{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2755215975","doi":null,"title":"Biological and physical strategies to improve the therapeutic index of photodynamic therapy.","display_name":"Biological and physical strategies to improve the therapeutic index of photodynamic therapy.","publication_year":2008,"publication_date":"2008-07-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2755215975","mag":"2755215975"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:utoronto.scholaris.ca:1807/11122","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1807/11122","pdf_url":"https://utoronto.scholaris.ca/bitstreams/be20deee-97c6-4eef-bef0-05351443b610/download","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400261","display_name":"TSpace (University of Toronto)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I185261750","host_organization_name":"University of Toronto","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Thesis"},"volume":null,"type":"dissertation","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://utoronto.scholaris.ca/bitstreams/be20deee-97c6-4eef-bef0-05351443b610/download","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089662136","display_name":"Cesar A. Rendon","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Cesar Augusto Rendon Restrepo","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5089662136"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10957","display_name":"Photodynamic Therapy Research Studies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1306","display_name":"Cancer Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10957","display_name":"Photodynamic Therapy Research Studies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1306","display_name":"Cancer Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10782","display_name":"Nanoplatforms for cancer theranostics","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10977","display_name":"Optical Imaging and Spectroscopy Techniques","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photodynamic-therapy","display_name":"photodynamic therapy","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/therapeutic-index","display_name":"therapeutic index","score":0.8820000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prostate-cancer","display_name":"prostate cancer","score":0.8040000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brain-tumors","display_name":"brain tumors","score":0.7509999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/erythropoietin","display_name":"erythropoietin","score":0.9160000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuroprotection","display_name":"neuroprotection","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/treatment-plan-optimization","display_name":"treatment planning optimization","score":0.843999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tissue-optical-properties","display_name":"tissue optical properties","score":0.6639999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cortical-neurons","display_name":"cortical neurons","score":0.5839999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tumor-selectivity","display_name":"tumor selectivity","score":0.7070000171661377}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781323092","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1428072","display_name":"Photodynamic therapy","level":2,"score":0.827234148979187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777382242","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6017816","display_name":"Index (typography)","level":2,"score":0.5161808133125305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.5043598413467407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1862650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186005","display_name":"Physical therapy","level":1,"score":0.38937556743621826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.16396817564964294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.10269203782081604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.06931748986244202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:utoronto.scholaris.ca:1807/11122","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1807/11122","pdf_url":"https://utoronto.scholaris.ca/bitstreams/be20deee-97c6-4eef-bef0-05351443b610/download","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400261","display_name":"TSpace (University of Toronto)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I185261750","host_organization_name":"University of Toronto","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Thesis"},{"id":"pmh:oai:collectionscanada.gc.ca:OTU.1807/11122","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1807/11122","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402307","display_name":"Library and Archives Canada (Government of Canada)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2802286613","host_organization_name":"Government of Canada","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802286613"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Thesis"},{"id":"mag:2755215975","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://tspace.library.utoronto.ca/bitstream/1807/11122/1/Rendon_Cesar_A_200803_PhD_thesis.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:utoronto.scholaris.ca:1807/11122","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1807/11122","pdf_url":"https://utoronto.scholaris.ca/bitstreams/be20deee-97c6-4eef-bef0-05351443b610/download","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400261","display_name":"TSpace (University of Toronto)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I185261750","host_organization_name":"University of Toronto","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Thesis"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.9763000011444092}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2755215975.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2755215975.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":189,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W9787603","https://openalex.org/W32241656","https://openalex.org/W60206895","https://openalex.org/W101316190","https://openalex.org/W281761388","https://openalex.org/W1504583940","https://openalex.org/W1518103580","https://openalex.org/W1568466958","https://openalex.org/W1572317384","https://openalex.org/W1574867250","https://openalex.org/W1576347883","https://openalex.org/W1604244229","https://openalex.org/W1631212473","https://openalex.org/W1872822718","https://openalex.org/W1899050407","https://openalex.org/W1916661321","https://openalex.org/W1926453091","https://openalex.org/W1933067863","https://openalex.org/W1955289205","https://openalex.org/W1958679672","https://openalex.org/W1966434015","https://openalex.org/W1966868760","https://openalex.org/W1970325360","https://openalex.org/W1970676529","https://openalex.org/W1971292240","https://openalex.org/W1971335269","https://openalex.org/W1971745805","https://openalex.org/W1973099929","https://openalex.org/W1975840738","https://openalex.org/W1976869427","https://openalex.org/W1976916629","https://openalex.org/W1977120288","https://openalex.org/W1977177822","https://openalex.org/W1977594457","https://openalex.org/W1978809370","https://openalex.org/W1980073077","https://openalex.org/W1984308009","https://openalex.org/W1989436614","https://openalex.org/W1989964747","https://openalex.org/W1996004688","https://openalex.org/W1996160600","https://openalex.org/W1998125105","https://openalex.org/W1998236265","https://openalex.org/W1998470223","https://openalex.org/W1999095729","https://openalex.org/W2001382708","https://openalex.org/W2002189627","https://openalex.org/W2002633012","https://openalex.org/W2002756972","https://openalex.org/W2005781880","https://openalex.org/W2006376420","https://openalex.org/W2007074556","https://openalex.org/W2007106984","https://openalex.org/W2008601705","https://openalex.org/W2009511046","https://openalex.org/W2009677760","https://openalex.org/W2009828713","https://openalex.org/W2012143263","https://openalex.org/W2013294070","https://openalex.org/W2013492930","https://openalex.org/W2015462688","https://openalex.org/W2016576571","https://openalex.org/W2016586262","https://openalex.org/W2019787708","https://openalex.org/W2020368691","https://openalex.org/W2021300711","https://openalex.org/W2021995781","https://openalex.org/W2022123825","https://openalex.org/W2022339623","https://openalex.org/W2025359238","https://openalex.org/W2025705028","https://openalex.org/W2026113882","https://openalex.org/W2027310920","https://openalex.org/W2028134197","https://openalex.org/W2028840842","https://openalex.org/W2029070398","https://openalex.org/W2030059142","https://openalex.org/W2032063521","https://openalex.org/W2032103118","https://openalex.org/W2033106066","https://openalex.org/W2033185233","https://openalex.org/W2034008755","https://openalex.org/W2034394701","https://openalex.org/W2035303611","https://openalex.org/W2035657745","https://openalex.org/W2036205949","https://openalex.org/W2036210049","https://openalex.org/W2036996291","https://openalex.org/W2040748401","https://openalex.org/W2041608170","https://openalex.org/W2041665747","https://openalex.org/W2041685462","https://openalex.org/W2043058596","https://openalex.org/W2045651026","https://openalex.org/W2052689758","https://openalex.org/W2053701274","https://openalex.org/W2053985090","https://openalex.org/W2054158314","https://openalex.org/W2055091408","https://openalex.org/W2055475004","https://openalex.org/W2055710287","https://openalex.org/W2056992048","https://openalex.org/W2059390598","https://openalex.org/W2059869973","https://openalex.org/W2060065823","https://openalex.org/W2060420887","https://openalex.org/W2063679715","https://openalex.org/W2063825033","https://openalex.org/W2064022289","https://openalex.org/W2064214863","https://openalex.org/W2065744257","https://openalex.org/W2068624628","https://openalex.org/W2069324764","https://openalex.org/W2070680926","https://openalex.org/W2071719170","https://openalex.org/W2072452087","https://openalex.org/W2073922382","https://openalex.org/W2075236275","https://openalex.org/W2076261819","https://openalex.org/W2076310535","https://openalex.org/W2077984066","https://openalex.org/W2078084904","https://openalex.org/W2078235839","https://openalex.org/W2079189479","https://openalex.org/W2081190733","https://openalex.org/W2082868403","https://openalex.org/W2082963432","https://openalex.org/W2083176137","https://openalex.org/W2083484030","https://openalex.org/W2084393946","https://openalex.org/W2086431578","https://openalex.org/W2090455318","https://openalex.org/W2091061603","https://openalex.org/W2091210609","https://openalex.org/W2092984684","https://openalex.org/W2093529591","https://openalex.org/W2095473686","https://openalex.org/W2098818048","https://openalex.org/W2103736834","https://openalex.org/W2106803457","https://openalex.org/W2108454087","https://openalex.org/W2109344294","https://openalex.org/W2109723592","https://openalex.org/W2111152057","https://openalex.org/W2112615391","https://openalex.org/W2116144604","https://openalex.org/W2116637740","https://openalex.org/W2119091424","https://openalex.org/W2122965222","https://openalex.org/W2123609739","https://openalex.org/W2126715987","https://openalex.org/W2129352244","https://openalex.org/W2133134763","https://openalex.org/W2133549869","https://openalex.org/W2134293506","https://openalex.org/W2134921167","https://openalex.org/W2138751478","https://openalex.org/W2139175127","https://openalex.org/W2140660632","https://openalex.org/W2142463112","https://openalex.org/W2143808693","https://openalex.org/W2146014652","https://openalex.org/W2149766374","https://openalex.org/W2151982942","https://openalex.org/W2152169567","https://openalex.org/W2153159003","https://openalex.org/W2153928437","https://openalex.org/W2155011725","https://openalex.org/W2155886716","https://openalex.org/W2160008119","https://openalex.org/W2161019218","https://openalex.org/W2161854192","https://openalex.org/W2162123073","https://openalex.org/W2162264368","https://openalex.org/W2163736054","https://openalex.org/W2164526630","https://openalex.org/W2165141765","https://openalex.org/W2166164748","https://openalex.org/W2167356190","https://openalex.org/W2168867226","https://openalex.org/W2169787389","https://openalex.org/W2170253688","https://openalex.org/W2170752460","https://openalex.org/W2179772909","https://openalex.org/W2195368328","https://openalex.org/W2247201897","https://openalex.org/W2331874435","https://openalex.org/W2995136929","https://openalex.org/W7096967653"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2064208376","https://openalex.org/W4237549912","https://openalex.org/W2890215119","https://openalex.org/W3028439734","https://openalex.org/W2006303424","https://openalex.org/W2787822496","https://openalex.org/W2616510809","https://openalex.org/W1987046265","https://openalex.org/W2611876106","https://openalex.org/W2172763816"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Photodynamic":[0],"therapy":[1],"(PDT)":[2],"derives":[3],"its":[4,74],"tumour":[5],"selectivity":[6,55],"from":[7,179],"preferential":[8],"photosensitizer":[9],"accumulation":[10],"and":[11,161,199,267,304,323,335],"short":[12],"light":[13,32,90,175,243],"penetration":[14],"in":[15,28,157,191,197,203,255,274,297,320],"tissue.\\nHowever,":[16],"additional":[17],"strategies":[18,67],"are":[19,166],"needed":[20],"to":[21,36,52,68,88,95,112,155,172,325],"improve":[22,53,69,285],"the":[23,99,105,119,149,152,158,174,186,207,215,231,240,250,293,300,312],"therapeutic":[24],"index":[25],"of":[26,121,151,189,193,217,242,252,287,295,302],"PDT":[27,113,192,264,322],"oncological":[29],"applications":[30],"where":[31],"is":[33,46,56,214,233,311],"delivered":[34],"interstitially":[35],"large":[37],"volumes":[38],"(e.g.":[39,49],"prostate),":[40],"or":[41],"when":[42],"adjacent":[43],"normal":[44,122,200],"tissue":[45],"extremely":[47],"sensitive":[48],"brain).\\nMuch":[50],"research":[51],"PDT's":[54,70],"directed":[57],"towards":[58],"developing":[59],"targeted":[60],"photosensitizers.":[61],"Here,":[62],"I":[63,79,102,138,184,279],"present":[64],"two":[65],"alternative":[66],"selectivity,":[71],"without":[72],"compromising":[73],"efficacy.":[75],"For":[76],"interstitial":[77],"delivery,":[78],"investigated":[80,327],"whether":[81,104],"customizable":[82],"cylindrical":[83],"diffusers":[84,131,218,223,254,269],"can":[85,117],"be":[86,272,326],"used":[87,108],"deliver":[89],"doses":[91,305],"that":[92,206,281],"conform":[93],"better":[94],"target":[96],"geometries,":[97],"specifically":[98],"prostate.":[100],"Additionally,":[101,278],"examined":[103],"neuroprotectant":[106],"erythropoietin,":[107],"as":[109],"an":[110,133,226],"adjuvant":[111],"for":[114,144,299],"brain":[115,202,321],"tumours,":[116],"reduce":[118],"sensitivity":[120,150],"tissue,":[123],"thereby":[124],"improving":[125],"treatment":[126,145,265],"selectivity.\\n\\nTo":[127],"determine":[128],"if":[129],"tailored":[130,180,222,253,268],"constitute":[132],"improvement":[134,227,232],"over":[135,228],"conventional":[136,229],"ones,":[137,230],"introduce":[139],"a":[140,169],"novel":[141],"optimization":[142],"algorithm":[143],"planning.\\nI":[146],"also":[147],"analyze":[148],"resulting":[153],"plans":[154],"changes":[156],"optical":[159],"properties":[160],"diffuser":[162],"placement.":[163],"These":[164],"results":[165,247],"contextualized":[167],"by":[168,236,239,329],"mathematical":[170],"formalism":[171],"characterize":[173],"dose":[176],"distributions":[177],"arising":[178],"diffusers.":[181],"In":[182],"parallel,":[183],"investigate":[185],"neuroprotective":[187],"effects":[188],"erythropoietin":[190,282],"primary":[194],"cortical":[195],"neurons":[196,289],"culture":[198],"rat":[201],"vivo.\\n\\nI":[204],"show":[205,280],"most":[208],"important":[209],"parameter":[210],"determining":[211],"prostate":[212,256],"coverage":[213],"number":[216],"employed.":[219],"Moreover,":[220],"while":[221],"do":[224],"offer":[225],"likely":[234],"masked":[235],"perturbations":[237],"introduced":[238],"uncertainties":[241],"delivery.":[244],"Although":[245],"these":[246],"largely":[248],"discard":[249],"use":[251],"PDT,":[257,290],"significant":[258],"insight":[259],"has":[260,317],"been":[261,318],"gained":[262],"into":[263],"planning,":[266],"may":[270],"still":[271],"advantageous":[273],"more":[275],"complicated":[276],"geometries.":[277],"does":[283],"not":[284],"survival":[286],"PDT-treated":[288],"nor":[291],"reduces":[292],"volume":[294],"necrosis":[296],"vivo,":[298],"ranges":[301],"conditions":[303],"studied.":[306],"To":[307],"our":[308],"knowledge,":[309],"this":[310,315],"first":[313],"time":[314],"strategy":[316],"tested":[319],"deserves":[324],"further,":[328],"using":[330],"later":[331],"time-points,":[332],"functional":[333],"outcomes,":[334],"other":[336],"neuroprotectants.":[337]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-11T12:16:26.678958","created_date":"2017-09-25T00:00:00"}