{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2785284227","doi":"https://doi.org/10.22004/ag.econ.262041","title":"Farmers' Use of Marketing and Production Contracts","display_name":"Farmers' Use of Marketing and Production Contracts","publication_year":1996,"publication_date":"1996-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2785284227","doi":"https://doi.org/10.22004/ag.econ.262041","mag":"2785284227"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:ags:uerser:262041","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/262041/files/AER-747.pdf","pdf_url":"https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/262041/files/AER-747.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"preprint"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/262041","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Farm Business Economics Branch","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Farm Business Economics Branch","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Rural Economy Division","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rural Economy Division","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Economic Research Service","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Economic Research Service","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":26,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11805","display_name":"Agricultural economics and policies","score":0.9663000106811523,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11805","display_name":"Agricultural economics and policies","score":0.9663000106811523,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11886","display_name":"Agricultural risk and resilience","score":0.006599999964237213,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1111","display_name":"Soil Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14499","display_name":"Livestock Farming and Management","score":0.006300000008195639,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1102","display_name":"Agronomy and Crop Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agricultural-contracts","display_name":"agricultural contracts","score":0.6899999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/marketing-contracts","display_name":"marketing contracts","score":0.7059999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/production-contracts","display_name":"production contracts","score":0.972000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/farm-cash-receipts","display_name":"farm cash receipts","score":0.4749999940395355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/livestock-marketing","display_name":"livestock marketing","score":0.5609999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/broiler-chickens","display_name":"broiler chickens","score":0.7120000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eggs","display_name":"eggs","score":0.9300000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/milk","display_name":"milk","score":0.9380000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/price-risk","display_name":"price risk","score":0.7250000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/production-risk","display_name":"production risk","score":0.8059999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/net-farm-income","display_name":"net farm income","score":0.6700000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/farm-debt","display_name":"farm debt","score":0.8230000138282776}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778348673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q739302","display_name":"Production (economics)","level":2,"score":0.727226197719574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.6732398867607117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.5932348966598511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.2355041205883026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139719470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680","display_name":"Macroeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:ags:uerser:262041","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/262041/files/AER-747.pdf","pdf_url":"https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/262041/files/AER-747.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"preprint"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ageconsearch.umn.edu:262041","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/262041","pdf_url":"http://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/262041","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401616","display_name":"AgEcon Search (University of Minnesota, USA)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210120349","host_organization_name":"University of Minnesota Rochester","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210120349"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/262041","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"mag:2785284227","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/262041","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null},{"id":"doi:10.22004/ag.econ.262041","doi":"https://doi.org/10.22004/ag.econ.262041","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.22004/ag.econ.262041","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401616","display_name":"AgEcon Search (University of Minnesota, USA)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210120349","host_organization_name":"University of Minnesota Rochester","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210120349"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:ageconsearch.umn.edu:262041","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/262041","pdf_url":"http://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/262041","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401616","display_name":"AgEcon Search (University of Minnesota, USA)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210120349","host_organization_name":"University of Minnesota Rochester","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210120349"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/262041","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9208999872207642,"display_name":"Zero hunger","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2"},{"score":0.7257999777793884,"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306114","display_name":"U.S. Department of Agriculture","ror":"https://ror.org/01na82s61"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332786","display_name":"Economic Research Service","ror":"https://ror.org/05ycxzd89"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2785284227.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2785284227.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3022176958","https://openalex.org/W6907489563","https://openalex.org/W2290818515","https://openalex.org/W2135793383","https://openalex.org/W2160216317","https://openalex.org/W3133894041","https://openalex.org/W3123237146","https://openalex.org/W6888711799","https://openalex.org/W7026355636","https://openalex.org/W7210026487"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Contracts":[0],"are":[1,31],"an":[2],"integral":[3],"part":[4],"of":[5,10,61,78,87],"the":[6,37,69,85,91],"production":[7,79],"and":[8,19,26,29,80,83,112],"marketing":[9],"selected":[11],"livestock":[12],"commodities,":[13],"such":[14],"as":[15,23],"broilers,":[16],"turkeys,":[17],"eggs,":[18],"milk.":[20],"Such":[21],"crops":[22],"fruit,":[24],"vegetables,":[25],"sugar":[27],"beets":[28],"cane":[30],"mostly":[32],"produced":[33],"under":[34],"contracts.":[35],"In":[36],"past,":[38],"farm":[39,48,62],"receipts":[40],"were":[41],"assumed":[42,65],"to":[43,52,66,68,100],"be":[44],"distributed":[45],"across":[46],"all":[47],"families":[49],"in":[50],"proportion":[51],"their":[53,102],"production.":[54,93],"Today,":[55],"contractors":[56],"receive":[57],"a":[58,75],"large":[59,76],"share":[60,77],"receipts,":[63],"formerly":[64],"go":[67],"operator's":[70],"family.":[71],"Contractors":[72],"typically":[73],"bear":[74],"price":[81],"risk,":[82],"earn":[84],"majority":[86],"net":[88],"income":[89],"from":[90],"commodity's":[92],"Farmers":[94],"may":[95],"benefit":[96],"by":[97],"being":[98],"able":[99],"expand":[101],"operations":[103],"more":[104],"rapidly":[105],"than":[106],"otherwise":[107],"possible--perhaps":[108],"with":[109],"less":[110],"debt":[111],"fewer":[113],"financial":[114],"risks.":[115]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-28T10:33:24.094632","created_date":"2018-02-02T00:00:00"}