{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2771019154","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1463922x.2017.1363314","title":"A conceptual framework of autonomous and automated agents","display_name":"A conceptual framework of autonomous and automated agents","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-11-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2771019154","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1463922x.2017.1363314","mag":"2771019154"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/1463922x.2017.1363314","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1463922x.2017.1363314","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1463922x.2017.1363314","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S158327383","display_name":"Theoretical Issues in Ergonomics Science","issn_l":"1463-922X","issn":["1463-922X","1464-536X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Theoretical Issues in Ergonomics Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075585171","display_name":"DAVID B. KABER","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3413-1503","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3413-1503"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I137902535","display_name":"North Carolina State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04tj63d06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"David B. Kaber","raw_affiliation_strings":["Edward P. Fitts Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Edward P. Fitts Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5075585171"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.6588,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":71,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96471797,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":"4","first_page":"406","last_page":"430"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10525","display_name":"Human-Automation Interaction and Safety","score":0.9779999852180481,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10525","display_name":"Human-Automation Interaction and Safety","score":0.9779999852180481,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10709","display_name":"Social Robot Interaction and HRI","score":0.009200000204145908,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13722","display_name":"Ergonomics and Human Factors","score":0.002400000113993883,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/autonomy","display_name":"autonomy","score":0.7300000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automation","display_name":"automation","score":0.9679999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human-automation-interaction","display_name":"human-automation interaction","score":0.8500000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/conceptual-framework","display_name":"conceptual framework","score":0.5289999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/levels-of-automation","display_name":"levels of automation","score":0.75},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/design-constraints","display_name":"design constraints","score":0.9200000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human-centered-design","display_name":"human-centered design","score":0.7549999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/self-government","display_name":"self-government","score":0.7250000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human-systems","display_name":"human systems","score":0.5799999833106995}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115901376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184199","display_name":"Automation","level":2,"score":0.7295029759407043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65414064","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q484105","display_name":"Autonomy","level":2,"score":0.7058693766593933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5928143858909607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5378023982048035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.4481741189956665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56739046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060","display_name":"Knowledge management","level":1,"score":0.43236038088798523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195094911","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14167904","display_name":"Process management","level":1,"score":0.4297170341014862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14224292","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13600188","display_name":"Conceptual framework","level":2,"score":0.4241969883441925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C539667460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2414942","display_name":"Management science","level":1,"score":0.41186538338661194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.37857958674430847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3283306658267975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.15652862191200256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.15525975823402405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.09562724828720093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/1463922x.2017.1363314","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1463922x.2017.1363314","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1463922x.2017.1363314","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S158327383","display_name":"Theoretical Issues in Ergonomics Science","issn_l":"1463-922X","issn":["1463-922X","1464-536X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Theoretical Issues in Ergonomics Science","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"score":0.75,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8030361217","display_name":"IDENTIFICATION OF RESEARCH ISSUES IN WORKLOAD?BASED DESIGN OF TELEOPERATOR SUPERVISORY CONTROL INTERFACES THE OBJECTIVE OF THE PROPOSED PROJECT IS TO IDENTIFY KEY RESEARCH ISSUES TOWARDS TRANSLATION OF TELEOPERATOR SUPERVISORY CONTROL INTERFACE DESIGN FROM SUBJECTIVE PRACTICE TO EVIDENCEBASED DEVELOPMENT. MORE SPECIFICALLY  THE WORK IS TO: (1) SHOW HOW CERTAIN INTERFACE DESIGN APPROACHES INFLUENCE HUMAN USER WORKLOAD OUTCOMES; (2) PROVIDE INFORMATION REGARDING THE SENSITIVITY OF WORKLOAD MEASUREMENT METHODS TO COGNITIVE DEMANDS IN USE OF SUPERVISORY CONTROL INTERFACES UNDER HYPOTHETICAL TELEOPERATION SCENARIOS; AND (3) ASSOCIATE PROTOTYPE INTERFACE WORKLOAD PREDICTIONS WITH THE USE OF SPECIFIC HUMAN FACTORSFOCUSED DESIGN APPROACHES OR GUIDELINES.","funder_award_id":"NNX16AB23A","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306101","funder_display_name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306101","display_name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/027ka1x80"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1427826850","https://openalex.org/W1480210583","https://openalex.org/W1490384990","https://openalex.org/W1531561631","https://openalex.org/W1556057683","https://openalex.org/W1586726320","https://openalex.org/W1964674573","https://openalex.org/W1977216193","https://openalex.org/W1984253710","https://openalex.org/W2002894033","https://openalex.org/W2050426605","https://openalex.org/W2075703370","https://openalex.org/W2079418061","https://openalex.org/W2091455316","https://openalex.org/W2110904981","https://openalex.org/W2123179704","https://openalex.org/W2124853884","https://openalex.org/W2127333783","https://openalex.org/W2131861022","https://openalex.org/W2135556086","https://openalex.org/W2143464505","https://openalex.org/W2153220708","https://openalex.org/W2316964395","https://openalex.org/W2397253692","https://openalex.org/W2489552702","https://openalex.org/W2574287525","https://openalex.org/W2735525694","https://openalex.org/W3042657213","https://openalex.org/W3214622009","https://openalex.org/W4243342770","https://openalex.org/W4249422971","https://openalex.org/W4302368402"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4415781182","https://openalex.org/W1493323459","https://openalex.org/W2804274226","https://openalex.org/W1779481723","https://openalex.org/W7099735758","https://openalex.org/W16082858","https://openalex.org/W2980147433","https://openalex.org/W2199999532","https://openalex.org/W2141234882","https://openalex.org/W2506626946"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Recent":[0],"human-automation":[1],"interaction":[2],"research":[3],"has":[4,12,27,46],"confused":[5],"concepts":[6,56],"of":[7,15,21,23,37,57,65,75,81,88,91,97,100,107,120,122,126,143,155,160,174,192],"automation":[8,16,58],"and":[9,11,34,45,59,83,86,158,190,194],"autonomy":[10,60,127,177],"critiqued":[13],"theories":[14],"in":[17,19,48,114,181,187,196],"human-systems":[18],"terms":[20],"aspects":[22],"autonomy.":[24,123],"This":[25],"situation":[26,41],"led":[28],"to":[29,133],"inappropriate":[30],"expectation":[31],"for":[32,138,176],"design":[33,38,92,154,159,175],"misdirected":[35],"criticism":[36],"methods.":[39],"The":[40,67],"is":[42,69,103,128,163],"not":[43],"new":[44,63],"origins":[47],"historical":[49],"human":[50],"factors":[51],"research.":[52],"I":[53],"differentiate":[54],"the":[55,115,131,147],"with":[61,118,136],"a":[62,89,134,182],"framework":[64,68],"agents.":[66],"complemented":[70],"by":[71],"observations":[72],"on":[73,105,146],"characteristics":[74],"automated":[76,144,161],"vs.":[77],"autonomous":[78,156],"systems,":[79],"identification":[80],"error":[82],"failure":[84],"modes,":[85],"formulation":[87,189],"matrix":[90],"constraints":[93],"dictating":[94],"possible":[95],"applications":[96],"each":[98],"type":[99],"agent.":[101],"Discussion":[102],"provided":[104],"levels":[106],"automation,":[108],"which":[109],"have":[110],"also":[111],"been":[112],"criticized":[113],"literature,":[116],"along":[117],"coverage":[119],"types":[121],"A":[124],"definition":[125],"mutated":[129],"throughout":[130],"paper":[132],"form":[135],"utility":[137],"engineering.":[139],"In":[140],"general,":[141],"demands":[142],"agents":[145,157],"human-task-environment":[148],"system":[149],"should":[150],"be":[151],"absent":[152],"from":[153],"systems":[162],"always":[164],"automation-centric":[165],"despite":[166],"best":[167],"efforts":[168],"at":[169],"human-centred":[170],"approaches.":[171],"Key":[172],"requirements":[173],"include:":[178],"agent":[179,185],"viability":[180],"target":[183],"context,":[184],"self-governance":[186],"goal":[188],"fulfilment":[191],"roles,":[193],"independence":[195],"defined":[197],"tasks":[198],"performance.":[199]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-10-12T09:40:04.860316","created_date":"2017-12-04T00:00:00"}