{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2754570819","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5860/crl.79.4.517","title":"The Boolean is Dead, Long Live the Boolean! Natural Language versus Boolean Searching in Introductory Undergraduate Instruction","display_name":"The Boolean is Dead, Long Live the Boolean! Natural Language versus Boolean Searching in Introductory Undergraduate Instruction","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2754570819","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5860/crl.79.4.517","mag":"2754570819"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.5860/crl.79.4.517","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5860/crl.79.4.517","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5860/crl.79.4.517","pdf_url":"https://crl.acrl.org/index.php/crl/article/download/16729/18236","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S100920005","display_name":"College & Research Libraries","issn_l":"0010-0870","issn":["0010-0870","2150-6701"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-2","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316146","host_organization_name":"Association of College and Research Libraries","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316146","https://openalex.org/P4310315903"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association of College and Research Libraries","American Library Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"College &amp; Research Libraries","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://crl.acrl.org/index.php/crl/article/download/16729/18236","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080830994","display_name":"M. Sara Lowe","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0706-6056","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0706-6056","https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9649-4938"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I188538660","display_name":"University of Colorado Boulder","ror":"https://ror.org/02ttsq026","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I188538660"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802236040","display_name":"University of Colorado System","ror":"https://ror.org/00jc20583","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802236040"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55769427","display_name":"Indiana University \u2013 Purdue University Indianapolis","ror":"https://ror.org/05gxnyn08","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55769427","https://openalex.org/I592451"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I592451","display_name":"Indiana University","ror":"https://ror.org/01kg8sb98","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I592451"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. Lowe","raw_affiliation_strings":["Library at University of Colorado Boulder","Indiana University School of Dentistry;","University Library at Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis;","University of Colorado Boulder"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Library at University of Colorado Boulder","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I188538660","https://openalex.org/I2802236040"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Indiana University School of Dentistry;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I592451"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University Library at Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55769427"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Colorado Boulder","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I188538660"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022486340","display_name":"Bronwen K. Maxson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7392-8975","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7392-8975"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I188538660","display_name":"University of Colorado Boulder","ror":"https://ror.org/02ttsq026","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I188538660"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55769427","display_name":"Indiana University \u2013 Purdue University Indianapolis","ror":"https://ror.org/05gxnyn08","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55769427","https://openalex.org/I592451"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I592451","display_name":"Indiana University","ror":"https://ror.org/01kg8sb98","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I592451"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bronwen Maxson","raw_affiliation_strings":["University Library at Indiana University- Purdue University Indianapolis","Indiana University School of Dentistry;","University of Colorado Boulder"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University Library at Indiana University- Purdue University Indianapolis","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55769427"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Indiana University School of Dentistry;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I592451"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Colorado Boulder","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I188538660"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025212154","display_name":"Sean M. Stone","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1650-3070","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1650-3070"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I188538660","display_name":"University of Colorado Boulder","ror":"https://ror.org/02ttsq026","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I188538660"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55769427","display_name":"Indiana University \u2013 Purdue University Indianapolis","ror":"https://ror.org/05gxnyn08","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55769427","https://openalex.org/I592451"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I592451","display_name":"Indiana University","ror":"https://ror.org/01kg8sb98","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I592451"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sean Stone","raw_affiliation_strings":["University Library at Indiana University- Purdue University Indianapolis","Indiana University School of Dentistry;","University of Colorado Boulder"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University Library at Indiana University- Purdue University Indianapolis","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55769427"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Indiana University School of Dentistry;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I592451"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Colorado Boulder","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I188538660"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070404466","display_name":"Willie M. Miller","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7826-7950","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7826-7950"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I188538660","display_name":"University of Colorado Boulder","ror":"https://ror.org/02ttsq026","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I188538660"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55769427","display_name":"Indiana University \u2013 Purdue University Indianapolis","ror":"https://ror.org/05gxnyn08","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55769427","https://openalex.org/I592451"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I592451","display_name":"Indiana University","ror":"https://ror.org/01kg8sb98","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I592451"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Willie Miller","raw_affiliation_strings":["University Library at Indiana University- Purdue University Indianapolis","Indiana University School of Dentistry;","University of Colorado Boulder"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University Library at Indiana University- Purdue University Indianapolis","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55769427"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Indiana University School of Dentistry;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I592451"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Colorado Boulder","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I188538660"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083529889","display_name":"Eric A. Snajdr","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6327-8657","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6327-8657"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I188538660","display_name":"University of Colorado Boulder","ror":"https://ror.org/02ttsq026","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I188538660"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55769427","display_name":"Indiana University \u2013 Purdue University Indianapolis","ror":"https://ror.org/05gxnyn08","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55769427","https://openalex.org/I592451"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I592451","display_name":"Indiana University","ror":"https://ror.org/01kg8sb98","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I592451"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eric Snajdr","raw_affiliation_strings":["University Library at Indiana University- Purdue University Indianapolis","Indiana University School of Dentistry;","University of Colorado Boulder"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University Library at Indiana University- Purdue University Indianapolis","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55769427"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Indiana University School of Dentistry;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I592451"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Colorado Boulder","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I188538660"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Kathleen Hanna","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I188538660","display_name":"University of Colorado Boulder","ror":"https://ror.org/02ttsq026","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I188538660"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55769427","display_name":"Indiana University \u2013 Purdue University Indianapolis","ror":"https://ror.org/05gxnyn08","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55769427","https://openalex.org/I592451"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I592451","display_name":"Indiana University","ror":"https://ror.org/01kg8sb98","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I592451"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kathleen Hanna","raw_affiliation_strings":["University Library at Indiana University- Purdue University Indianapolis","Indiana University School of Dentistry;","University of Colorado Boulder"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University Library at Indiana University- Purdue University Indianapolis","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55769427"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Indiana University School of Dentistry;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I592451"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Colorado Boulder","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I188538660"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":9.6882,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96757387,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"79","issue":"4","first_page":"517","last_page":"534"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10712","display_name":"Library Science and Information Literacy","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3309","display_name":"Library and Information Sciences"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10712","display_name":"Library Science and Information Literacy","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3309","display_name":"Library and Information Sciences"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10286","display_name":"Information Retrieval and Search Behavior","score":0.0013000000035390258,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12887","display_name":"Educational Strategies and Epistemologies","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/boolean-search","display_name":"Boolean search","score":0.824999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/boolean-operators","display_name":"Boolean operators","score":0.7639999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-literacy-instruction","display_name":"information literacy instruction","score":0.9580000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/first-year-students","display_name":"first-year students","score":0.7850000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database-searching","display_name":"database searching","score":0.656000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/search-performance","display_name":"search performance","score":0.4350000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/source-evaluation","display_name":"source evaluation","score":0.7089999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/question-development","display_name":"question development","score":0.5820000171661377}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6960799694061279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171268870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1486676","display_name":"GRASP","level":2,"score":0.6714566946029663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158465420","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1979515","display_name":"Boolean expression","level":3,"score":0.5335942506790161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777212361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5127848","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.4682199954986572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4926405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3269980","display_name":"Boolean domain","level":5,"score":0.4634999930858612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195324797","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33742","display_name":"Natural language","level":2,"score":0.4406803548336029},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7342684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q520777","display_name":"Boolean data type","level":2,"score":0.43927326798439026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.3719104528427124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.32925206422805786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207764348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7858706","display_name":"Two-element Boolean algebra","level":4,"score":0.3083334267139435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2364743947982788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187455244","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q942353","display_name":"Boolean function","level":2,"score":0.22755098342895508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1770772933959961},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.1526552438735962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136119220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1000660","display_name":"Algebra over a field","level":2,"score":0.1209363341331482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169171071","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5449241","display_name":"Filtered algebra","level":3,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.5860/crl.79.4.517","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5860/crl.79.4.517","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5860/crl.79.4.517","pdf_url":"https://crl.acrl.org/index.php/crl/article/download/16729/18236","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S100920005","display_name":"College & Research Libraries","issn_l":"0010-0870","issn":["0010-0870","2150-6701"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-2","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316146","host_organization_name":"Association of College and Research Libraries","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316146","https://openalex.org/P4310315903"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association of College and Research Libraries","American Library Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"College &amp; Research Libraries","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:cuscholar:9880vr643","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://scholar.colorado.edu/concern/articles/9880vr643","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401957","display_name":"CU Scholar (University of Colorado Boulder)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I188538660","host_organization_name":"University of Colorado Boulder","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I188538660"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:scholar.colorado.edu:libr_facpapers-1118","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://scholar.colorado.edu/libr_facpapers/113","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401957","display_name":"CU Scholar (University of Colorado Boulder)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I188538660","host_organization_name":"University of Colorado Boulder","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I188538660"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"University Libraries Faculty &amp; Staff Contributions","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:scholarworks.indianapolis.iu.edu:1805/15632","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/1805/15632","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400987","display_name":"IUScholarWorks (Indiana University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I592451","host_organization_name":"Indiana University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I592451"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:scholarworks.iupui.edu:1805/15632","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1805/15632","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400987","display_name":"IUScholarWorks (Indiana University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I592451","host_organization_name":"Indiana University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I592451"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.5860/crl.79.4.517","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5860/crl.79.4.517","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5860/crl.79.4.517","pdf_url":"https://crl.acrl.org/index.php/crl/article/download/16729/18236","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S100920005","display_name":"College & Research Libraries","issn_l":"0010-0870","issn":["0010-0870","2150-6701"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-2","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316146","host_organization_name":"Association of College and Research Libraries","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316146","https://openalex.org/P4310315903"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association of College and Research Libraries","American Library Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"College &amp; Research Libraries","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality education","score":0.6164000034332275,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"display_name":"Quality education","score":0.8999999761581421,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2754570819.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2754570819.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":65,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W67826790","https://openalex.org/W167487044","https://openalex.org/W168379727","https://openalex.org/W651649194","https://openalex.org/W959004032","https://openalex.org/W1096993276","https://openalex.org/W1424296831","https://openalex.org/W1498885738","https://openalex.org/W1535740473","https://openalex.org/W1575736368","https://openalex.org/W1589868016","https://openalex.org/W1660390307","https://openalex.org/W1767401707","https://openalex.org/W1814308847","https://openalex.org/W1905751765","https://openalex.org/W1961503741","https://openalex.org/W1964849770","https://openalex.org/W1980478688","https://openalex.org/W1982065914","https://openalex.org/W1982889956","https://openalex.org/W1994552802","https://openalex.org/W1996495116","https://openalex.org/W2023436293","https://openalex.org/W2025261250","https://openalex.org/W2033498751","https://openalex.org/W2035471526","https://openalex.org/W2045458490","https://openalex.org/W2045710014","https://openalex.org/W2051261108","https://openalex.org/W2052029271","https://openalex.org/W2055698527","https://openalex.org/W2066080738","https://openalex.org/W2066856268","https://openalex.org/W2071821600","https://openalex.org/W2080018620","https://openalex.org/W2081909490","https://openalex.org/W2093583221","https://openalex.org/W2094091720","https://openalex.org/W2097747666","https://openalex.org/W2110668218","https://openalex.org/W2114920267","https://openalex.org/W2118096205","https://openalex.org/W2120109270","https://openalex.org/W2132540451","https://openalex.org/W2135937491","https://openalex.org/W2140016775","https://openalex.org/W2141763838","https://openalex.org/W2143779350","https://openalex.org/W2151592910","https://openalex.org/W2154724067","https://openalex.org/W2167408860","https://openalex.org/W2171694224","https://openalex.org/W2194971850","https://openalex.org/W2317677309","https://openalex.org/W2394940215","https://openalex.org/W2463815152","https://openalex.org/W2512114107","https://openalex.org/W2566778448","https://openalex.org/W2776570872","https://openalex.org/W3147303410","https://openalex.org/W4230541388","https://openalex.org/W4231423691","https://openalex.org/W4238399542","https://openalex.org/W4250832156","https://openalex.org/W4251260428"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2612850604","https://openalex.org/W3081053739","https://openalex.org/W7171742162","https://openalex.org/W4246434879","https://openalex.org/W1767401707","https://openalex.org/W103112746","https://openalex.org/W6904069964","https://openalex.org/W159637650","https://openalex.org/W2171694224","https://openalex.org/W4250832156"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Boolean":[0,19,49,58,102],"logic":[1],"can":[2],"be":[3,70],"a":[4],"difficult":[5],"concept":[6],"for":[7,95],"first\u2010year,":[8],"introductory":[9],"students":[10,54],"to":[11,56,81],"grasp.":[12],"This":[13],"paper":[14],"compares":[15],"the":[16,93,104],"results":[17],"of":[18,73],"and":[20,60,89],"natural":[21,40],"language":[22,42],"searching":[23],"across":[24],"several":[25],"databases":[26,37],"with":[27],"searches":[28],"created":[29],"from":[30],"student":[31],"research":[32],"questions.":[33],"Performance":[34],"differences":[35],"between":[36],"varied.":[38],"Overall,":[39],"search":[41],"is":[43],"at":[44],"least":[45],"as":[46,48,86],"good":[47],"searching.":[50],"With":[51],"evidence":[52],"that":[53],"struggle":[55],"grasp":[57],"searching,":[59],"may":[61],"not":[62,99],"use":[63],"it":[64,68,107],"even":[65],"after":[66],"instruction,":[67,75],"could":[69],"left":[71],"out":[72],"first\u2010year":[74,113],"freeing":[76],"up":[77],"valuable":[78],"class":[79],"time":[80],"focus":[82],"on":[83],"concepts":[84],"such":[85],"question":[87],"development":[88],"source":[90],"evaluation.":[91],"As":[92],"Framework":[94],"Information":[96,114],"Literary":[97],"does":[98],"specifically":[100],"address":[101],"operators,":[103],"authors":[105],"suggest":[106],"should":[108],"have":[109],"less":[110],"prominence":[111],"in":[112],"Literacy":[115],"instruction.":[116]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-30T12:39:25.321706","created_date":"2017-09-25T00:00:00"}
