{"id":"https://openalex.org/W277174656","doi":null,"title":"The Mid-Vowels in Figures: Hard Facts.","display_name":"The Mid-Vowels in Figures: Hard Facts.","publication_year":1995,"publication_date":"1995-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W277174656","mag":"277174656"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:277174656","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ512019","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S160802874","display_name":"The French Review","issn_l":"0016-111X","issn":["0016-111X","2329-7131"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4320800621","host_organization_name":"American Association of Teachers of French","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4320800621"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Association of Teachers of French"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"\u0098The \u009cFrench review","raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057673409","display_name":"M. Landick","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Marie Landick","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5057673409"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":68,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.08666667,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"69","issue":"1","first_page":"88","last_page":"102"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11640","display_name":"Linguistic Variation and Morphology","score":0.7856000065803528,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3310","display_name":"Linguistics and Language"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11640","display_name":"Linguistic Variation and Morphology","score":0.7856000065803528,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3310","display_name":"Linguistics and Language"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10403","display_name":"Phonetics and Phonology Research","score":0.19910000264644623,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12768","display_name":"Linguistics and language evolution","score":0.0052999998442828655,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1203","display_name":"Language and Linguistics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vowel-height","display_name":"vowel height","score":0.5389999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/french-pronunciation","display_name":"French pronunciation","score":0.5320000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/language-change","display_name":"language change","score":0.7490000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/french-as-a-foreign-language-teaching","display_name":"French as a foreign language teaching","score":0.5849999785423279}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779581591","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36244","display_name":"Vowel","level":2,"score":0.8420149087905884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.7011394500732422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780844864","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184377","display_name":"Pronunciation","level":2,"score":0.608339786529541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191795146","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3878446","display_name":"Norm (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.5295848250389099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776445246","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1792644","display_name":"Style (visual arts)","level":2,"score":0.4799961745738983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45235069","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q278425","display_name":"Table (database)","level":2,"score":0.4746014475822449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.42024314403533936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15708023","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80083","display_name":"Humanities","level":1,"score":0.32529717683792114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.2321375608444214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.18020033836364746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.11152210831642151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.08819153904914856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:277174656","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ512019","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S160802874","display_name":"The French Review","issn_l":"0016-111X","issn":["0016-111X","2329-7131"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4320800621","host_organization_name":"American Association of Teachers of French","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4320800621"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Association of Teachers of French"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"\u0098The \u009cFrench review","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"score":0.75,"display_name":"Quality education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2164680507","https://openalex.org/W2150184507","https://openalex.org/W130318104","https://openalex.org/W4404487481","https://openalex.org/W7222909474","https://openalex.org/W4412467580","https://openalex.org/W1662616595","https://openalex.org/W2743394736","https://openalex.org/W2593126242","https://openalex.org/W2497018947"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"THE":[0],"ARTICLE":[1],"WHICH":[2],"FOLLOWS":[3],"outlines":[4],"briefly":[5],"two":[6,94],"surveys":[7,20,95,133],"carried":[8],"out":[9],"in":[10,14,39,72,76,110,144,183,197],"the":[111],"Paris":[12],"region":[13],"1986":[15],"and":[16,52,123,149,200,215,218,223],"1988.":[17],"While":[18,173],"outlined":[21],"below":[22],"did":[23],"include":[24],"recordings":[25],"of":[26,66,79,101,127,134,152,196,208],"more":[27],"spontaneous":[28],"speech":[29],"which":[30,56],"are":[31,45],"still":[32],"being":[33],"analyzed,":[34],"current":[36,74],"figures,":[37],"based":[38],"part":[40],"on":[41],"a":[42,135,141,164],"reading":[43],"style,":[44],"presented":[46],"for":[47],"interest":[49],"they":[50,57,84],"represent":[51],"ease":[54],"with":[55,61],"may":[58,68,176,193],"be":[59,177,194],"compared":[60],"previous":[62],"survey":[63],"results.":[64],"Teachers":[65],"French":[67,80,146],"need":[69],"to":[70,88,97],"bear":[71],"mind":[73],"trends":[75],"evolution":[78],"pronunciation":[81],"so":[82],"that":[83,169],"do":[85],"not":[86],"strive":[87],"impose":[89],"an":[90],"obsolescent":[91],"norm.":[92],"The":[93,138,158,203],"were":[96],"establish":[98],"distribution":[100],"mid-vowels":[103,139],"e":[104],"O":[105],"o":[106],"ce":[107],"3":[108],"as":[109,168],"[te]":[112],"peu":[113],"[po]":[114],"mot":[115],"[mo]":[116],"terre":[117],"[ter]":[118],"peur":[119],"[pcer]":[120],"mort":[121],"[mor]":[122],"assess":[124],"extent":[126],"linguistic":[128,199],"change":[129],"since":[130],"last":[132],"similar":[136],"type.1":[137],"occupy":[140],"special":[142],"position":[143],"vowel":[147],"system":[148,154,160,166,182],"instability":[151],"is":[155,161],"well":[156],"attested.2":[157],"four-vowel-height":[159],"moving":[162],"towards":[163],"simplified":[165],"such":[167],"described":[170],"by":[171,179],"Gadet.3":[172],"certain":[174],"usages":[175],"represented":[178],"four-vowelheight":[181],"table":[184,186],"A,":[185],"B":[187],"shows":[188],"only":[190],"oppositions":[191,210],"one":[192],"sure":[195],"all":[198],"social":[201],"contexts.":[202],"capitals":[204],"mark":[205],"result":[207],"unstable":[209],"(i.e.":[211],"those":[212],"between":[213],"/e/":[214,217],"/e/,":[216],"/e:/,":[219],"/o/":[220,222],"and/ce/,":[221],"/o/.":[224]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":47},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-28T10:33:24.094632","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}