{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2754190853","doi":"https://doi.org/10.32473/sal.v30i1.107363","title":"Tone shift and spread in Taita I","display_name":"Tone shift and spread in Taita I","publication_year":2001,"publication_date":"2001-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2754190853","doi":"https://doi.org/10.32473/sal.v30i1.107363","mag":"2754190853"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.32473/sal.v30i1.107363","doi":"https://doi.org/10.32473/sal.v30i1.107363","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.32473/sal.v30i1.107363","pdf_url":"https://journals.flvc.org/sal/article/download/107363/102684","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764643167","display_name":"Studies in African Linguistics","issn_l":"0039-3533","issn":["0039-3533","2154-428X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj","erih-plus","jufo-2","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320363","host_organization_name":"George A. Smathers Libraries","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320363"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["George A. Smathers Libraries"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Studies in African Linguistics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://journals.flvc.org/sal/article/download/107363/102684","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018480971","display_name":"David Arnold Odden","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6743-0684","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6743-0684"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52357470","display_name":"The Ohio State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00rs6vg23","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"David Odden","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ohio State University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ohio State University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5018480971"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.4434232,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"30","issue":"1","first_page":"76","last_page":"99"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10403","display_name":"Phonetics and Phonology Research","score":0.9901999831199646,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10403","display_name":"Phonetics and Phonology Research","score":0.9901999831199646,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10034","display_name":"Syntax, Semantics, Linguistic Variation","score":0.004999999888241291,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1203","display_name":"Language and Linguistics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12768","display_name":"Linguistics and language evolution","score":0.0008999999845400453,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1203","display_name":"Language and Linguistics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tone-shift","display_name":"tone shift","score":0.6740000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phonological-rules","display_name":"phonological rules","score":0.8119999766349792}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99878080","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33146","display_name":"Bantu languages","level":2,"score":0.8168267011642456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780583480","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1366327","display_name":"Tone (literature)","level":2,"score":0.7985655069351196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109089402","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8188","display_name":"Syllable","level":2,"score":0.7132287621498108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98184364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1780131","display_name":"Argument (complex analysis)","level":2,"score":0.5635555386543274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.5635196566581726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780226923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q929848","display_name":"Movement (music)","level":2,"score":0.5128012299537659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.45119425654411316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778473898","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145110","display_name":"Repertoire","level":2,"score":0.439414918422699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151670969","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187303","display_name":"Phonological rule","level":3,"score":0.4304147958755493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.4230159521102905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780586882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7520643","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.415585458278656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.34382009506225586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.32709962129592896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148934300","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40998","display_name":"Phonology","level":2,"score":0.24921342730522156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.2033195197582245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.15309938788414001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.08812904357910156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.32473/sal.v30i1.107363","doi":"https://doi.org/10.32473/sal.v30i1.107363","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.32473/sal.v30i1.107363","pdf_url":"https://journals.flvc.org/sal/article/download/107363/102684","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764643167","display_name":"Studies in African Linguistics","issn_l":"0039-3533","issn":["0039-3533","2154-428X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj","erih-plus","jufo-2","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320363","host_organization_name":"George A. Smathers Libraries","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320363"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["George A. Smathers Libraries"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Studies in African Linguistics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:65e97289d5aa4d68a86acf6c80991758","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/65e97289d5aa4d68a86acf6c80991758","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Studies in African Linguistics, Vol 30, Iss 1 (2001)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:97aeb8da863141e1826073e9848a5a81","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/97aeb8da863141e1826073e9848a5a81","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Studies in African Linguistics, Vol 30, Iss 1 (2001)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.32473/sal.v30i1.107363","doi":"https://doi.org/10.32473/sal.v30i1.107363","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.32473/sal.v30i1.107363","pdf_url":"https://journals.flvc.org/sal/article/download/107363/102684","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764643167","display_name":"Studies in African Linguistics","issn_l":"0039-3533","issn":["0039-3533","2154-428X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj","erih-plus","jufo-2","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320363","host_organization_name":"George A. Smathers Libraries","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320363"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["George A. Smathers Libraries"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Studies in African Linguistics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"display_name":"Quality education","score":0.7099999785423279,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2754190853.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2754190853.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W13897007","https://openalex.org/W89801642","https://openalex.org/W561595947","https://openalex.org/W1491111530","https://openalex.org/W1497809046","https://openalex.org/W1523255651","https://openalex.org/W1546757086","https://openalex.org/W2307527515","https://openalex.org/W2335141479","https://openalex.org/W2981110765","https://openalex.org/W3046237295","https://openalex.org/W4237595250","https://openalex.org/W4388346042","https://openalex.org/W6600574139","https://openalex.org/W6603654867","https://openalex.org/W6615672614","https://openalex.org/W6629626378","https://openalex.org/W6631464645","https://openalex.org/W6697973846","https://openalex.org/W6702917157","https://openalex.org/W6724871070","https://openalex.org/W6744695069","https://openalex.org/W6768701157","https://openalex.org/W6768712154","https://openalex.org/W6781750155","https://openalex.org/W6792017224","https://openalex.org/W6922438809"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1788044461","https://openalex.org/W2415286590","https://openalex.org/W1580208376","https://openalex.org/W2607855691","https://openalex.org/W2517350833","https://openalex.org/W2561978957","https://openalex.org/W4300493597","https://openalex.org/W2246371077","https://openalex.org/W2953532344","https://openalex.org/W156219719"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Numerous":[0],"Bantu":[1],"languages":[2],"have":[3],"processes":[4,152],"of":[5,10,41,60,82,86,90,101,109,112,119,131,166,169,184,190],"rightward":[6,113,139],"shift":[7,62,74,171,185],"or":[8,29,63,75],"spread":[9,64,76,174],"H":[11,20,71],"tone.":[12],"Sometimes":[13],"the":[14,24,33,55,58,83,87,99,102,126,144,147,150,157,167,182,187],"process":[15,141,168],"is":[16,43,65,92,96],"quite":[17],"simple:":[18],"every":[19],"shifts":[21],"once":[22,31],"to":[23,32],"right":[25,34],"(as":[26,35],"in":[27,36,46,54,107,129,143,186],"Cijita)":[28],"spreads":[30],"Kikerewe).":[37],"The":[38,122],"tonal":[39,84,177],"system":[40,85,128],"Taita":[42,91],"more":[44],"complex":[45],"that":[47,98,146],"both":[48],"shifting":[49],"and":[50,115],"spreading":[51,114],"are":[52,104],"found":[53],"language.":[56],"Furthermore,":[57],"extent":[59],"tone":[61,72,120,127,170,173],"not":[66],"just":[67],"one":[68,137],"syllable;":[69],"sometimes,":[70],"can":[73],"by":[77],"two":[78,110],"syllables.":[79],"An":[80],"analysis":[81],"Dembwa":[88],"dialect":[89],"given":[93],"here.":[94],"It":[95],"argued":[97],"facts":[100],"language":[103],"best":[105],"described":[106],"terms":[108,130],"rules":[111,134],"a":[116,163],"third":[117],"rule":[118],"delinking.":[121],"argument":[123],"for":[124,149],"analyzing":[125],"three":[132,151],"interacting":[133,175],"rather":[135,179],"than":[136,180],"unified":[138],"movement":[140],"resides":[142],"fact":[145],"environments":[148],"only":[153],"overlap":[154],"partially.":[155],"On":[156],"theoretical":[158],"front,":[159],"these":[160],"results":[161],"support":[162],"general":[164],"decomposition":[165],"into":[172],"with":[176],"delinking,":[178],"including":[181],"operation":[183],"formal":[188],"repertoire":[189],"primitive":[191],"phonological":[192],"operations.":[193]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-09-22T06:50:58.402377","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
