{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2754398482","doi":null,"title":"Why do foreign banks stay in London","display_name":"Why do foreign banks stay in London","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2754398482","mag":"2754398482"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:2754398482","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://cassknowledge.co.uk/sites/default/files/article-attachments/Clare_Gul_Pinheiro_JIMF_Final_(Submit%2024082011)_0.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010791654","display_name":"Andrew Clare","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4180-6778","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4180-6778"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180825142","display_name":"City, University of London","ror":"https://ror.org/04489at23","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I180825142","https://openalex.org/I4401726869"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrew Clare","raw_affiliation_strings":["City University, London#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4180-6778","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"City University, London#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180825142"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087135944","display_name":"Mohamed Azzim Gulamhussen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5359-7574","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5359-7574"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohamed Azzim Gulamhussen","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5359-7574","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029482590","display_name":"Carlos Manuel Pinheiro","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8897-0332","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8897-0332"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Carlos Manuel Pinheiro","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8897-0332","affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10127","display_name":"Banking stability, regulation, efficiency","score":0.9086999893188477,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2003","display_name":"Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10127","display_name":"Banking stability, regulation, efficiency","score":0.9086999893188477,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2003","display_name":"Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14419","display_name":"Banking Systems and Strategies","score":0.05139999836683273,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2003","display_name":"Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10415","display_name":"International Business and FDI","score":0.016599999740719795,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/foreign-banks","display_name":"foreign banks","score":0.9549999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bank-exit","display_name":"bank exit","score":0.5419999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bank-entry","display_name":"bank entry","score":0.6809999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/international-banking","display_name":"international banking","score":0.7789999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/market-experience","display_name":"market experience","score":0.6520000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/local-market-size","display_name":"local market size","score":0.5849999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domestic-competition","display_name":"domestic competition","score":0.8370000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geographic-distance","display_name":"geographic distance","score":0.9200000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/global-economic-activity","display_name":"global economic activity","score":0.9459999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economic-volatility","display_name":"economic volatility","score":0.7839999794960022}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127576917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q624630","display_name":"Competitor analysis","level":2,"score":0.8534196615219116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.49918413162231445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.48683589696884155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C156152238","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1548025","display_name":"Retail banking","level":2,"score":0.4550505578517914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88626702","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1128903","display_name":"Continuation","level":2,"score":0.4274025559425354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.36313414573669434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73283319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1416617","display_name":"Financial system","level":1,"score":0.32432234287261963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.25861573219299316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.09845715761184692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:2754398482","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://cassknowledge.co.uk/sites/default/files/article-attachments/Clare_Gul_Pinheiro_JIMF_Final_(Submit%2024082011)_0.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1482887108","https://openalex.org/W1569760112","https://openalex.org/W1966005081","https://openalex.org/W1967074476","https://openalex.org/W1968537865","https://openalex.org/W1971661909","https://openalex.org/W1977403873","https://openalex.org/W1984934316","https://openalex.org/W1990631438","https://openalex.org/W2018513632","https://openalex.org/W2018623528","https://openalex.org/W2020245109","https://openalex.org/W2045605487","https://openalex.org/W2050485515","https://openalex.org/W2054680137","https://openalex.org/W2060506012","https://openalex.org/W2088508036","https://openalex.org/W2092519659","https://openalex.org/W2095212042","https://openalex.org/W2150429609","https://openalex.org/W2167291254","https://openalex.org/W3121744384","https://openalex.org/W3122711978","https://openalex.org/W3122936163","https://openalex.org/W3123630252","https://openalex.org/W3124682694","https://openalex.org/W3124705764","https://openalex.org/W3125796643","https://openalex.org/W3125917484"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1985640990","https://openalex.org/W2140146197","https://openalex.org/W2489636651","https://openalex.org/W2506544466","https://openalex.org/W640108350","https://openalex.org/W1995516577","https://openalex.org/W6903527038","https://openalex.org/W37928575","https://openalex.org/W2499390462","https://openalex.org/W2091738870"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"banking":[1,22,59,112,142,177],"literature":[2],"focuses":[3],"extensively":[4],"on":[5,69],"the":[6,16,19,55,76,108,120,124,127,131,148,155,159,173,183,186,190,192],"phenomenon":[7],"of":[8,21,42,86,110,133,141,150,158,175,194,197],"bank":[9],"entry":[10],"and":[11,48,94,130,153],"pays":[12],"less":[13],"attention":[14],"to":[15,80,147,154,162],"factors":[17],"driving":[18],"continuation":[20,109,140],"activities":[23,143],"in":[24,114,126,180],"foreign":[25,43],"markets.":[26],"In":[27],"this":[28,32,101,198],"paper,":[29],"we":[30],"analyze":[31],"important,":[33],"but":[34],"overlooked,":[35],"issue":[36],"by":[37],"constructing":[38],"a":[39,195],"unique":[40],"database":[41],"banks":[44],"that":[45,50,91,96,107,139,167],"continue":[46,92],"operating":[47,93],"those":[49],"have":[51],"withdrawn":[52],"from":[53,72,78,98],"arguably":[54],"world\u2019s":[56],"most":[57],"international":[58,111,176],"center":[60],"\u2013":[61],"London.":[62,163],"This":[63],"new":[64],"data":[65],"set":[66],"comprises":[67],"information":[68],"408":[70],"offices":[71,90],"77":[73],"countries":[74],"spanning":[75],"period":[77],"1945":[79],"1999,":[81],"giving":[82],"us":[83],"4,643":[84],"observations,":[85],"which":[87],"2,795":[88],"represent":[89],"1,848":[95],"withdrew":[97],"London":[99,115],"during":[100],"period.":[102],"Our":[103],"empirical":[104],"work":[105],"shows":[106],"activity":[113,171],"is":[116,144],"positively":[117],"related":[118,146],"to:":[119],"initial":[121],"organizational":[122],"form;":[123],"experience":[125],"local":[128,134],"market;":[129],"size":[132],"operations.":[135],"We":[136,164],"also":[137,165],"find":[138,166],"negatively":[145],"presence":[149],"domestic":[151],"competitors":[152],"geographical":[156],"distance":[157],"home":[160],"country":[161],"higher":[168],"global":[169,187],"economic":[170,188],"increases":[172],"likelihood":[174],"operations":[178],"continuing":[179],"London;":[181],"however,":[182],"more":[184],"volatile":[185],"environment,":[189],"greater":[191],"prospect":[193],"cessation":[196],"activity.":[199]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-09-26T08:19:03.415552","created_date":"2017-09-25T00:00:00"}
