{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2755230401","doi":null,"title":"A comparative analysis of machine learning approaches for plant disease identification","display_name":"A comparative analysis of machine learning approaches for plant disease identification","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-08-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2755230401","mag":"2755230401"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:ojs.submission.als-journal.com:article/367","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://submission.als-journal.com/index.php/ALS/article/view/367","pdf_url":"https://submission.als-journal.com/index.php/ALS/article/download/367/175","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401537","display_name":"Advancements in Life Sciences (University of the Punjab)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I172780181","host_organization_name":"University of the Punjab","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172780181"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Advancements in Life Sciences; Vol 4, No 4 (2017): Advancements in Life Sciences; 120-126","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://submission.als-journal.com/index.php/ALS/article/download/367/175","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Hidayat Ur Rahman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2772-4706","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2772-4706"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hidayat Ur Rahman","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2772-4706","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080035662","display_name":"Nadeem Jabbar","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nadeem Jabbar","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056741703","display_name":"Sanaullah Manzoor","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4055-8469","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4055-8469"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sanaullah Manzoor","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4055-8469","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062863274","display_name":"Fahad Najeeb","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fahad Najeeb","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065090912","display_name":"Muhammad Yasir Siddique","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0653-8632","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0653-8632"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Yasir Siddique","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0653-8632","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045150195","display_name":"Rafaqat Alam Khan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2238-7384","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2238-7384"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rafaqat Alam Khan","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2238-7384","affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.3464,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":27,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87847291,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"4","issue":"4","first_page":"120","last_page":"126"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10616","display_name":"Smart Agriculture and AI","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10616","display_name":"Smart Agriculture and AI","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12111","display_name":"Industrial Vision Systems and Defect Detection","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10824","display_name":"Image Retrieval and Classification Techniques","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/plant-disease-detection","display_name":"plant disease detection","score":0.8199999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leaf-image-classification","display_name":"leaf image classification","score":0.9390000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/healthy-vs-diseased-leaves","display_name":"healthy vs diseased leaves","score":0.7770000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cabbage","display_name":"cabbage","score":0.7300000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/citrus","display_name":"citrus","score":0.9800000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sorghum","display_name":"sorghum","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/color-features","display_name":"color features","score":0.8970000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistical-features","display_name":"statistical features","score":0.8840000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/histogram-of-oriented-gradients","display_name":"histogram of oriented gradients","score":0.9670000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-forest","display_name":"random forest","score":0.9539999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning-comparison","display_name":"machine learning comparison","score":0.4580000042915344}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53533937","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185020","display_name":"Histogram","level":3,"score":0.6368095874786377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6035637855529785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986587452","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q938438","display_name":"Statistical analysis","level":2,"score":0.5325393080711365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.49283528327941895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.4648090600967407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17426736","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q419918","display_name":"Histogram of oriented gradients","level":4,"score":0.43107283115386963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019235130","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188956","display_name":"Plant disease","level":2,"score":0.42888128757476807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118518473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11451","display_name":"Agriculture","level":2,"score":0.4280811548233032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.42433977127075195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3648661971092224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.341913104057312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.34111467003822327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.326447993516922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150903083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7108","display_name":"Biotechnology","level":1,"score":0.2700786590576172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.2192833125591278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.19969427585601807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.08291161060333252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:ojs.submission.als-journal.com:article/367","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://submission.als-journal.com/index.php/ALS/article/view/367","pdf_url":"https://submission.als-journal.com/index.php/ALS/article/download/367/175","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401537","display_name":"Advancements in Life Sciences (University of the Punjab)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I172780181","host_organization_name":"University of the Punjab","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172780181"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Advancements in Life Sciences; Vol 4, No 4 (2017): Advancements in Life Sciences; 120-126","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:036709fb2ab343d5b7d5afefd6c8c2f4","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/036709fb2ab343d5b7d5afefd6c8c2f4","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Advancements in Life Sciences, Vol 4, Iss 4, Pp 120-126 (2017)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"mag:2755230401","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://als-journal.com/submission/index.php/ALS/article/download/367/175","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2737477049","display_name":"Advancements in Life Sciences","issn_l":"2310-5380","issn":["2310-5380"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj","jufo-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319273","host_organization_name":"University of the Punjab","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319273"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of the Punjab"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Advancements in Life Sciences","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:ojs.submission.als-journal.com:article/367","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://submission.als-journal.com/index.php/ALS/article/view/367","pdf_url":"https://submission.als-journal.com/index.php/ALS/article/download/367/175","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401537","display_name":"Advancements in Life Sciences (University of the Punjab)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I172780181","host_organization_name":"University of the Punjab","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172780181"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Advancements in Life Sciences; Vol 4, No 4 (2017): Advancements in Life Sciences; 120-126","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9208999872207642,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","display_name":"Zero hunger"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2755230401.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2755230401.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4410264818","https://openalex.org/W2971709147","https://openalex.org/W2886330227","https://openalex.org/W4304108754","https://openalex.org/W4401032827","https://openalex.org/W7212353331","https://openalex.org/W4390550779","https://openalex.org/W4378700613","https://openalex.org/W4321843890","https://openalex.org/W6939593498"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Background:":[0],"The":[1,182,203],"problems":[2],"to":[3,24,59,128],"leaf":[4],"in":[5,51,63],"plants":[6,75],"are":[7,20,76],"very":[8],"severe":[9],"and":[10,40,85,105,124,131,150,171,189,200,219,239,251],"they":[11],"usually":[12],"shorten":[13],"the":[14,37,42,52,61,71,101,179,211,225,247],"lifespan":[15],"of":[16,27,73,93,103,115,155,165,169,174,197,217,241,249],"plants.":[17,253],"Leaf":[18],"diseases":[19],"mainly":[21],"caused":[22],"due":[23],"three":[25,112],"types":[26,114],"attacks":[28],"including":[29],"viral,":[30],"bacterial":[31],"or":[32],"fungal.":[33],"Diseased":[34],"leaves":[35,117,134],"reduce":[36],"crop":[38],"production":[39],"affect":[41],"agricultural":[43],"economy.":[44],"Since":[45],"agriculture":[46],"plays":[47],"a":[48,90],"vital":[49],"role":[50],"economy,":[53],"thus":[54],"effective":[55],"mechanism":[56],"is":[57,82,210,229],"required":[58],"detect":[60],"problem":[62],"early":[64],"stages.":[65],"Methods:":[66],"Traditional":[67],"approaches":[68,96],"used":[69,177,192],"for":[70,100,187,193,215,246],"identification":[72,102],"diseased":[74,220],"based":[77,136],"on":[78],"field":[79],"visits":[80],"which":[81,195],"time":[83],"consuming":[84],"tedious.":[86],"In":[87,126],"this":[88],"paper":[89],"comparative":[91],"analysis":[92],"machine":[94,213],"learning":[95],"has":[97],"been":[98,119,160],"presented":[99],"healthy":[104,130,199,218,250],"non-healthy":[106,132,252],"plant":[107,116,133,221],"leaves.":[108,202,222],"For":[109],"experimental":[110],"purpose":[111],"different":[113],"have":[118,159],"selected":[120],"namely,":[121],"cabbage,":[122,166],"citrus":[123,170],"sorghum.":[125],"order":[127],"classify":[129],"color":[135,235],"features":[137,142,232],"such":[138,143,152,233],"as":[139,144,153,178,234],"pixels,":[140],"statistical":[141,237],"mean,":[145],"standard":[146],"deviation,":[147],"min,":[148],"max":[149],"descriptors":[151],"Histogram":[154],"Oriented":[156],"Gradients":[157],"(HOG)":[158],"used.":[161],"Results:":[162],"382":[163],"images":[164,168,173],"539":[167],"262":[172],"sorghum":[175],"were":[176,191],"primary":[180],"dataset.":[181],"40%":[183],"data":[184],"was":[185],"utilized":[186],"testing":[188],"60%":[190],"training":[194],"consisted":[196],"both":[198],"damaged":[201],"results":[204],"showed":[205],"that":[206,231],"random":[207],"forest":[208],"classifier":[209],"best":[212],"method":[214],"classification":[216,248],"Conclusion:":[223],"From":[224],"extensive":[226],"experimentation":[227],"it":[228],"concluded":[230],"information,":[236],"distribution":[238],"histogram":[240],"gradients":[242],"provides":[243],"sufficient":[244],"clue":[245]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2017-09-25T00:00:00"}
