{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2749065342","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/children4090080","title":"Vitamin D Deficiency: A Potential Modifiable Risk Factor for Cardiovascular Disease in Children with Severe Obesity","display_name":"Vitamin D Deficiency: A Potential Modifiable Risk Factor for Cardiovascular Disease in Children with Severe Obesity","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-08-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2749065342","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/children4090080","mag":"2749065342","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28846662","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/5615270"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/children4090080","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/children4090080","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/children4090080","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2736895435","display_name":"Children","issn_l":"2227-9067","issn":["2227-9067"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Children","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/children4090080","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002460785","display_name":"Anoop Iqbal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8231-6337","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8231-6337"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1330342723","display_name":"Mayo Clinic","ror":"https://ror.org/02qp3tb03","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330342723"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anoop Iqbal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8231-6337","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1330342723"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090645351","display_name":"AMANDA R. DAHL","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4465-9937","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4465-9937"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1330342723","display_name":"Mayo Clinic","ror":"https://ror.org/02qp3tb03","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330342723"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amanda Dahl","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pediatric and Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pediatric and Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1330342723"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086044600","display_name":"Aida Nadim Lteif","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1330342723","display_name":"Mayo Clinic","ror":"https://ror.org/02qp3tb03","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330342723"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aida Lteif","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1330342723"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091104216","display_name":"Seema Kumar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8004-4924","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8004-4924"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1330342723","display_name":"Mayo Clinic","ror":"https://ror.org/02qp3tb03","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330342723"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Seema Kumar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8004-4924","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1330342723"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5091104216"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1330342723"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2896},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2896},"fwci":3.0072,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":24,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90996452,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"4","issue":"9","first_page":"80","last_page":"80"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10277","display_name":"Vitamin D Research Studies","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2734","display_name":"Pathology and Forensic Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10277","display_name":"Vitamin D Research Studies","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2734","display_name":"Pathology and Forensic Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10010","display_name":"Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12280","display_name":"Magnesium in Health and Disease","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2916","display_name":"Nutrition and Dietetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/29","display_name":"Nursing"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vitamin-d-deficiency","display_name":"vitamin D deficiency","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/severe-childhood-obesity","display_name":"severe childhood obesity","score":0.7450000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/25-hydroxyvitamin-d","display_name":"25-hydroxyvitamin D","score":0.9629999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hdl-cholesterol","display_name":"HDL cholesterol","score":0.9580000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dyslipidemia","display_name":"dyslipidemia","score":0.7889999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cardiovascular-risk","display_name":"cardiovascular risk","score":0.8009999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vitamin-d-supplementation","display_name":"vitamin D supplementation","score":0.824999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/total-cholesterol","display_name":"total cholesterol","score":0.5299999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/non-hdl-cholesterol","display_name":"non-HDL cholesterol","score":0.9869999885559082}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.7683809995651245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.7224401831626892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780221984","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131191","display_name":"Body mass index","level":2,"score":0.6540694236755371},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C511355011","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12174","display_name":"Obesity","level":2,"score":0.6514337062835693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124490489","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7936963","display_name":"Vitamin D and neurology","level":2,"score":0.6210290193557739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134018914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606","display_name":"Endocrinology","level":1,"score":0.5120618939399719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50440223","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1475848","display_name":"Risk factor","level":2,"score":0.5075477361679077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779740938","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4138762","display_name":"vitamin D deficiency","level":3,"score":0.49810314178466797}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/children4090080","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/children4090080","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/children4090080","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2736895435","display_name":"Children","issn_l":"2227-9067","issn":["2227-9067"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Children","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:4538951","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/5615270","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:5615270","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/5615270","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Children (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:28846662","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28846662","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Children (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:6fcacad6a7a04f3baec17f1a69d2bcc3","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/6fcacad6a7a04f3baec17f1a69d2bcc3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Children, Vol 4, Iss 9, p 80 (2017)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/children4090080","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/children4090080","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/children4090080","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2736895435","display_name":"Children","issn_l":"2227-9067","issn":["2227-9067"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Children","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":52,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W44874218","https://openalex.org/W1969237158","https://openalex.org/W1982689124","https://openalex.org/W1983284681","https://openalex.org/W1988155601","https://openalex.org/W1990899261","https://openalex.org/W1996853424","https://openalex.org/W1997582920","https://openalex.org/W2002369085","https://openalex.org/W2021053203","https://openalex.org/W2029000123","https://openalex.org/W2035139971","https://openalex.org/W2040655389","https://openalex.org/W2049268743","https://openalex.org/W2056356114","https://openalex.org/W2058304145","https://openalex.org/W2063500645","https://openalex.org/W2063590557","https://openalex.org/W2077760013","https://openalex.org/W2083809911","https://openalex.org/W2087758994","https://openalex.org/W2107177713","https://openalex.org/W2111740150","https://openalex.org/W2113748378","https://openalex.org/W2118926394","https://openalex.org/W2124070987","https://openalex.org/W2127427274","https://openalex.org/W2129042395","https://openalex.org/W2130113732","https://openalex.org/W2131264460","https://openalex.org/W2134433004","https://openalex.org/W2139192409","https://openalex.org/W2140402044","https://openalex.org/W2141190732","https://openalex.org/W2153059487","https://openalex.org/W2157304718","https://openalex.org/W2158057499","https://openalex.org/W2160710853","https://openalex.org/W2160985613","https://openalex.org/W2166830703","https://openalex.org/W2170322236","https://openalex.org/W2230044011","https://openalex.org/W2262354148","https://openalex.org/W2263052627","https://openalex.org/W2263291541","https://openalex.org/W2272300233","https://openalex.org/W2312070181","https://openalex.org/W2315613231","https://openalex.org/W2419228228","https://openalex.org/W2508745778","https://openalex.org/W2593507275","https://openalex.org/W6601876111"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2783755548","https://openalex.org/W3201828749","https://openalex.org/W2043618884","https://openalex.org/W2346662193","https://openalex.org/W2607438985","https://openalex.org/W4294839771","https://openalex.org/W2084578769","https://openalex.org/W176576068","https://openalex.org/W3000729722","https://openalex.org/W4400882874"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Severe":[0],"obesity":[1],"is":[2,14,204],"associated":[3],"with":[4,35,100,128,139,159,175,177,198,209,235],"abnormal":[5],"lipids":[6,32,60],"and":[7,31,48,59,75,193,226],"increased":[8],"risk":[9,16,229],"for":[10,18,63,230],"cardiovascular":[11,231],"disease.":[12],"Obesity":[13],"a":[15],"factor":[17],"vitamin":[19,27,220],"D":[20,28,202,221],"deficiency.":[21],"We":[22],"examined":[23],"relationship":[24,56],"between":[25,57],"25-hydroxy":[26],"(25(OH)D)":[29],"concentrations":[30,90,161],"in":[33,126,207,233],"children":[34,42,86,127,208,234],"severe":[36,210],"obesity.":[37,211,236],"Medical":[38],"records":[39],"of":[40,67,78,84,95,102,169],"376":[41,85],"were":[43,51,97,195],"reviewed.":[44],"Linear":[45],"regression":[46,50],"models":[47],"logistic":[49],"used":[52],"to":[53,137,217],"examine":[54],"the":[55],"25(OH)D":[58,89,96,129,140,160,178,199],"after":[61],"adjustment":[62],"age,":[64],"gender,":[65],"season":[66],"blood":[68],"draw,":[69],"body":[70],"mass":[71],"index":[72],"(BMI)":[73],"z-score,":[74],"BMI":[76],"%":[77],"95th":[79],"percentile.":[80],"Two-hundred":[81],"sixty-three":[82],"out":[83],"(70%)":[87],"had":[88,165],"<":[91,130,156,162],"30":[92,131,142,163,180],"ng/mL.":[93],"Concentrations":[94],"positively":[98],"correlated":[99,197],"those":[101,138,176],"high-density":[103],"lipoprotein":[104],"cholesterol":[105,192],"(HDL-C)":[106],"(r\u00b2":[107],"=":[108,111,114,118,121,134,145,189],"0.08,":[109],"r":[110],"0.22,":[112],"\u03b2":[113],"0.16,":[115],"95%":[116],"CI":[117],"0.05-0.27,":[119],"p":[120,155,188],"0.004).":[122],"HDL-C":[123,171,225],"was":[124],"lower":[125],"ng/mL":[132,143,164,181],"(n":[133,144],"263)":[135],"compared":[136,174],"\u2265":[141,179],"113)":[146],"(41.3":[147],"\u00b1":[148,152],"10.2":[149],"vs.":[150,183],"46.4":[151],"12":[153],"mg/dL,":[154],"0.0001).":[157],"Children":[158],"greater":[166],"adjusted":[167],"odds":[168],"low":[170],"(<40":[172],"mg/dL)":[173],"(47.9%":[182],"29.2%,":[184],"OR":[185],"2.15":[186],"(1.33-3.51),":[187],"0.0019).":[190],"Total":[191],"non-HDL-C":[194],"not":[196],"concentrations.":[200],"Vitamin":[201],"deficiency":[203],"highly":[205],"prevalent":[206],"Prospective":[212],"clinical":[213],"trials":[214],"are":[215],"warranted":[216],"determine":[218],"if":[219],"supplementation":[222],"can":[223],"improve":[224],"potentially":[227],"decrease":[228],"disease":[232]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-28T10:33:24.094632","created_date":"2017-08-31T00:00:00"}