{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2763243235","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/lary.26910","title":"The \u00cdndice Flesch\u2010Szigriszt and Spanish Lexile Analyzer to evaluate Spanish patient education materials in otolaryngology","display_name":"The \u00cdndice Flesch\u2010Szigriszt and Spanish Lexile Analyzer to evaluate Spanish patient education materials in otolaryngology","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-10-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2763243235","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/lary.26910","mag":"2763243235","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28990667"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/lary.26910","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/lary.26910","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/lary.26910","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S86387881","display_name":"The Laryngoscope","issn_l":"0023-852X","issn":["0023-852X","1091-756X","1531-4995"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Laryngoscope","raw_type":"journal-article"},"parent_works":[],"lineage":["https://openalex.org/W2763243235"],"child_works_count":0,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063946587","display_name":"Samih J. Nassif","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9557-0302","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9557-0302"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1290900354","display_name":"Tufts Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/002hsbm82","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1290900354"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Samih J. Nassif","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery  Tufts Medical Center Boston Massachusetts"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9557-0302","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery  Tufts Medical Center Boston Massachusetts","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1290900354"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066160882","display_name":"Kevin Wong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8109-6865","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8109-6865","https://orcid.org/0009-0008-2428-637X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1286490081","display_name":"Boston Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/010b9wj87","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1286490081"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kevin Wong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery  Boston Medical Center Boston Massachusetts U.S.A"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery  Boston Medical Center Boston Massachusetts U.S.A","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1286490081"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008310375","display_name":"Jessica R. Levi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5594-9374","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5594-9374"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1286490081","display_name":"Boston Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/010b9wj87","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1286490081"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jessica R. Levi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery  Boston Medical Center Boston Massachusetts U.S.A"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery  Boston Medical Center Boston Massachusetts U.S.A","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1286490081"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5063946587"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1290900354"],"apc_list":{"value":4840,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4840},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.9015,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":18,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84773463,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"128","issue":"1","first_page":"E21","last_page":"E26"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10737","display_name":"Health Literacy and Information Accessibility","score":0.9351000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3600","display_name":"General Health Professions"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10737","display_name":"Health Literacy and Information Accessibility","score":0.9351000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3600","display_name":"General Health Professions"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13629","display_name":"Text Readability and Simplification","score":0.05770000070333481,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3310","display_name":"Linguistics and Language"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10827","display_name":"Patient-Provider Communication in Healthcare","score":0.0020000000949949026,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3600","display_name":"General Health Professions"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/readability","display_name":"readability","score":0.5979999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/otolaryngology","display_name":"otolaryngology","score":0.9049999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-literacy","display_name":"health literacy","score":0.847000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spanish-speaking-patients","display_name":"Spanish-speaking patients","score":0.652999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flesch-kincaid-grade-level","display_name":"Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level","score":0.9290000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flesch-reading-ease","display_name":"Flesch Reading Ease","score":0.8600000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/patient-education","display_name":"patient education","score":0.46700000762939453}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778143727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1820650","display_name":"Readability","level":2,"score":0.9825998544692993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108516343","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189553","display_name":"Otorhinolaryngology","level":2,"score":0.7703802585601807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554936623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199657","display_name":"Reading (process)","level":2,"score":0.6277990341186523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.6116196513175964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017523755","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18189","display_name":"Grade level","level":2,"score":0.5360487103462219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C509550671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126945","display_name":"Medical education","level":1,"score":0.4918332099914551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778843546","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3097973","display_name":"Health literacy","level":3,"score":0.485270231962204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777382242","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6017816","display_name":"Index (typography)","level":2,"score":0.4365924894809723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C512399662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3505712","display_name":"Family medicine","level":1,"score":0.373678982257843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.29145073890686035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.20170894265174866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.19697049260139465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160735492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207","display_name":"Health care","level":2,"score":0.17145425081253052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.14012882113456726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141071460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40821","display_name":"Surgery","level":1,"score":0.12495282292366028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.0910855233669281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D003430","descriptor_name":"Cross-Sectional Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006630","descriptor_name":"Hispanic or Latino","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007802","descriptor_name":"Language","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010036","descriptor_name":"Otolaryngology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010353","descriptor_name":"Patient Education as Topic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013664","descriptor_name":"Teaching Materials","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014481","descriptor_name":"United States","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015203","descriptor_name":"Reproducibility of Results","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D032882","descriptor_name":"Comprehension","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D033181","descriptor_name":"Information Dissemination","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D057220","descriptor_name":"Health Literacy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1002/lary.26910","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/lary.26910","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/lary.26910","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S86387881","display_name":"The Laryngoscope","issn_l":"0023-852X","issn":["0023-852X","1091-756X","1531-4995"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Laryngoscope","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:28990667","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28990667","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Laryngoscope","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.6240000128746033},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality education","score":0.5385000109672546}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W135978924","https://openalex.org/W638006253","https://openalex.org/W1006430460","https://openalex.org/W1524030924","https://openalex.org/W1772303380","https://openalex.org/W1989493303","https://openalex.org/W2016081270","https://openalex.org/W2066979912","https://openalex.org/W2073318726","https://openalex.org/W2094900966","https://openalex.org/W2101649450","https://openalex.org/W2120480097","https://openalex.org/W2150943872","https://openalex.org/W2156982101","https://openalex.org/W2173952790","https://openalex.org/W2324903511","https://openalex.org/W2473767411","https://openalex.org/W2508813303","https://openalex.org/W2616453881","https://openalex.org/W4237907507"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4394740929","https://openalex.org/W2927720632","https://openalex.org/W2765812367","https://openalex.org/W3150826266","https://openalex.org/W4408987911","https://openalex.org/W4401025017","https://openalex.org/W2532859353","https://openalex.org/W3177377036","https://openalex.org/W3004444118","https://openalex.org/W2891724995"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS:":[0],"Evaluate":[1],"the":[2,11,44,48,62,72,92,102,114,143,159,178,199,215,228],"reading":[3,144,175,190],"difficulty":[4,88],"of":[5,47,65,76,117,123,146,230],"Spanish":[6,17,27,42,95,164,194,204],"patient":[7,37,205],"education":[8,38,206],"materials":[9,207,232],"using":[10,91],"validated":[12],"\u00cdndice":[13],"Flesch-Szigriszt":[14],"(INFLESZ)":[15],"and":[16,20,26,67,71,83,94,113,141,180,233],"Lexile":[18,96,165],"Analyzer,":[19],"to":[21,173,193,219,226],"identify":[22],"relationships":[23],"between":[24,177],"English":[25,104,183],"readability":[28,99,184,229],"formulas.":[29],"STUDY":[30],"DESIGN:":[31],"Cross-sectional":[32],"analysis.":[33],"METHODS:":[34],"All":[35],"otolaryngology-related":[36],"articles":[39,125,134,169],"written":[40],"in":[41,158,208],"from":[43],"health":[45,235],"libraries":[46],"top":[49,57],"10":[50,58],"US":[51,73],"News":[52],"&":[53],"World":[54],"Report-ranked":[55],"hospitals,":[56],"Doximity-ranked":[59],"otolaryngology":[60,209],"residencies,":[61],"American":[63],"Academy":[64],"Otolaryngology-Head":[66],"Neck":[68],"Surgery":[69],"website,":[70],"National":[74],"Library":[75],"Medicine":[77],"online":[78],"section":[79],"on":[80,198],"ears,":[81],"nose":[82],"throat":[84],"were":[85,126],"collected.":[86],"Reading":[87,110],"was":[89,135,170],"assessed":[90],"INFLESZ":[93,130],"Analyzer.":[97],"Additional":[98],"assessments":[100],"included":[101],"traditional":[103],"tools:":[105],"Flesch-Kincaid":[106],"Grade":[107],"Level,":[108],"Flesch":[109],"Ease":[111],"Score,":[112],"Simple":[115],"Measure":[116],"Gobbledygook":[118],"score.":[119],"RESULTS:":[120],"A":[121],"total":[122],"497":[124],"reviewed.":[127],"The":[128,162],"average":[129,163,216],"score":[131],"for":[132,167,214],"all":[133,168],"57.75,":[136],"which":[137],"is":[138],"considered":[139],"normal":[140],"requires":[142],"ability":[145],"a":[147,174,187],"student":[148],"who":[149],"finished":[150],"Escuela":[151],"Secundaria":[152],"Obligatoria":[153],"or":[154],"10th":[155],"grade":[156],"equivalent":[157,172],"United":[160],"States.":[161],"measure":[166],"1062L,":[171],"level":[176,191],"6th":[179],"12th":[181],"grade.":[182],"tools":[185,195],"calculated":[186],"more":[188],"difficult":[189,213],"compared":[192],"when":[196],"performed":[197],"same":[200],"text.":[201],"CONCLUSIONS:":[202],"Current":[203],"may":[210,223],"be":[211,224],"too":[212],"Spanish-speaking":[217],"reader":[218],"understand.":[220],"Future":[221],"improvements":[222],"warranted":[225],"improve":[227],"educational":[231],"increase":[234],"literacy.":[236],"LEVEL":[237],"OF":[238],"EVIDENCE:":[239],"NA.":[240],"Laryngoscope,":[241],"128:E21-E26,":[242],"2018.":[243]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2017-10-20T00:00:00"}