{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2782596352","doi":null,"title":"Rise of the Machines Redux \u2013 Education, Technological Transition and Long-run Growth","display_name":"Rise of the Machines Redux \u2013 Education, Technological Transition and Long-run Growth","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2782596352","mag":"2782596352"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:usn:usnawp:61","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.usna.edu/EconDept/RePEc/usn/wp/usnawp61.pdf","pdf_url":"http://www.usna.edu/EconDept/RePEc/usn/wp/usnawp61.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"preprint"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101743765","display_name":"Ahmed S. Rahman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2829-0666","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2829-0666"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ahmed S. Rahman","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2829-0666","affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101743765"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10208","display_name":"Labor market dynamics and wage inequality","score":0.5687999725341797,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10208","display_name":"Labor market dynamics and wage inequality","score":0.5687999725341797,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10393","display_name":"Economic Growth and Productivity","score":0.4147999882698059,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11742","display_name":"Economic Theory and Policy","score":0.007400000002235174,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2000","display_name":"General Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automation","display_name":"automation","score":0.5730000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/technological-change","display_name":"technological change","score":0.6389999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/skill-acquisition","display_name":"skill acquisition","score":0.7720000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overlapping-generations-model","display_name":"overlapping generations model","score":0.7379999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/long-term-economic-growth","display_name":"long-run economic growth","score":0.5820000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/job-polarization","display_name":"job polarization","score":0.6510000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wage-inequality","display_name":"wage inequality","score":0.5680000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/industrialization","display_name":"industrialization","score":0.7020000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/innovation","display_name":"innovation","score":0.7080000042915344}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137996800","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q762702","display_name":"Technological change","level":2,"score":0.6798965930938721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41866144","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202398","display_name":"Industrialisation","level":2,"score":0.5939112901687622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777098202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7692324","display_name":"Technical change","level":3,"score":0.578165590763092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115901376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184199","display_name":"Automation","level":2,"score":0.5688750147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.5432823896408081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132758656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5307365","display_name":"Dreyfus model of skill acquisition","level":2,"score":0.5258669853210449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45555294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28113351","display_name":"Inequality","level":2,"score":0.4999551773071289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145236788","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28161","display_name":"Labour economics","level":1,"score":0.4933303892612457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778348673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q739302","display_name":"Production (economics)","level":2,"score":0.47610434889793396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777388388","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6821213","display_name":"Wage","level":2,"score":0.4399823248386383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74363100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q273005","display_name":"Economic system","level":1,"score":0.3476744294166565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3014255166053772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34447519","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179522","display_name":"Market economy","level":1,"score":0.276502788066864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.25735074281692505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204983608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2111958","display_name":"Productivity","level":2,"score":0.14804241061210632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139719470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680","display_name":"Macroeconomics","level":1,"score":0.1434079110622406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:usn:usnawp:61","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.usna.edu/EconDept/RePEc/usn/wp/usnawp61.pdf","pdf_url":"http://www.usna.edu/EconDept/RePEc/usn/wp/usnawp61.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"preprint"},{"id":"mag:2782596352","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://ideas.repec.org/p/usn/usnawp/61.html","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","score":0.833299994468689,"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.4156000018119812,"display_name":"Quality education"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.4000000059604645,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W177894298","https://openalex.org/W257967568","https://openalex.org/W572792576","https://openalex.org/W1492832303","https://openalex.org/W1515142069","https://openalex.org/W1600188765","https://openalex.org/W1607114424","https://openalex.org/W1631150390","https://openalex.org/W1690903693","https://openalex.org/W2004971471","https://openalex.org/W2032162151","https://openalex.org/W2042588601","https://openalex.org/W2096583272","https://openalex.org/W2098815569","https://openalex.org/W2099268311","https://openalex.org/W2106315213","https://openalex.org/W2133016081","https://openalex.org/W2134427674","https://openalex.org/W2138605289","https://openalex.org/W2138932173","https://openalex.org/W2141793766","https://openalex.org/W2142353537","https://openalex.org/W2148594562","https://openalex.org/W2163109521","https://openalex.org/W2164642877","https://openalex.org/W2281047783","https://openalex.org/W2608277682","https://openalex.org/W3021255915","https://openalex.org/W3023499496","https://openalex.org/W3121565390","https://openalex.org/W3122361158","https://openalex.org/W3123021420","https://openalex.org/W3124401164","https://openalex.org/W3124990081"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7099555765","https://openalex.org/W2604377339","https://openalex.org/W4383904216","https://openalex.org/W2931333911","https://openalex.org/W6890011617","https://openalex.org/W3125498346","https://openalex.org/W7028445483","https://openalex.org/W7124893042","https://openalex.org/W1529170008","https://openalex.org/W1534867208"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0],"develop":[1],"a":[2,87],"growth":[3],"model":[4],"with":[5],"over-lapping":[6],"generations":[7],"that":[8,19,26,54],"endogenizes":[9],"skill":[10],"acquisition":[11],"and":[12,24,84],"two":[13],"forms":[14],"of":[15,34],"technical":[16],"change,":[17],"one":[18,25],"automates":[20],"existing":[21],"production":[22,29],"processes,":[23],"invents":[27],"new":[28],"processes.":[30],"The":[31],"former":[32],"kind":[33],"technological":[35],"change":[36],"obso-":[37],"letes":[38],"certain":[39],"middle-range":[40],"skills;":[41],"the":[42,45,76],"latter":[43],"has":[44],"potential":[46],"to":[47,82],"increase":[48],"such":[49,86],"skills.":[50],"This":[51],"work":[52],"suggests":[53],"1)":[55],"early":[56],"industrialization":[57],"generates":[58],"greater":[59],"automation;":[60],"2)":[61],"employment":[62],"polarization":[63],"caused":[64],"by":[65],"automation":[66,81],"also":[67],"fosters":[68],"education":[69],"polarization,":[70],"potentially":[71],"affecting":[72],"future":[73],"growth;":[74],"3)":[75],"economy":[77],"naturally":[78],"transitions":[79],"from":[80],"innovation;":[83],"4)":[85],"transition":[88],"today":[89],"will":[90],"lessen":[91],"wage":[92],"inequality":[93],"but":[94],"may":[95],"not":[96],"bring":[97],"back":[98],"mid-skilled":[99],"jobs":[100],"as":[101],"it":[102],"had":[103],"historically.":[104]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2018-01-26T00:00:00"}