{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2763034159","doi":null,"title":"Digital currencies : Threats and opportunities for monetary policy","display_name":"Digital currencies : Threats and opportunities for monetary policy","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2763034159","mag":"2763034159"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:2763034159","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:nbb:ecrart:y:2017:m:june:i:i:p:79-92","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S134988049","display_name":"Econometric Reviews","issn_l":"0747-4938","issn":["0747-4938","1532-4168"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","erih-plus","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Econometric Reviews","raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047291942","display_name":"Arnoud Stevens","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Arnoud Stevens","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5047291942"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.935,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":28,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96892581,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"79","last_page":"92"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10007","display_name":"Monetary Policy and Economic Impact","score":0.3093000054359436,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2000","display_name":"General Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10007","display_name":"Monetary Policy and Economic Impact","score":0.3093000054359436,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2000","display_name":"General Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10208","display_name":"Labor market dynamics and wage inequality","score":0.2551000118255615,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13346","display_name":"Digital Transformation in Financial Services","score":0.05689999833703041,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2000","display_name":"General Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-currency","display_name":"digital currency","score":0.9900000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/monetary-policy","display_name":"monetary policy","score":0.9300000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptocurrency","display_name":"cryptocurrency","score":0.5490000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/central-banking","display_name":"central banking","score":0.49799999594688416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/financial-stability","display_name":"financial stability","score":0.39800000190734863}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778139618","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13440398","display_name":"Workforce","level":2,"score":0.7530543804168701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183206440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46834","display_name":"Balance sheet","level":2,"score":0.6494737267494202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145236788","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28161","display_name":"Labour economics","level":1,"score":0.6264908909797668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168031717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1530280","display_name":"Balance (ability)","level":2,"score":0.620583176612854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777388388","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6821213","display_name":"Wage","level":2,"score":0.587837278842926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.5172455906867981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4249254","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3044431","display_name":"Demographic economics","level":1,"score":0.49082598090171814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.32530954480171204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.13764619827270508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.08485990762710571},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.07634663581848145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99508421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2678675","display_name":"Physical medicine and rehabilitation","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"mag:2763034159","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:nbb:ecrart:y:2017:m:june:i:i:p:79-92","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S134988049","display_name":"Econometric Reviews","issn_l":"0747-4938","issn":["0747-4938","1532-4168"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","erih-plus","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Econometric Reviews","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:nbb:ecrart:y:2017:m:june:i:i:p:79-92","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.nbb.be/en/articles/digital-currencies-threats-and-opportunities-monetary-policy","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","score":1.0,"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.7578999996185303,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/5","score":0.6025999784469604,"display_name":"Gender equality"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":6,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1480317529","https://openalex.org/W2004807609","https://openalex.org/W2009753197","https://openalex.org/W2124597406","https://openalex.org/W2153628909","https://openalex.org/W3124914565"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4310769621","https://openalex.org/W2014447362","https://openalex.org/W6981553453","https://openalex.org/W200988848","https://openalex.org/W4210584561","https://openalex.org/W2972501873","https://openalex.org/W1493895612","https://openalex.org/W6997349456","https://openalex.org/W7098580160","https://openalex.org/W2342287311"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,66,82,139,189,311,324,349,384],"article":[1],"on":[2,8,22,39,222,336],"the":[3,15,18,23,27,32,40,47,79,94,97,126,129,163,179,192,209,229,238,245,249,252,262,293,327,337,373,376,401],"social":[4,91,290],"balance":[5,100,203],"sheet":[6,204],"centres":[7],"two":[9,382,412],"main":[10],"themes":[11],":":[12],"changes":[13,124],"in":[14,31,52,88,96,105,111,118,125,166,176,207,269,274,282,287,306,319,321,326,352,361,372,386,403],"composition":[16],"of":[17,20,49,68,84,99,128,131,137,141,151,162,181,191,211,251,258,309,339,343,355,364,375,400],"volume":[19,48,83,130,180],"labour":[21,50,85,132,164,182,214],"one":[24,320],"hand,":[25],"and":[26,29,37,45,90,108,113,244,271,273,284,289,332],"level":[28,250],"movement":[30,325],"wage":[33,240,263,312,328,377,393],"gap":[34,241,264,313,329,350,378,394],"between":[35,330,380],"men":[36,302],"women":[38,169,305],"other":[41,106,275],"hand.":[42],"Between":[43],"2000":[44],"2014,":[46,208,404],"measured":[51,335],"FTEs":[53],"increased":[54,71,359],"by":[55,135,184,256],"around":[56],"193":[57],"000":[58,198],"units,":[59],"or":[60,317],"12.3":[61],"%":[62,220,308,316,354,363],"over":[63,78,345],"14":[64],"years.":[65,383],"number":[67,98],"firms":[69,199,253,385],"analysed":[70],"from":[72,233],"69":[73,307],"939":[74],"to":[75],"85":[76],"572":[77],"same":[80],"period.":[81],"expanded":[86],"considerably":[87],"health":[89,288],"work":[92],"(following":[93],"increase":[95],"sheets":[101],"submitted),":[102],"but":[103],"also":[104,122],"services,":[107,276],"more":[109,280],"moderately":[110,360],"trade":[112,270],"transport.":[114],"Conversely,":[115],"it":[116,278,358],"contracted":[117],"industry.":[119],"There":[120],"were":[121,408],"substantial":[123],"structure":[127],"broken":[133],"down":[134],"type":[136],"workers.":[138,227],"contribution":[140],"personnel":[142],"employed":[143],"as":[144,235],"clerical":[145],"staff":[146],"rose":[147],"sharply":[148],"while":[149,178,277,357],"that":[150,261],"manual":[152],"workers":[153,156,186],"declined.":[154],"Part-time":[155],"accounted":[157],"for":[158,194,215,225,301,304],"a":[159,172,201,340,346,391,397],"larger":[160,266,318],"proportion":[161],"force":[165,175],"2014.":[167],"Finally,":[168],"have":[170],"become":[171],"major":[173],"driving":[174],"activity,":[177],"represented":[183,396],"male":[185,216],"has":[187],"diminished.":[188],"study":[190],"results":[193,246],"just":[195,344],"under":[196],"2":[197],"submitting":[200],"full":[202],"shows":[205,260],"that,":[206],"cost":[210],"an":[212],"hour\u2019s":[213],"workforce":[217],"was":[218,334,368],"13.9":[219],"higher,":[221],"average,":[223],"than":[224,267,303,411],"female":[226],"However,":[228,366],"situation":[230],"is":[231,265,279,314],"far":[232],"uniform":[234],"regards":[236],"both":[237],"aggregate":[239],"per":[242],"branch":[243,257],"recorded":[247],"at":[248],"themselves.":[254],"Analysis":[255],"activity":[259],"average":[268,296],"transport":[272],"moderate":[281],"industry":[283],"slightly":[285],"negative":[286],"work.":[291],"At":[292],"business":[294],"level,":[295],"hourly":[297],"costs":[298],"are":[299],"higher":[300],"firms.":[310,323,348],"15":[315],"four":[322],"2012":[331],"2014":[333],"basis":[338],"constant":[341,388],"population":[342,389],"thousand":[347],"narrowed":[351],"57":[353],"firms,":[356],"23.5":[362],"companies.":[365],"there":[367],"only":[369],"little":[370],"change":[371],"dispersion":[374],"observations":[379],"those":[381],"this":[387],"recording":[390],"positive":[392],"still":[395],"large":[398],"share":[399],"total":[402],"even":[405],"if":[406],"they":[407],"proportionately":[409],"fewer":[410],"years":[413],"ago.":[414]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2017-10-20T00:00:00"}