{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2781686595","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18488/journal.aefr.2018.81.38.51","title":"Performance and Profitability of Islamic Banks in Saudi Arabia: An Empirical Analysis","display_name":"Performance and Profitability of Islamic Banks in Saudi Arabia: An Empirical Analysis","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2781686595","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18488/journal.aefr.2018.81.38.51","mag":"2781686595"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.18488/journal.aefr.2018.81.38.51","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18488/journal.aefr.2018.81.38.51","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18488/journal.aefr.2018.81.38.51","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764525551","display_name":"Asian Economic and Financial Review","issn_l":"2222-6737","issn":["2222-6737","2305-2147"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","poland-20","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4361074916","host_organization_name":"Conscientia Beam","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4361074916"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Conscientia Beam"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Asian Economic and Financial Review","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.18488/journal.aefr.2018.81.38.51","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054468599","display_name":"Saima Javaid","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7961-1629","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7961-1629"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185163786","display_name":"King Abdulaziz University","ror":"https://ror.org/02ma4wv74","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185163786"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Saima Javaid","raw_affiliation_strings":["Assistant Professor of Finance, Department of Finance, Faculty of Economics and Administration, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, KSA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Assistant Professor of Finance, Department of Finance, Faculty of Economics and Administration, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, KSA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185163786"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037553248","display_name":"Suha Alalawi","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185163786","display_name":"King Abdulaziz University","ror":"https://ror.org/02ma4wv74","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185163786"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Suha Alalawi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Assistant Professor of Finance, Department of Finance, Faculty of Economics and Administration, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, KSA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Assistant Professor of Finance, Department of Finance, Faculty of Economics and Administration, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, KSA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185163786"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185163786"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":15.4453,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":57,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98704926,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":"1","first_page":"38","last_page":"51"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11365","display_name":"Islamic Finance and Banking Studies","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1402","display_name":"Accounting"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11365","display_name":"Islamic Finance and Banking Studies","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1402","display_name":"Accounting"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10127","display_name":"Banking stability, regulation, efficiency","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2003","display_name":"Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14183","display_name":"Banking Sector Performance and Management","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1402","display_name":"Accounting"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/islamic-banking","display_name":"Islamic banking","score":0.878000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bank-profitability","display_name":"bank profitability","score":0.9810000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/determinants-of-profitability","display_name":"determinants of profitability","score":0.8090000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/capital-adequacy","display_name":"capital adequacy","score":0.8159999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/financial-leverage","display_name":"leverage","score":0.6800000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/macroeconomic-factors","display_name":"macroeconomic factors","score":0.6330000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bank-competition","display_name":"bank competition","score":0.6850000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bank-diversification","display_name":"bank diversification","score":0.5559999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/saudi-arabian-banks","display_name":"Saudi Arabian banks","score":0.5139999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wto-accession","display_name":"WTO accession","score":0.6050000190734863}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129361004","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2470236","display_name":"Profitability index","level":2,"score":0.8062869310379028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6422946","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q857354","display_name":"Panel data","level":2,"score":0.633618175983429},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.5476953387260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153083717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6535263","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.5335052013397217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4445939","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q432","display_name":"Islam","level":2,"score":0.5315181016921997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16969640","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1070805","display_name":"Capital adequacy ratio","level":3,"score":0.5177675485610962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120527767","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3196867","display_name":"Debt","level":2,"score":0.4787972867488861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73283319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1416617","display_name":"Financial system","level":1,"score":0.4722408950328827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195742910","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176494","display_name":"Recession","level":2,"score":0.4257633090019226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780821815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5340806","display_name":"Portfolio","level":2,"score":0.4179858863353729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.40050068497657776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C556758197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q580018","display_name":"Monetary economics","level":1,"score":0.3992074131965637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.37016671895980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139719470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680","display_name":"Macroeconomics","level":1,"score":0.1575089395046234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181622380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26911","display_name":"Profit (economics)","level":2,"score":0.14495384693145752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.0915934145450592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27206212","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34178","display_name":"Theology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.18488/journal.aefr.2018.81.38.51","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18488/journal.aefr.2018.81.38.51","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18488/journal.aefr.2018.81.38.51","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764525551","display_name":"Asian Economic and Financial Review","issn_l":"2222-6737","issn":["2222-6737","2305-2147"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","poland-20","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4361074916","host_organization_name":"Conscientia Beam","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4361074916"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Conscientia Beam"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Asian Economic and Financial Review","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:asi:aeafrj:2018:p:38-51","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.aessweb.com/download.php?id=3974","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:asi:aeafrj:v:8:y:2018:i:1:p:38-51:id:1659","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://archive.aessweb.com/index.php/5002/article/view/1659/2426","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.18488/journal.aefr.2018.81.38.51","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18488/journal.aefr.2018.81.38.51","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18488/journal.aefr.2018.81.38.51","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764525551","display_name":"Asian Economic and Financial Review","issn_l":"2222-6737","issn":["2222-6737","2305-2147"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","poland-20","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4361074916","host_organization_name":"Conscientia Beam","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4361074916"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Conscientia Beam"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Asian Economic and Financial Review","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","score":0.7257999777793884}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4386870875","https://openalex.org/W7170056522","https://openalex.org/W273172253","https://openalex.org/W2186844699","https://openalex.org/W6893826435","https://openalex.org/W7098376425","https://openalex.org/W2992565765","https://openalex.org/W2797508924","https://openalex.org/W7220452191","https://openalex.org/W2281712458"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,216,234],"Present":[1],"study":[2,235],"examines":[3,88],"all":[4],"the":[5,11,18,38,54,68,71,75,86,89,123,126,136,141,149,152,160,196,207,212,219,245,254,259,263],"internal":[6],"and":[7,79,96,108,131,154,209,214,250,257],"external":[8],"determinants":[9],"contributing":[10],"profitability":[12,261],"of":[13,20,26,32,40,84,91,125,138,145,193],"9":[14],"Islamic":[15,115,162,172,264],"Banks":[16],"in":[17,67,113,177,191,195,206,228,252,262,266],"region":[19,39,69],"Saudi":[21,41,146,161,171,229,267],"Arabia":[22,42,230],"over":[23,70],"a":[24,30,182],"period":[25,31,37,55],"2000-2013,":[27],"that":[28,103,122,159,170,225,243],"is":[29,56,129,201,231],"14":[33],"years.":[34],"During":[35],"this":[36],"has":[43],"witnessed":[44],"structural":[45],"changes":[46,65],"as":[47],"it":[48],"enters":[49],"into":[50],"WTO":[51],"membership.":[52],"Also,":[53],"sufficient":[57],"enough":[58],"to":[59,61,181,203,210,240],"see":[60],"effects":[62],"such":[63],"major":[64],"happened":[66],"financial":[72,143],"intermediaries.":[73],"Using":[74],"unbalanced":[76],"panel":[77],"data":[78],"robust":[80],"fixed":[81],"effect":[82],"model":[83],"regressions,":[85],"paper":[87],"impact":[90],"bank":[92,104,241,248],"specific,":[93],"industry":[94,106,220],"specific":[95,221],"macro-economic":[97],"variables":[98,110],"on":[99],"profitability.":[100,117],"Results":[101],"indicate":[102,121],"characteristics,":[105,107],"macroeconomic":[109],"are":[111,164,174],"significant":[112,155],"determining":[114],"banks\u2019":[116],"Our":[118],"empirical":[119],"findings":[120,217],"coefficient":[124],"capital":[127],"adequacy":[128],"positive":[130,153],"highly":[132,232],"significant,":[133],"with":[134],"both":[135],"measures":[137],"profitability,":[139],"reflecting":[140],"sound":[142,260],"condition":[144],"banks.":[147],"On":[148],"other":[150],"hand,":[151],"leverage":[156],"ratio":[157],"implies":[158],"banks":[163,173,265],"relying":[165],"heavily":[166],"debt":[167],"financing,":[168],"suggesting":[169],"more":[175],"risky":[176],"nature,":[178],"though":[179],"profitable":[180],"certain":[183],"extent,":[184],"but":[185],"these":[186],"might":[187],"be":[188],"badly":[189],"hit":[190],"times":[192],"recession":[194],"economy.":[197],"Thus,":[198],"diversified":[199],"portfolio":[200],"necessary":[202],"maintain":[204],"stability":[205],"future":[208],"reduce":[211],"risk":[213],"uncertainty.":[215],"relating":[218],"variables,":[222],"we":[223],"find":[224],"banking":[226],"sector":[227],"competitive.":[233],"further":[236],"emphasizes":[237],"optimal":[238],"policies":[239],"management":[242],"helps":[244],"policy":[246],"makers,":[247],"managers":[249],"executives":[251],"improving":[253],"overall":[255],"efficiency":[256],"maintaining":[258],"Arabia.":[268]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-10-07T09:51:55.459714","created_date":"2018-01-12T00:00:00"}
