{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2758452829","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/2056305117733344","title":"Stop and Frisk Online: Theorizing Everyday Racism in Digital Policing in the Use of Social Media for Identification of Criminal Conduct and Associations","display_name":"Stop and Frisk Online: Theorizing Everyday Racism in Digital Policing in the Use of Social Media for Identification of Criminal Conduct and Associations","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2758452829","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/2056305117733344","mag":"2758452829"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/2056305117733344","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/2056305117733344","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/2056305117733344","pdf_url":"https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/2056305117733344","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764570952","display_name":"Social Media + Society","issn_l":"2056-3051","issn":["2056-3051"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","erih-plus","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Social Media + Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/2056305117733344","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056054965","display_name":"Desmond U. Patton","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9518-1136","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9518-1136"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78577930","display_name":"Columbia University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj8s172","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Desmond Upton Patton","raw_affiliation_strings":["Columbia University, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Columbia University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040755923","display_name":"Douglas-Wade Brunton","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6056-9560","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6056-9560"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Douglas-Wade Brunton","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Michigan, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Michigan, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015330794","display_name":"Andrea L. Dixon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7468-1238","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7468-1238"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78577930","display_name":"Columbia University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj8s172","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrea Dixon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Columbia University, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Columbia University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070883380","display_name":"Reuben Jonathan Miller","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-5670-4559","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0007-5670-4559"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Reuben Jonathan Miller","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Michigan, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Michigan, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081858118","display_name":"Patrick Leonard","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78577930","display_name":"Columbia University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj8s172","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Patrick Leonard","raw_affiliation_strings":["Columbia University, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Columbia University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009250353","display_name":"Rose Hackman","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rose Hackman","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Guardian, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Guardian, USA","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5056054965"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"],"apc_list":{"value":1000,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1000},"apc_paid":{"value":1000,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1000},"fwci":31.9144,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":66,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99432037,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"3","issue":"3","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11076","display_name":"Policing Practices and Perceptions","score":0.8877000212669373,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11076","display_name":"Policing Practices and Perceptions","score":0.8877000212669373,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10883","display_name":"Ethics and Social Impacts of AI","score":0.019899999722838402,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13728","display_name":"Crime, Deviance, and Social Control","score":0.013399999588727951,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/everyday-racism","display_name":"everyday racism","score":0.8119999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-policing","display_name":"digital policing","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-media-surveillance","display_name":"social media surveillance","score":0.9800000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/racialized-surveillance","display_name":"racialized surveillance","score":0.6819999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/new-york-city-police-department","display_name":"New York City Police Department","score":0.6919999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-housing","display_name":"public housing","score":0.6359999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/harlem","display_name":"Harlem","score":0.5260000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/forensic-identification","display_name":"forensic identification","score":0.5370000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/racial-bias-in-policing","display_name":"racial bias in policing","score":0.49399998784065247}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780262971","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44554","display_name":"Law enforcement","level":2,"score":0.7822214365005493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73484699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161733","display_name":"Criminology","level":1,"score":0.7112472057342529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C518677369","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202833","display_name":"Social media","level":2,"score":0.7046216130256653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139838865","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8461","display_name":"Racism","level":2,"score":0.6440926194190979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780077968","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1996993","display_name":"Police brutality","level":2,"score":0.5872960090637207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.544130802154541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.492875337600708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.3432776927947998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29595303","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q165650","display_name":"Media studies","level":1,"score":0.3334377408027649},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.312014102935791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/2056305117733344","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/2056305117733344","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/2056305117733344","pdf_url":"https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/2056305117733344","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764570952","display_name":"Social Media + Society","issn_l":"2056-3051","issn":["2056-3051"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","erih-plus","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Social Media + Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.upenn.edu:20.500.14332/58917","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://repository.upenn.edu/handle/20.500.14332/58917","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402083","display_name":"ScholarlyCommons (University of Pennsylvania)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","host_organization_name":"University of Pennsylvania","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"1","raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:6b67f0027ba4415fa5de1853c44bf716","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/6b67f0027ba4415fa5de1853c44bf716","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Social Media + Society, Vol 3 (2017)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/2056305117733344","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/2056305117733344","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/2056305117733344","pdf_url":"https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/2056305117733344","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764570952","display_name":"Social Media + Society","issn_l":"2056-3051","issn":["2056-3051"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","erih-plus","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Social Media + Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8999999761581421,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions"},{"score":0.5,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"score":0.75,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2758452829.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1492030249","https://openalex.org/W1502773321","https://openalex.org/W1511370280","https://openalex.org/W1523720015","https://openalex.org/W1569298130","https://openalex.org/W1721617478","https://openalex.org/W1965112808","https://openalex.org/W1971652603","https://openalex.org/W1996567772","https://openalex.org/W2033239712","https://openalex.org/W2057842517","https://openalex.org/W2063631004","https://openalex.org/W2095004173","https://openalex.org/W2122305905","https://openalex.org/W2137150181","https://openalex.org/W2251626437","https://openalex.org/W2290920813","https://openalex.org/W3006586877","https://openalex.org/W4230495292","https://openalex.org/W4299358808","https://openalex.org/W4300749016","https://openalex.org/W4393272366"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1466682935","https://openalex.org/W4388181716","https://openalex.org/W6928939092","https://openalex.org/W2803055986","https://openalex.org/W2945689953","https://openalex.org/W2901679045","https://openalex.org/W4377099311","https://openalex.org/W2899630330","https://openalex.org/W7095487829","https://openalex.org/W7015195011"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Police":[0,46],"are":[1],"increasingly":[2],"monitoring":[3,52],"social":[4,54,71,94,108],"media":[5,55,72,95,109],"to":[6],"build":[7],"evidence":[8,114],"for":[9,73,91,103,111],"criminal":[10,77,116],"indictments.":[11],"In":[12,62],"2014,":[13],"103":[14],"alleged":[15],"gang":[16,35,60],"members":[17],"residing":[18],"in":[19,22,28,37,83,115],"public":[20],"housing":[21],"Harlem,":[23],"New":[24,44],"York,":[25],"were":[26],"arrested":[27],"what":[29],"has":[30],"been":[31],"called":[32],"\u201cthe":[33],"largest":[34],"bust":[36],"history.\u201d":[38],"The":[39],"arrests":[40],"came":[41],"after":[42],"the":[43,53,67,74],"York":[45],"Department":[47],"(NYPD)":[48],"spent":[49],"4":[50],"years":[51],"communication":[56],"of":[57,69,76],"these":[58],"suspected":[59],"members.":[61],"this":[63],"article,":[64],"we":[65],"explore":[66],"implications":[68,102],"using":[70],"identification":[75],"activity.":[78],"We":[79,100],"describe":[80],"everyday":[81],"racism":[82],"digital":[84],"policing":[85],"as":[86],"a":[87],"burgeoning":[88],"conceptual":[89],"framework":[90],"understanding":[92],"racialized":[93],"surveillance":[96],"by":[97],"law":[98,104],"enforcement.":[99],"discuss":[101],"enforcement":[105],"agencies":[106],"utilizing":[107],"data":[110],"intelligence":[112],"and":[113],"cases.":[117]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-09-11T09:22:31.653822","created_date":"2017-10-06T00:00:00"}
