7622"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087915","display_name":"Massachusetts General Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/002pd6e78","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087915","https://openalex.org/I48633490"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"James H. Thrall","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. Electronic address: jthrall@mgh.harvard.edu","Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. Electronic address: jthrall@mgh.harvard.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984","https://openalex.org/I4210087915"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984","https://openalex.org/I4210087915"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100331094","display_name":"Xiang Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9851-6376","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9851-6376"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087915","display_name":"Massachusetts General Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/002pd6e78","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087915","https://openalex.org/I48633490"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiang Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984","https://openalex.org/I4210087915"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058429770","display_name":"Quanzheng Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9651-5820","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9651-5820"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087915","display_name":"Massachusetts General Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/002pd6e78","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087915","https://openalex.org/I48633490"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Quanzheng Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984","https://openalex.org/I4210087915"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Cinthia Cruz","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087915","display_name":"Massachusetts General Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/002pd6e78","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087915","https://openalex.org/I48633490"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cinthia Cruz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984","https://openalex.org/I4210087915"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091480554","display_name":"Synho Do","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6211-7050","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6211-7050","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4155-5091"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087915","display_name":"Massachusetts General Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/002pd6e78","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087915","https://openalex.org/I48633490"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Synho Do","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984","https://openalex.org/I4210087915"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007809176","display_name":"Keith J. Dreyer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1207-6443","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1207-6443"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087915","display_name":"Massachusetts General Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/002pd6e78","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087915","https://openalex.org/I48633490"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Keith Dreyer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984","https://openalex.org/I4210087915"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082669859","display_name":"James A. Brink","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9982-3589","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9982-3589"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087915","display_name":"Massachusetts General Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/002pd6e78","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087915","https://openalex.org/I48633490"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"James Brink","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984","https://openalex.org/I4210087915"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5017167212"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984","https://openalex.org/I4210087915"],"apc_list":{"value":3810,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3810},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":11.3194,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":707,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98268839,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"3","first_page":"504","last_page":"508"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11636","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2718","display_name":"Health Informatics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11636","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2718","display_name":"Health Informatics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12422","display_name":"Radiomics and Machine Learning in Medical Imaging","score":0.002099999925121665,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10862","display_name":"AI in cancer detection","score":0.00039999998989515007,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence-in-radiology","display_name":"artificial intelligence in radiology","score":0.9739999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"machine learning","score":0.8130000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"deep learning","score":0.9010000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radiomics","display_name":"radiomics","score":0.7239999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/role-of-radiologists","display_name":"radiologist role","score":0.4959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence-in-clinical-practice","display_name":"clinical implementation of AI","score":0.5540000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-data-sharing","display_name":"image data sharing","score":0.7609999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nomenclature","display_name":"nomenclature","score":0.503000020980835}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7039761543273926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6949736475944519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.5927435159683228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.5337255001068115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75684735","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q858810","display_name":"Big data","level":2,"score":0.5254506468772888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.5116012692451477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31601959","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q931309","display_name":"Medical imaging","level":2,"score":0.4997580051422119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157170001","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4781507","display_name":"Applications of artificial intelligence","level":2,"score":0.4907339811325073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176553487","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7855819","display_name":"Turnaround time","level":2,"score":0.4453224539756775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.43127375841140747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.4219816327095032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.2033187448978424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000077558","descriptor_name":"Big Data","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000077558","descriptor_name":"Big Data","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000077558","descriptor_name":"Big Data","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001185","descriptor_name":"Artificial Intelligence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001185","descriptor_name":"Artificial Intelligence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001185","descriptor_name":"Artificial Intelligence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005544","descriptor_name":"Forecasting","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005544","descriptor_name":"Forecasting","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005544","descriptor_name":"Forecasting","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011871","descriptor_name":"Radiology","qualifier_ui":"Q000639","qualifier_name":"trends","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011871","descriptor_name":"Radiology","qualifier_ui":"Q000639","qualifier_name":"trends","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011871","descriptor_name":"Radiology","qualifier_ui":"Q000639","qualifier_name":"trends","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.jacr.2017.12.026","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacr.2017.12.026","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacr.2017.12.026","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S8481965","display_name":"Journal of the American College of Radiology","issn_l":"1546-1440","issn":["1546-1440","1558-349X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the American College of Radiology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:29402533","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29402533","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the American College of Radiology : JACR","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.504800021648407,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.4399999976158142,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W22040386","https://openalex.org/W948663339","https://openalex.org/W2074884761","https://openalex.org/W2083927153","https://openalex.org/W2117539524","https://openalex.org/W2168490582","https://openalex.org/W2175082661","https://openalex.org/W2322371438","https://openalex.org/W2323929895","https://openalex.org/W2517065464","https://openalex.org/W2520541801","https://openalex.org/W2525984666","https://openalex.org/W2533800772","https://openalex.org/W2561981131","https://openalex.org/W2581082771","https://openalex.org/W2592765733","https://openalex.org/W2777540129"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1992029172","https://openalex.org/W2605582854","https://openalex.org/W2909143164","https://openalex.org/W2131830066","https://openalex.org/W2291191244","https://openalex.org/W3024479225","https://openalex.org/W3171371563","https://openalex.org/W3133954817","https://openalex.org/W3003847115","https://openalex.org/W2999124437"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":35},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":72},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":117},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":98},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":125},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":114},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":70},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":60},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":16}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}