{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2758974635","doi":null,"title":"Evaluation of a packaging approach to improve cholesterol medication adherence.","display_name":"Evaluation of a packaging approach to improve cholesterol medication adherence.","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2758974635","mag":"2758974635","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29087166"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmid:29087166","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29087166","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The American journal of managed care","raw_type":"Journal Article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023880478","display_name":"Hayden Barry Bosworth","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6188-9825","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6188-9825"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210139568","display_name":"Durham VA Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/034adnw64","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1322918889","https://openalex.org/I2799886695","https://openalex.org/I4210119589","https://openalex.org/I4210139568","https://openalex.org/I4210159720"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hayden B Bosworth","raw_affiliation_strings":["Durham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 411 W Chapel Hill St, Ste 600, Durham, NC 27701. E-mail: boswo001@mc.duke.edu"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Durham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 411 W Chapel Hill St, Ste 600, Durham, NC 27701. E-mail: boswo001@mc.duke.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210139568"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022767945","display_name":"Jamie N. Brown","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6839-5948","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6839-5948"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jamie N Brown","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089373128","display_name":"Susanne M. Danus","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Susanne Danus","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111950429","display_name":"Linda L Sanders","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Linda L Sanders","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073385621","display_name":"Felicia McCant","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2063-7255","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2063-7255"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Felicia McCant","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054551879","display_name":"Leah L. Zullig","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6638-409X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6638-409X"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Leah L Zullig","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083756154","display_name":"Maren K. Olsen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9540-2103","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9540-2103"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maren K Olsen","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.8085,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":17,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85292447,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"9","first_page":"e280","last_page":"e286"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11620","display_name":"Medication Adherence and Compliance","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2714","display_name":"Family Practice"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11620","display_name":"Medication Adherence and Compliance","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2714","display_name":"Family Practice"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10394","display_name":"Lipoproteins and Cardiovascular Health","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13970","display_name":"Pharmacy and Medical Practices","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3004","display_name":"Pharmacology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/30","display_name":"Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/treatment-adherence","display_name":"medication adherence","score":0.9769999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cholesterol-lowering-drugs","display_name":"cholesterol-lowering drugs","score":0.796999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statins","display_name":"statins","score":0.9110000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ldl-cholesterol","display_name":"LDL cholesterol","score":0.6470000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medication-possession-ratio","display_name":"medication possession ratio","score":0.7129999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reminders","display_name":"reminders","score":0.4410000145435333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/military-veterans","display_name":"military veterans","score":0.7160000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cardiovascular-risk-reduction","display_name":"cardiovascular risk reduction","score":0.5410000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hdl-cholesterol","display_name":"HDL cholesterol","score":0.7350000143051147}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.9250947833061218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778163477","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43656","display_name":"Cholesterol","level":2,"score":0.637866735458374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776839432","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q954845","display_name":"Statin","level":2,"score":0.595460832118988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44249647","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208498","display_name":"Confidence interval","level":2,"score":0.5756765604019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018553135","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q67004728","display_name":"Medication adherence","level":2,"score":0.48280227184295654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.4772500991821289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780665704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959298","display_name":"Intervention (counseling)","level":2,"score":0.43743085861206055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1862650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186005","display_name":"Physical therapy","level":1,"score":0.3594447374343872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159110408","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121176","display_name":"Nursing","level":1,"score":0.1487034559249878}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000099059","descriptor_name":"Assessment of Medication Adherence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004349","descriptor_name":"Drug Packaging","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004349","descriptor_name":"Drug Packaging","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004349","descriptor_name":"Drug Packaging","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006937","descriptor_name":"Hypercholesterolemia","qualifier_ui":"Q000188","qualifier_name":"drug therapy","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006937","descriptor_name":"Hypercholesterolemia","qualifier_ui":"Q000188","qualifier_name":"drug therapy","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006937","descriptor_name":"Hypercholesterolemia","qualifier_ui":"Q000188","qualifier_name":"drug therapy","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008078","descriptor_name":"Cholesterol, LDL","qualifier_ui":"Q000097","qualifier_name":"blood","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008078","descriptor_name":"Cholesterol, LDL","qualifier_ui":"Q000097","qualifier_name":"blood","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008078","descriptor_name":"Cholesterol, LDL","qualifier_ui":"Q000097","qualifier_name":"blood","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010353","descriptor_name":"Patient Education as Topic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010353","descriptor_name":"Patient Education as Topic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010353","descriptor_name":"Patient Education as Topic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016903","descriptor_name":"Drug Monitoring","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D019161","descriptor_name":"Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors","qualifier_ui":"Q000008","qualifier_name":"administration & dosage","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019161","descriptor_name":"Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors","qualifier_ui":"Q000008","qualifier_name":"administration & dosage","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019161","descriptor_name":"Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors","qualifier_ui":"Q000008","qualifier_name":"administration & dosage","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019161","descriptor_name":"Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019161","descriptor_name":"Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019161","descriptor_name":"Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D055118","descriptor_name":"Medication Adherence","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmid:29087166","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29087166","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The American journal of managed care","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"mag:2758974635","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29087166","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":1.0}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/clinical-trial","display_name":"Clinical Trial"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4249139583","https://openalex.org/W2001638271","https://openalex.org/W2967197204","https://openalex.org/W2312939727","https://openalex.org/W2032958076","https://openalex.org/W2124043370","https://openalex.org/W2075372262","https://openalex.org/W2035331946","https://openalex.org/W2955814631","https://openalex.org/W52173569"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"OBJECTIVES:":[0],"Elevated":[1],"low-density":[2],"lipoprotein":[3,137],"cholesterol":[4,39,118,131,138,143,205,217,258],"(LDL-C)":[5],"is":[6,153],"a":[7,15,29,243],"major":[8],"modifiable":[9],"risk":[10],"factor":[11],"for":[12,37,107,123,256],"cardiovascular":[13],"disease,":[14],"leading":[16],"cause":[17],"of":[18,72,150,168,184,235,245],"death":[19],"in":[20,75,102,203,212,222],"the":[21,76,151,169,185,238],"United":[22],"States.":[23],"Our":[24],"goal":[25],"was":[26,100,174],"to":[27,83,195],"evaluate":[28],"simple,":[30],"scalable,":[31],"and":[32,42,128,135,141,210,215],"affordable":[33],"medication":[34,40,74,99,119,124,132,259],"packaging":[35,91,95,105,171,251],"method":[36,255],"improving":[38,257],"adherence":[41,71,90,170,206],"subsequently":[43],"lowering":[44],"LDL-C":[45,60,134],"levels.":[46],"STUDY":[47],"DESIGN:":[48],"Mixed-method":[49],"study.":[50],"METHODS:":[51],"This":[52],"mixed-method":[53],"study":[54],"involved":[55],"US":[56,246],"military":[57],"veterans":[58],"with":[59,182,237],"levels":[61,234],"greater":[62],"than":[63,68],"130":[64],"mg/dL":[65],"and/or":[66],"less":[67],"80%":[69],"refill":[70],"cholesterol-lowering":[73],"last":[77],"12":[78,146,179,208],"months;":[79],"they":[80],"were":[81,218,226],"randomized":[82],"an":[84,89,253],"education-only":[85,186],"(control)":[86],"group":[87,96,173,187],"or":[88],"intervention":[92,152,172],"group.":[93],"Adherence":[94],"participants'":[97],"statin":[98],"provided":[101,252],"special":[103],"blister":[104,239,250],"labeled":[106],"daily":[108],"use":[109],"that":[110],"included":[111,116],"written":[112],"reminder":[113],"prompts.":[114],"Outcomes":[115],"12-month":[117,129],"possession":[120],"ratio":[121],"(MPR)":[122],"refills;":[125],"baseline,":[126],"6-,":[127],"self-reported":[130,204],"use;":[133],"high-density":[136],"(HDL-C)":[139],"levels;":[140],"total":[142,216],"changes":[144],"over":[145,178],"months.":[147],"Qualitative":[148],"evaluation":[149],"presented":[154],"as":[155],"well.":[156],"RESULTS:":[157],"We":[158],"enrolled":[159],"240":[160],"individuals":[161],"(120":[162],"intervention,":[163],"120":[164],"control).":[165],"Overall,":[166],"54.2%":[167],"adherent":[175],"per":[176],"MPR":[177],"months":[180],"compared":[181],"46.6%":[183],"(difference":[188],"=":[189],"7.6%;":[190],"95%":[191],"confidence":[192],"interval,":[193],"-5%":[194],"20%;":[196],"P":[197],"\u2264.24).":[198],"Both":[199],"arms":[200,225],"reported":[201,232],"improvements":[202],"at":[207],"months,":[209],"decreases":[211],"LDL-C,":[213],"HDL-C,":[214],"observed,":[219],"but":[220],"differences":[221],"change":[223],"between":[224],"not":[227],"statistically":[228],"significant.":[229],"Qualitatively,":[230],"patients":[231],"high":[233],"satisfaction":[236],"package.":[240],"CONCLUSIONS:":[241],"In":[242],"sample":[244],"veterans,":[247],"prefilled":[248],"calendared":[249],"inexpensive":[254],"adherence.":[260]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-09-27T08:07:27.782135","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}