{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2777805366","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-46684-2_11","title":"Legal Aid and Clinical Legal Education in Europe and the USA: Are They Compatible?","display_name":"Legal Aid and Clinical Legal Education in Europe and the USA: Are They Compatible?","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-12-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2777805366","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-46684-2_11","mag":"2777805366"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-3-319-46684-2_11","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-46684-2_11","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-46684-2_11","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2F978-3-319-46684-2_11.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306463937","display_name":"Springer eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Outsourcing Legal Aid in the Nordic Welfare States","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"volume":{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4212982923","display_name":"Outsourcing Legal Aid in the Nordic Welfare States"},"type":"book-chapter","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2F978-3-319-46684-2_11.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Richard J. Wilson","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181401687","display_name":"American University","ror":"https://ror.org/052w4zt36","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181401687"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Richard J. Wilson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Washington College of Law, American University, Washington, DC, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Washington College of Law, American University, Washington, DC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181401687"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181401687"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.20977298,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"263","last_page":"285"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12755","display_name":"Legal Education and Practice Innovations","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12755","display_name":"Legal Education and Practice Innovations","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14012","display_name":"Comparative and International Law Studies","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12332","display_name":"Comparative constitutional jurisprudence studies","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/legal-aid","display_name":"legal aid","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clinical-legal-education","display_name":"clinical legal education","score":0.9819999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/right-to-counsel","display_name":"right to counsel","score":0.734000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/legal-services-corporation","display_name":"Legal Services Corporation","score":0.8840000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reagan-administration","display_name":"Reagan administration","score":0.6100000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/american-bar-association","display_name":"American Bar Association","score":0.7450000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/legal-clinics","display_name":"legal clinics","score":0.5619999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/civil-legal-aid","display_name":"civil legal aid","score":0.5920000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/poland","display_name":"Poland","score":0.6679999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/history-of-legal-aid","display_name":"history of legal aid","score":0.6759999990463257}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.6805208325386047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.6126217842102051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777351106","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q49371","display_name":"Legislation","level":2,"score":0.5468699932098389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993911517","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4116200","display_name":"Legal service","level":2,"score":0.5327038168907166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170692843","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15987302","display_name":"Legal profession","level":2,"score":0.5236582159996033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C522695570","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6517578","display_name":"Legal research","level":2,"score":0.5156087279319763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781243023","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3558349","display_name":"Presidency","level":3,"score":0.4678312838077545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C524211801","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q865436","display_name":"Legal education","level":2,"score":0.4572034478187561},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162723807","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1911852","display_name":"Legal opinion","level":5,"score":0.45274290442466736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778348171","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q167037","display_name":"Corporation","level":2,"score":0.41939643025398254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83009810","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11204","display_name":"Legislature","level":2,"score":0.41112658381462097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3116431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31728","display_name":"Public administration","level":1,"score":0.3412775993347168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149209484","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q741338","display_name":"Comparative law","level":2,"score":0.2063448429107666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75011936","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4122235","display_name":"Private law","level":3,"score":0.1136937141418457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167633797","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4922364","display_name":"Black letter law","level":4,"score":0.07976776361465454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.07687690854072571}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-3-319-46684-2_11","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-46684-2_11","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-46684-2_11","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2F978-3-319-46684-2_11.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306463937","display_name":"Springer eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Outsourcing Legal Aid in the Nordic Welfare States","raw_type":"book-chapter"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-3-319-46684-2_11","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-46684-2_11","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-46684-2_11","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2F978-3-319-46684-2_11.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306463937","display_name":"Springer eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Outsourcing Legal Aid in the Nordic Welfare States","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":1.0}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2777805366.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2777805366.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W317951017","https://openalex.org/W358383066","https://openalex.org/W416702546","https://openalex.org/W768083604","https://openalex.org/W824616920","https://openalex.org/W1544068734","https://openalex.org/W1572381970","https://openalex.org/W1579040891","https://openalex.org/W2050219051","https://openalex.org/W2081138492","https://openalex.org/W2135822102","https://openalex.org/W2203423967","https://openalex.org/W2205183626","https://openalex.org/W2258854993","https://openalex.org/W2261212326","https://openalex.org/W2293650624","https://openalex.org/W2496348909","https://openalex.org/W2605547471","https://openalex.org/W2728176892","https://openalex.org/W2765449232","https://openalex.org/W2786346299","https://openalex.org/W3011733235","https://openalex.org/W3123607408","https://openalex.org/W3124036383","https://openalex.org/W3124388408","https://openalex.org/W3163449866","https://openalex.org/W3186398497","https://openalex.org/W3186648568","https://openalex.org/W4210747632","https://openalex.org/W4234493096","https://openalex.org/W4405378597","https://openalex.org/W6614473056","https://openalex.org/W6640829284","https://openalex.org/W6989740948","https://openalex.org/W7027358619"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2766510773","https://openalex.org/W2496348909","https://openalex.org/W3036601868","https://openalex.org/W7048409017","https://openalex.org/W2476713762","https://openalex.org/W4403611868","https://openalex.org/W4232460644","https://openalex.org/W2393938450","https://openalex.org/W1919998141","https://openalex.org/W3123681559"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,16],"history":[1],"of":[2,12,108,111,126,182,212,219],"legal":[3,34,48,80,102,112,128,184,199],"aid":[4,35,200],"in":[5,20,36,56,88,117,162,179,190],"the":[6,13,28,51,86,95,109,115,127,131,136,155,160,164,180,191,210,213],"USA":[7,192],"differs":[8],"greatly":[9],"from":[10,77,124],"that":[11,98],"Nordic":[14],"countries.":[15],"right":[17],"to":[18,30,46,50,61,72,93,114,173,196],"counsel":[19],"criminal":[21,39,79],"matters":[22],"is":[23],"constitutionally":[24],"recognised,":[25],"thus":[26],"requiring":[27],"state":[29],"provide":[31,197],"funding":[32],"for":[33],"virtually":[37],"any":[38],"proceeding.":[40],"No":[41],"such":[42,220],"rule":[43],"applies,":[44],"however,":[45],"civil":[47,118,183],"services":[49,113],"poor,":[52],"which":[53,70,140,163],"were":[54],"established":[55],"1974":[57],"through":[58,201],"federal":[59],"legislation":[60],"create":[62],"a":[63,176],"national":[64],"Legal":[65],"Services":[66],"Corporation":[67],"(LSC),":[68],"and":[69,101,135,146,153],"continues":[71],"operate":[73],"today,":[74],"totally":[75],"separate":[76],"all":[78],"aid.":[81,185],"When":[82],"Ronald":[83],"Reagan":[84],"won":[85],"presidency":[87],"1980,":[89],"his":[90],"administration":[91],"attempted":[92],"abolish":[94],"LSC,":[96],"arguing":[97],"law":[99,150,169],"students":[100],"clinics":[103],"could":[104],"pick":[105],"up":[106],"much":[107,125],"burden":[110],"poor":[116],"matters.":[119],"His":[120],"efforts":[121,195],"provoked":[122],"backlash":[123],"community,":[129],"including":[130],"American":[132],"Bar":[133],"Association":[134],"growing":[137],"clinical":[138,165,206],"movement,":[139],"had":[141],"become":[142],"stronger,":[143],"more":[144,147],"independent,":[145],"supported":[148],"within":[149,167],"schools":[151,170],"before":[152],"during":[154],"1980s.":[156],"This":[157],"chapter":[158],"addresses":[159],"ways":[161],"community":[166],"US":[168],"successfully":[171],"fought":[172],"avoid":[174],"assuming":[175],"significant":[177,198],"role":[178],"provision":[181],"It":[186],"also":[187],"compares":[188],"resistance":[189],"with":[193],"European":[194],"clinics,":[202],"using":[203],"Poland\u2019s":[204],"robust":[205],"programmes,":[207],"developed":[208],"after":[209],"fall":[211],"Soviet":[214],"Union,":[215],"as":[216],"an":[217],"example":[218],"programmes.":[221]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2018-01-05T00:00:00"}
