{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2776535830","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w24165","title":"Productivity and Pay: Is the link broken?","display_name":"Productivity and Pay: Is the link broken?","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2776535830","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w24165","mag":"2776535830"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3386/w24165","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w24165","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w24165","pdf_url":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w24165","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2809516038","display_name":"National Bureau of Economic Research","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4322614461"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["National Bureau of Economic Research"],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"National Bureau of Economic Research","raw_type":"report"},"volume":null,"type":"report","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w24165","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029523150","display_name":"Anna Stansbury","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5174-8738","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5174-8738"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1321305853","display_name":"National Bureau of Economic Research","ror":"https://ror.org/04grmx538","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1321305853"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Anna Stansbury","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Economics Harvard University Littauer Center 1805 Cambridge Street Cambridge, MA 02138","Harvard Kennedy School of Government 79 JFK Street Cambridge, MA 02138 and","NATIONAL BUREAU OF ECONOMIC RESEARCH 1050 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge, MA 02138"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Economics Harvard University Littauer Center 1805 Cambridge Street Cambridge, MA 02138","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harvard Kennedy School of Government 79 JFK Street Cambridge, MA 02138 and","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"NATIONAL BUREAU OF ECONOMIC RESEARCH 1050 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge, MA 02138","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1321305853"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059478603","display_name":"Lawrence H. Summers","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1321305853","display_name":"National Bureau of Economic Research","ror":"https://ror.org/04grmx538","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1321305853"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lawrence Summers","raw_affiliation_strings":["Harvard Kennedy School of Government 79 JFK Street Cambridge , MA 02138 and","Department of Economics Harvard University Littauer Center 1805 Cambridge Street Cambridge, MA 02138","NATIONAL BUREAU OF ECONOMIC RESEARCH 1050 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge, MA 02138"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harvard Kennedy School of Government 79 JFK Street Cambridge , MA 02138 and","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Economics Harvard University Littauer Center 1805 Cambridge Street Cambridge, MA 02138","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"NATIONAL BUREAU OF ECONOMIC RESEARCH 1050 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge, MA 02138","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1321305853"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5029523150"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1321305853","https://openalex.org/I136199984"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":90,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10208","display_name":"Labor market dynamics and wage inequality","score":0.9624000191688538,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10208","display_name":"Labor market dynamics and wage inequality","score":0.9624000191688538,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11742","display_name":"Economic Theory and Policy","score":0.018200000748038292,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2000","display_name":"General Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10393","display_name":"Economic Growth and Productivity","score":0.014999999664723873,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/labor-productivity-growth","display_name":"labor productivity growth","score":0.8090000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/labor-share","display_name":"labor share","score":0.5899999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/compensation-ratio","display_name":"compensation ratio","score":0.5329999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/technological-progress","display_name":"technological progress","score":0.824999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wage-inequality","display_name":"wage inequality","score":0.37599998712539673}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778753846","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6554239","display_name":"Link (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.7730458974838257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204983608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2111958","display_name":"Productivity","level":2,"score":0.6526163816452026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.469127893447876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.4076709747314453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145236788","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28161","display_name":"Labour economics","level":1,"score":0.3757796287536621},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48824518","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q396340","display_name":"Agricultural economics","level":1,"score":0.36164698004722595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.25314760208129883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.1072303056716919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.09295392036437988}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3386/w24165","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w24165","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w24165","pdf_url":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w24165","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2809516038","display_name":"National Bureau of Economic Research","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4322614461"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["National Bureau of Economic Research"],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"National Bureau of Economic Research","raw_type":"report"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3386/w24165","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w24165","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w24165","pdf_url":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w24165","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2809516038","display_name":"National Bureau of Economic Research","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4322614461"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["National Bureau of Economic Research"],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"National Bureau of Economic Research","raw_type":"report"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","score":0.9211000204086304}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2776535830.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2776535830.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":94,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W97368249","https://openalex.org/W117163925","https://openalex.org/W1488085759","https://openalex.org/W1508259434","https://openalex.org/W1514149482","https://openalex.org/W1515906603","https://openalex.org/W1522163399","https://openalex.org/W1530473831","https://openalex.org/W1534007979","https://openalex.org/W1544444252","https://openalex.org/W1548087870","https://openalex.org/W1570590113","https://openalex.org/W1636592741","https://openalex.org/W1963965317","https://openalex.org/W1976452341","https://openalex.org/W1979067658","https://openalex.org/W1991260402","https://openalex.org/W1992726449","https://openalex.org/W2009871550","https://openalex.org/W2046751548","https://openalex.org/W2048593579","https://openalex.org/W2050148376","https://openalex.org/W2070188174","https://openalex.org/W2097916756","https://openalex.org/W2102771612","https://openalex.org/W2104890410","https://openalex.org/W2107496411","https://openalex.org/W2112302275","https://openalex.org/W2116028615","https://openalex.org/W2117735259","https://openalex.org/W2120377240","https://openalex.org/W2138992063","https://openalex.org/W2142655548","https://openalex.org/W2142813027","https://openalex.org/W2145873635","https://openalex.org/W2150691014","https://openalex.org/W2152663486","https://openalex.org/W2153706962","https://openalex.org/W2155379226","https://openalex.org/W2161041152","https://openalex.org/W2168835874","https://openalex.org/W2271587261","https://openalex.org/W2273096424","https://openalex.org/W2298607527","https://openalex.org/W2303461539","https://openalex.org/W2326084044","https://openalex.org/W2590199799","https://openalex.org/W2592090835","https://openalex.org/W2592311780","https://openalex.org/W2593097047","https://openalex.org/W2604700450","https://openalex.org/W2605434877","https://openalex.org/W2610309200","https://openalex.org/W2729954150","https://openalex.org/W2734425776","https://openalex.org/W2751975799","https://openalex.org/W2752384816","https://openalex.org/W2759101936","https://openalex.org/W2768216148","https://openalex.org/W2769157480","https://openalex.org/W2885163771","https://openalex.org/W2890673083","https://openalex.org/W2891440059","https://openalex.org/W2891831473","https://openalex.org/W2892242185","https://openalex.org/W2943899430","https://openalex.org/W3005839772","https://openalex.org/W3016061050","https://openalex.org/W3021592922","https://openalex.org/W3021644002","https://openalex.org/W3121382337","https://openalex.org/W3121386499","https://openalex.org/W3121568193","https://openalex.org/W3121850206","https://openalex.org/W3122373805","https://openalex.org/W3123432167","https://openalex.org/W3124074988","https://openalex.org/W3124173587","https://openalex.org/W3124777340","https://openalex.org/W3125444036","https://openalex.org/W3125593470","https://openalex.org/W3125609838","https://openalex.org/W3126133952","https://openalex.org/W3149906479","https://openalex.org/W4244226236","https://openalex.org/W4249404015","https://openalex.org/W4297897894","https://openalex.org/W4321997334","https://openalex.org/W6603920234","https://openalex.org/W6676289534","https://openalex.org/W6677961041","https://openalex.org/W6680142871","https://openalex.org/W6737280808","https://openalex.org/W6753340563"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W579972959","https://openalex.org/W2898861787","https://openalex.org/W4404519567","https://openalex.org/W2152663486","https://openalex.org/W4386951072","https://openalex.org/W3119539631","https://openalex.org/W4200558597","https://openalex.org/W7110666247","https://openalex.org/W2977554646","https://openalex.org/W6885069943"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Since":[0],"1973":[1],"median":[2,83],"compensation":[3,13,35,48,86,97,113,171],"has":[4,14,73,118],"diverged":[5],"starkly":[6],"from":[7,19],"average":[8,12,45,85],"labor":[9,20,167],"productivity.Since":[10],"2000,":[11],"also":[15],"begun":[16],"to":[17,24,27,78,91,105,110,121,175],"diverge":[18],"productivity.These":[21],"divergences":[22],"lead":[23],"the":[25,126,129,166,184],"question:":[26],"what":[28],"extent":[29],"does":[30],"productivity":[31,51,62,71,106,116,144,163],"growth":[32,36,49,52,72,87,117,145,164],"translate":[33],"into":[34],"for":[37,179],"typical":[38,112],"American":[39],"workers?We":[40],"investigate":[41],"this,":[42],"regressing":[43],"median,":[44],"and":[46,63,84,88,165],"production/nonsupervisory":[47,96],"on":[50,133],"in":[53],"various":[54],"specifications.We":[55],"find":[56,157],"substantial":[57,158],"evidence":[58,159],"of":[59,125,128,142,151,160,183],"linkage":[60],"between":[61,162],"compensation:":[64],"over":[65],"1973-2016,":[66],"one":[67],"percentage":[68,80,93],"point":[69],"higher":[70,82,95,143],"been":[74,108,119],"associated":[75,148],"with":[76,89,149],"0.7":[77,92],"1":[79],"points":[81,94],"0.4":[90],"growth.These":[98],"results":[99],"suggest":[100],"that":[101],"other":[102],"factors":[103],"orthogonal":[104],"have":[107,137],"acting":[109,120],"suppress":[111],"even":[114],"as":[115],"raise":[122],"it.Several":[123],"theories":[124,136,182],"cause":[127],"productivity-compensation":[130,185],"divergence":[131],"focus":[132],"technological":[134],"progress.These":[135],"a":[138],"testable":[139],"implication:":[140],"periods":[141,150],"should":[146],"be":[147],"faster":[152],"productivity-pay":[153],"divergence.We":[154],"do":[155],"not":[156,174],"co-movement":[161],"share":[168],"or":[169],"mean/median":[170],"ratio.This":[172],"tends":[173],"provide":[176],"strong":[177],"support":[178],"pure":[180],"technology-based":[181],"divergence.":[186]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":35},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2026-10-30T12:39:25.321706","created_date":"2018-01-05T00:00:00"}