{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2765713136","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4314/as.v15i3.1","title":"The effect of the European union (MPP6) infrastructural development on the productivity of food crop farmers and development of rural areas in Imo state","display_name":"The effect of the European union (MPP6) infrastructural development on the productivity of food crop farmers and development of rural areas in Imo state","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-10-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2765713136","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4314/as.v15i3.1","mag":"2765713136"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.4314/as.v15i3.1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4314/as.v15i3.1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4314/as.v15i3.1","pdf_url":"https://www.ajol.info/index.php/as/article/download/162234/151744","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5406946491","display_name":"Agro-Science","issn_l":"1119-7455","issn":["1119-7455"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310321518","host_organization_name":"African Journals OnLine","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310321518"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["African Journals OnLine"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Agro-Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://www.ajol.info/index.php/as/article/download/162234/151744","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049419579","display_name":"Ifeyinwa Josephine Uhuegbulem","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16443873","display_name":"Federal University of Technology Owerri","ror":"https://ror.org/05xzf9508","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16443873"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"I.J. Uhuegbulem","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Agricultural Economics , Federal University of Technology , P.M.B. 1526 , Owerri , Imo State , Nigeria","Department of Agricultural Economics, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 1526, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Agricultural Economics , Federal University of Technology , P.M.B. 1526 , Owerri , Imo State , Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16443873"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Agricultural Economics, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 1526, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16443873"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111560558","display_name":"N.N.O. Oguoma","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"N.N.O. Oguoma","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000112012","display_name":"S.U.O. Onyeagocha","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S.U.O. Onyeagocha","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111768157","display_name":"N. C. Ehirim","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"N.C. Ehirim","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052847726","display_name":"A. Henri\u2013Ukoha","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16443873","display_name":"Federal University of Technology Owerri","ror":"https://ror.org/05xzf9508","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16443873"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"A. Henri-Ukoha","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Agricultural Economics, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 1526, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Agricultural Economics, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 1526, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16443873"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5052847726"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16443873"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.19452468,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"3","first_page":"1","last_page":"1"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10367","display_name":"Agricultural Innovations and Practices","score":0.27219998836517334,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1100","display_name":"General Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10367","display_name":"Agricultural Innovations and Practices","score":0.27219998836517334,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1100","display_name":"General Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11805","display_name":"Agricultural economics and policies","score":0.14259999990463257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13478","display_name":"Agricultural Development and Management","score":0.12729999423027039,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1100","display_name":"General Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rural-infrastructure","display_name":"rural infrastructure","score":0.9150000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agricultural-productivity","display_name":"agricultural productivity","score":0.8690000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/food-crop-farmers","display_name":"food crop farmers","score":0.9739999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rural-development","display_name":"rural development","score":0.9860000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/access-to-infrastructure","display_name":"infrastructure access","score":0.7360000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/imo-state","display_name":"Imo State","score":0.9169999957084656}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26869875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2596417","display_name":"Beneficiary","level":2,"score":0.8206478357315063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118518473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11451","display_name":"Agriculture","level":2,"score":0.6182982325553894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204983608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2111958","display_name":"Productivity","level":2,"score":0.6074675917625427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37621935","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3606845","display_name":"Agricultural science","level":1,"score":0.5503553152084351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C128383755","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3816336","display_name":"Agricultural productivity","level":3,"score":0.5191306471824646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48824518","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q396340","display_name":"Agricultural economics","level":1,"score":0.44731223583221436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778348673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q739302","display_name":"Production (economics)","level":2,"score":0.43020135164260864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39896193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380344","display_name":"Descriptive statistics","level":2,"score":0.423387736082077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2910001868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q458","display_name":"European union","level":2,"score":0.42306435108184814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147077947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1515895","display_name":"Socioeconomic status","level":3,"score":0.4204408824443817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777382242","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6017816","display_name":"Index (typography)","level":2,"score":0.4194561243057251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.40737393498420715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45355965","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1643441","display_name":"Socioeconomics","level":1,"score":0.39039117097854614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.3872632384300232},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.2990550100803375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.2415093183517456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.21126902103424072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.19113019108772278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.18283140659332275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.1356988251209259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.09704318642616272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.08002761006355286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105639569","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q582577","display_name":"Economic policy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139719470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680","display_name":"Macroeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.4314/as.v15i3.1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4314/as.v15i3.1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4314/as.v15i3.1","pdf_url":"https://www.ajol.info/index.php/as/article/download/162234/151744","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5406946491","display_name":"Agro-Science","issn_l":"1119-7455","issn":["1119-7455"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310321518","host_organization_name":"African Journals OnLine","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310321518"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["African Journals OnLine"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Agro-Science","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.4314/as.v15i3.1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4314/as.v15i3.1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4314/as.v15i3.1","pdf_url":"https://www.ajol.info/index.php/as/article/download/162234/151744","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5406946491","display_name":"Agro-Science","issn_l":"1119-7455","issn":["1119-7455"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310321518","host_organization_name":"African Journals OnLine","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310321518"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["African Journals OnLine"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Agro-Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":1.0},{"display_name":"Zero hunger","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","score":0.958299994468689},{"display_name":"No poverty","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/1","score":0.8928999900817871},{"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","score":0.833299994468689}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"display_name":"Zero hunger","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","score":0.4000000059604645}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2765713136.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2765713136.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":7,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1573135376","https://openalex.org/W2099528827","https://openalex.org/W2123007021","https://openalex.org/W2163762155","https://openalex.org/W2187546910","https://openalex.org/W2289748424","https://openalex.org/W3166834737"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2498172402","https://openalex.org/W2961132505","https://openalex.org/W3125209538","https://openalex.org/W2570014772","https://openalex.org/W2943271199","https://openalex.org/W4301210218","https://openalex.org/W2290541504","https://openalex.org/W2279025868","https://openalex.org/W3147276384","https://openalex.org/W2744886596"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,26,91,117,146,180,222],"study":[1,147],"examined":[2],"the":[3,6,12,32,38,44,48,51,54,57,67,81,87,95,100,103,106,111,122,125,155,171,184,207,211,220,226,236,243,249,255,284,296,304,307],"effect":[4],"of":[5,14,20,35,40,50,56,69,78,102,144,154,170,183,205,238,299,306],"European":[7,261,317],"Union":[8,262,318],"infrastructural":[9,41,107,119,208,229,278,315],"development":[10,19,42,305],"on":[11,53,141,235],"productivity":[13,55,297],"food":[15,59,216,239,300],"crop":[16,60,217,240,301],"farmers":[17,79,302],"and":[18,46,71,83,110,124,130,152,163,168,177,203,303],"rural":[21,58,308,311],"areas":[22],"in":[23,43,80,201,210,219,242,283,295],"Imo":[24],"State.":[25],"specific":[27],"objectives":[28],"were":[29,64,97,135,159,174],"to":[30,137,274],"describe":[31],"socioeconomic":[33],"characteristics":[34],"respondents,":[36],"determine":[37],"extent":[39],"area":[45],"ascertain":[47],"impact":[49],"scheme":[52],"farmers.":[61],"Primary":[62],"data":[63,92],"collected":[65],"with":[66,99],"aid":[68],"structured":[70],"validated":[72],"questionnaire":[73,96],"from":[74,94],"240":[75],"respondents":[76],"comprising":[77],"beneficiary":[82,123,157,244],"non-beneficiary":[84,126,172],"communities":[85,127,139,158,173,213,245,287],"using":[86],"multi-stage":[88],"sampling":[89],"technique.":[90],"retrieved":[93],"analysed":[98],"use":[101],"descriptive":[104],"statistics,":[105],"index":[108,120],"model":[109,189],"ordinary":[112,185],"least":[113,186],"squares":[114],"regression":[115,188],"model.":[116],"mean":[118],"for":[121],"was":[128,246,252],"0.84":[129],"1.01,":[131],"respectively;":[132],"these":[133],"figures":[134],"used":[136],"rank":[138],"based":[140],"their":[142,264],"level":[143,298],"development.":[145],"showed":[148,190],"that":[149,198,225,276],"18.2,":[150],"72.7":[151],"9.1%":[153],"sampled":[156],"developed,":[160],"moderately":[161,175],"developed":[162,176],"underdeveloped,":[164,178],"respectively":[165],"while":[166],"81.8":[167],"18.2%":[169],"respectively.":[179],"pooled":[181],"result":[182],"square":[187],"a":[191,199],"good":[192],"fit":[193],"at":[194,257],"p":[195,258],"<":[196],"0.05,":[197],"reduction":[200],"distance":[202],"cost":[204],"accessing":[206],"facilities":[209,230,279],"benefiting":[212],"would":[214],"increase":[215,294],"production":[218,241],"area.":[221],"null":[223],"hypothesis":[224],"EU":[227],"(MPP6)":[228,268],"has":[231],"no":[232],"significant":[233],"influence":[234],"value":[237],"rejected":[247],"as":[248,288],"F-cal":[250],"obtained":[251],"greater":[253],"than":[254],"F-tab":[256],"0.01":[259],"level.":[260],"through":[263],"Micro":[265,319],"Project":[266,320],"Programmes":[267],"should":[269],"expand":[270],"it":[271],"geographical":[272],"scope":[273],"ensure":[275],"more":[277],"are":[280],"provided":[281],"particularly":[282],"non":[285],"\u2013beneficiary":[286],"this":[289],"will":[290],"bring":[291],"about":[292],"an":[293],"areas.Key":[309],"words:":[310],"infrastructure,":[312],"agricultural":[313],"productivity,":[314],"index,":[316],"Program":[321]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-14T16:39:01.820549","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}