{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2770437751","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08913811.2017.1395223","title":"Randomized Controlled Trials: How Can We Know \u201cWhat Works\u201d?","display_name":"Randomized Controlled Trials: How Can We Know \u201cWhat Works\u201d?","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-07-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2770437751","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08913811.2017.1395223","mag":"2770437751"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/08913811.2017.1395223","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08913811.2017.1395223","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08913811.2017.1395223","pdf_url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/08913811.2017.1395223?needAccess=true","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S45217375","display_name":"Critical Review","issn_l":"0891-3811","issn":["0891-3811","1933-8007"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Critical Review","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/08913811.2017.1395223?needAccess=true","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042495671","display_name":"Nick Cowen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7039-8999","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7039-8999"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I190082696","display_name":"Durham University","ror":"https://ror.org/01v29qb04","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I190082696"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Nick Cowen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Philosophy, Durham University, 50 Old Elvet, DH1 3HN, United Kingdom,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Philosophy, Durham University, 50 Old Elvet, DH1 3HN, United Kingdom,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I190082696"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079717180","display_name":"Baljinder Virk","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I190082696","display_name":"Durham University","ror":"https://ror.org/01v29qb04","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I190082696"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Baljinder Virk","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Philosophy, Durham University, 50 Old Elvet, DH1 3HN, United Kingdom,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Philosophy, Durham University, 50 Old Elvet, DH1 3HN, United Kingdom,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I190082696"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091401991","display_name":"Stella Mascarenhas-Keyes","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I190082696","display_name":"Durham University","ror":"https://ror.org/01v29qb04","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I190082696"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Stella Mascarenhas-Keyes","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Philosophy, Durham University, 50 Old Elvet, DH1 3HN, United Kingdom,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Philosophy, Durham University, 50 Old Elvet, DH1 3HN, United Kingdom,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I190082696"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026171189","display_name":"Nancy Delaney Cartwright","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0873-6966","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0873-6966"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I190082696","display_name":"Durham University","ror":"https://ror.org/01v29qb04","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I190082696"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I57206974","display_name":"New York University","ror":"https://ror.org/0190ak572","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I57206974"]}],"countries":["GB","US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Nancy Cartwright","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Philosophy, Durham University, 50 Old Elvet, DH1 3HN, United Kingdom,","New York University School of Law, 110 West Third Street, Room 223, New York, NY, 10012,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Philosophy, Durham University, 50 Old Elvet, DH1 3HN, United Kingdom,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I190082696"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"New York University School of Law, 110 West Third Street, Room 223, New York, NY, 10012,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57206974"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5026171189","https://openalex.org/A5042495671","https://openalex.org/A5079717180","https://openalex.org/A5091401991"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I190082696","https://openalex.org/I57206974"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.6148,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":33,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93149181,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"29","issue":"3","first_page":"265","last_page":"292"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12010","display_name":"Evaluation and Performance Assessment","score":0.9531000256538391,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12010","display_name":"Evaluation and Performance Assessment","score":0.9531000256538391,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10845","display_name":"Advanced Causal Inference Techniques","score":0.02710000053048134,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10629","display_name":"Health Policy Implementation Science","score":0.006399999838322401,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3600","display_name":"General Health Professions"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/randomized-controlled-trials","display_name":"randomized controlled trials","score":0.8759999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/evidence-based-policy","display_name":"evidence-based policy","score":0.972000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/policy-evaluation","display_name":"policy evaluation","score":0.5960000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability-of-evidence","display_name":"reliability of evidence","score":0.6019999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/teacher-perceptions","display_name":"teacher perceptions","score":0.6769999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/policymakers","display_name":"policy makers","score":0.8339999914169312}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781354396","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840407","display_name":"Enthusiasm","level":2,"score":0.8645122051239014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777503682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5418327","display_name":"Evidence-based policy","level":3,"score":0.5042046308517456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168563851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1436668","display_name":"Randomized controlled trial","level":2,"score":0.4433172941207886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.4304267168045044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.36045804619789124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.35561037063598633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.3342107832431793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118084267","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26110","display_name":"Positive economics","level":1,"score":0.33326542377471924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100001284","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2248246","display_name":"Public economics","level":1,"score":0.32245683670043945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.29453253746032715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.19598016142845154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.07432535290718079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204787440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504","display_name":"Alternative medicine","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141071460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40821","display_name":"Surgery","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":9,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/08913811.2017.1395223","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08913811.2017.1395223","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08913811.2017.1395223","pdf_url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/08913811.2017.1395223?needAccess=true","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S45217375","display_name":"Critical Review","issn_l":"0891-3811","issn":["0891-3811","1933-8007"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Critical Review","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.lincoln.ac.uk:36230","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://eprints.lincoln.ac.uk/id/eprint/36230/1/Randomized%20Controlled%20Trials%20How%20Can%20We%20Know%20What%20Works.pdf","pdf_url":"http://eprints.lincoln.ac.uk/id/eprint/36230/1/Randomized%20Controlled%20Trials%20How%20Can%20We%20Know%20What%20Works.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196275","display_name":"Lincoln Repository (University of Lincoln)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I51532219","host_organization_name":"University of Lincoln","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51532219"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dro.dur.ac.uk.OAI2:23312","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dro.dur.ac.uk/23312/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400188","display_name":"Durham Research Online (Durham University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I190082696","host_organization_name":"Durham University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I190082696"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Critical review, 2017, Vol.29(3), pp.265-292 [Peer Reviewed Journal]","raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:durham-repository.worktribe.com:1373188","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://durham-repository.worktribe.com/file/1373188/1/Accepted%20Journal%20Article","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400188","display_name":"Durham Research Online (Durham University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I190082696","host_organization_name":"Durham University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I190082696"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:https://durham-repository.worktribe.com/:1373188","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://durham-repository.worktribe.com/output/1373188","pdf_url":"https://durham-repository.worktribe.com/file/1373188/1/Accepted%20Journal%20Article","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400188","display_name":"Durham Research Online (Durham University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I190082696","host_organization_name":"Durham University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I190082696"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:philpapers.org/rec/COWRCT","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://philpapers.org/rec/COWRCT","pdf_url":"https://philpapers.org/archive/COWRCT.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402130","display_name":"PhilPapers (PhilPapers Foundation)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"mag:3124724100","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/Delivery.cfm/SSRN_ID3063541_code1505154.pdf?abstractid=3063541&mirid=1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172589","display_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","issn_l":"1556-5068","issn":["1556-5068"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1318003438","host_organization_name":"RELX Group (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1318003438"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:figshare.com:article/24376864","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Randomized_Controlled_Trials_How_Can_We_Know_What_Works_/24376864","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196282","display_name":"Figshare","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210132348","host_organization_name":"Figshare (United Kingdom)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132348"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:philarchive.org/rec/COWRCT","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://philarchive.org/rec/COWRCT","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402130","display_name":"PhilPapers (PhilPapers Foundation)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/08913811.2017.1395223","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08913811.2017.1395223","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08913811.2017.1395223","pdf_url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/08913811.2017.1395223?needAccess=true","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S45217375","display_name":"Critical Review","issn_l":"0891-3811","issn":["0891-3811","1933-8007"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Critical Review","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1457238114","display_name":"New Methods for Molding Models to Specific Cases to Enhance Policy Predictions","funder_award_id":"1632471","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7180590748","display_name":"Kings College London ESRC Doctoral Training Centre DTG 2011","funder_award_id":"ES/J500057/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334630","funder_display_name":"Economic and Social Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334630","display_name":"Economic and Social Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/03n0ht308"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2770437751.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2770437751.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":59,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W25582926","https://openalex.org/W46673798","https://openalex.org/W163214114","https://openalex.org/W403156549","https://openalex.org/W566179327","https://openalex.org/W1481908410","https://openalex.org/W1522024619","https://openalex.org/W1537333365","https://openalex.org/W1547927560","https://openalex.org/W1549788644","https://openalex.org/W1824499006","https://openalex.org/W1854345803","https://openalex.org/W1916308616","https://openalex.org/W1917267818","https://openalex.org/W1967555382","https://openalex.org/W1972283429","https://openalex.org/W1995225970","https://openalex.org/W1999028743","https://openalex.org/W2014287615","https://openalex.org/W2016701774","https://openalex.org/W2034285001","https://openalex.org/W2034737563","https://openalex.org/W2035589010","https://openalex.org/W2056304393","https://openalex.org/W2065414332","https://openalex.org/W2075692473","https://openalex.org/W2077667767","https://openalex.org/W2087365103","https://openalex.org/W2103181252","https://openalex.org/W2130566074","https://openalex.org/W2132897063","https://openalex.org/W2140819703","https://openalex.org/W2143474346","https://openalex.org/W2148463528","https://openalex.org/W2148701620","https://openalex.org/W2150514798","https://openalex.org/W2156116585","https://openalex.org/W2157669419","https://openalex.org/W2163565119","https://openalex.org/W2169029212","https://openalex.org/W2302305491","https://openalex.org/W2343775719","https://openalex.org/W2410977757","https://openalex.org/W2515189678","https://openalex.org/W2551858847","https://openalex.org/W2565451757","https://openalex.org/W2573392989","https://openalex.org/W2611153745","https://openalex.org/W2616135828","https://openalex.org/W2752099845","https://openalex.org/W3022903699","https://openalex.org/W3023695158","https://openalex.org/W3087789002","https://openalex.org/W4210352594","https://openalex.org/W4244264143","https://openalex.org/W4251822993","https://openalex.org/W4252738080","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4386771575"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1995225970","https://openalex.org/W3035895279","https://openalex.org/W3199853157","https://openalex.org/W3207972304","https://openalex.org/W2948742135","https://openalex.org/W767859401","https://openalex.org/W2947225425","https://openalex.org/W2103125940","https://openalex.org/W1966536507","https://openalex.org/W2099303907"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"\u201cEvidence-based\u201d":[0],"methods,":[1],"which":[2],"most":[3],"prominently":[4],"include":[5],"randomized":[6],"controlled":[7],"trials,":[8],"have":[9],"gained":[10],"increasing":[11],"purchase":[12],"as":[13],"the":[14,19,25,33,80,87],"\u201cgold":[15],"standard\u201d":[16],"for":[17,27],"assessing":[18],"effect":[20],"of":[21,37,49,57,70],"public":[22],"policies.":[23],"But":[24],"enthusiasm":[26],"evidence-based":[28,63,91],"research":[29],"overlooks":[30],"questions":[31],"about":[32],"reliability":[34],"and":[35,60],"applicability":[36],"experimental":[38],"findings":[39,64],"to":[40],"diverse":[41],"real-world":[42],"settings.":[43],"Perhaps":[44],"surprisingly,":[45],"a":[46,66],"qualitative":[47],"study":[48],"British":[50],"educators":[51],"suggests":[52,78],"that":[53,79],"they":[54],"are":[55],"aware":[56],"these":[58],"limitations":[59],"therefore":[61],"take":[62],"with":[65],"much":[67],"larger":[68],"grain":[69],"salt":[71],"than":[72,86],"do":[73],"policy":[74,92],"makers.":[75],"Their":[76],"experience":[77],"real":[81],"world":[82,88],"is":[83],"more":[84],"heterogeneous":[85],"imagined":[89],"by":[90],"enthusiasts.":[93]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-02T09:45:03.842371","created_date":"2017-12-04T00:00:00"}
