{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2747640327","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13632434.2017.1366439","title":"Middle leadership in international schools: evidence from Malaysia","display_name":"Middle leadership in international schools: evidence from Malaysia","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-08-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2747640327","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13632434.2017.1366439","mag":"2747640327"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/13632434.2017.1366439","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13632434.2017.1366439","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13632434.2017.1366439","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S99844693","display_name":"School Leadership and Management","issn_l":"1363-2434","issn":["1363-2434","1364-2626"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319847","host_organization_name":"Routledge","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319847","https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Routledge","Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"School Leadership & Management","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://nottingham-repository.worktribe.com/file/878225/1/JAVADI%20ET%20AL%20SL%26M%20PUBLICATION-READY%20COPY.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074622806","display_name":"Vahid Javadi","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142263535","display_name":"University of Nottingham","ror":"https://ror.org/01ee9ar58","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I155043079","display_name":"University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus","ror":"https://ror.org/04mz9mt17","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142263535","https://openalex.org/I155043079"]}],"countries":["GB","MY"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Vahid Javadi","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Education, University of Nottingham, Semenyih, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Education, University of Nottingham, Semenyih, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142263535","https://openalex.org/I155043079"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071077864","display_name":"Tony Bush","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8995-6057","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8995-6057"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142263535","display_name":"University of Nottingham","ror":"https://ror.org/01ee9ar58","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tony Bush","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Education, University of Nottingham (Malaysia & UK), Nottingham, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Education, University of Nottingham (Malaysia & UK), Nottingham, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018990869","display_name":"Ashley Ng","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142263535","display_name":"University of Nottingham","ror":"https://ror.org/01ee9ar58","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I155043079","display_name":"University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus","ror":"https://ror.org/04mz9mt17","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142263535","https://openalex.org/I155043079"]}],"countries":["GB","MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ashley Ng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Education, University of Nottingham, Semenyih, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Education, University of Nottingham, Semenyih, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142263535","https://openalex.org/I155043079"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5074622806"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142263535","https://openalex.org/I155043079"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":14.7625,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":57,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98839365,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"37","issue":"5","first_page":"476","last_page":"499"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10008","display_name":"Teacher Education and Leadership Studies","score":0.7842000126838684,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10008","display_name":"Teacher Education and Leadership Studies","score":0.7842000126838684,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12952","display_name":"School Leadership and Teacher Performance","score":0.14730000495910645,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14483","display_name":"Education and Teacher Training","score":0.033399999141693115,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/middle-leadership","display_name":"middle leadership","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/department-heads","display_name":"department heads","score":0.8709999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/international-schools","display_name":"international schools","score":0.9779999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/instructional-leadership","display_name":"instructional leadership","score":0.7279999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-leadership","display_name":"distributed leadership","score":0.9559999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/teacher-leadership","display_name":"teacher leadership","score":0.9919999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/role-relationships","display_name":"role relationships","score":0.7020000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/secondary-schools","display_name":"secondary schools","score":0.5099999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/malaysia","display_name":"Malaysia","score":0.5479999780654907}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111366508","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5341291","display_name":"Educational leadership","level":2,"score":0.5567634701728821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778456998","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25339345","display_name":"Instructional leadership","level":3,"score":0.5316035747528076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.4770737886428833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197386563","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6508686","display_name":"Leadership style","level":2,"score":0.4658093750476837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.4489558935165405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2994297111","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1056391","display_name":"School administration","level":2,"score":0.4282369017601013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160682292","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q999897","display_name":"Middle management","level":2,"score":0.42124372720718384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.4111919403076172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.3823862373828888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.34922558069229126}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/13632434.2017.1366439","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13632434.2017.1366439","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13632434.2017.1366439","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S99844693","display_name":"School Leadership and Management","issn_l":"1363-2434","issn":["1363-2434","1364-2626"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319847","host_organization_name":"Routledge","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319847","https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Routledge","Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"School Leadership & Management","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:https://nottingham-repository.worktribe.com/:878225","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://nottingham-repository.worktribe.com/output/878225","pdf_url":"https://nottingham-repository.worktribe.com/file/878225/1/JAVADI%20ET%20AL%20SL%26M%20PUBLICATION-READY%20COPY.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402483","display_name":"Repository@Nottingham (University of Nottingham)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I142263535","host_organization_name":"University of Nottingham","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.nottingham.ac.uk:45754","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/13632434.2017.1366439","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"doi:10.60692/anema-qcw53","doi":"https://doi.org/10.60692/anema-qcw53","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.60692/anema-qcw53","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407051682","display_name":"Greater South Information System","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"},{"id":"doi:10.60692/qzbj5-czk98","doi":"https://doi.org/10.60692/qzbj5-czk98","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.60692/qzbj5-czk98","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407051682","display_name":"Greater South Information System","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:https://nottingham-repository.worktribe.com/:878225","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://nottingham-repository.worktribe.com/output/878225","pdf_url":"https://nottingham-repository.worktribe.com/file/878225/1/JAVADI%20ET%20AL%20SL%26M%20PUBLICATION-READY%20COPY.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402483","display_name":"Repository@Nottingham (University of Nottingham)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I142263535","host_organization_name":"University of Nottingham","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Journal Article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality education","score":0.975600004196167,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2747640327.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2747640327.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":57,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W53168996","https://openalex.org/W186362352","https://openalex.org/W351745186","https://openalex.org/W568190833","https://openalex.org/W575179097","https://openalex.org/W1487931991","https://openalex.org/W1503355327","https://openalex.org/W1529796026","https://openalex.org/W1537604812","https://openalex.org/W1557459633","https://openalex.org/W1572121282","https://openalex.org/W1572328000","https://openalex.org/W1588502229","https://openalex.org/W1966715412","https://openalex.org/W1972550752","https://openalex.org/W1975432156","https://openalex.org/W1982238364","https://openalex.org/W1984143921","https://openalex.org/W1988644375","https://openalex.org/W1990050382","https://openalex.org/W1995945562","https://openalex.org/W2018341013","https://openalex.org/W2029997694","https://openalex.org/W2031092692","https://openalex.org/W2042100072","https://openalex.org/W2049828479","https://openalex.org/W2050559944","https://openalex.org/W2055439635","https://openalex.org/W2056552842","https://openalex.org/W2061507166","https://openalex.org/W2068810225","https://openalex.org/W2071051922","https://openalex.org/W2071980852","https://openalex.org/W2079354197","https://openalex.org/W2082880651","https://openalex.org/W2100006532","https://openalex.org/W2110616789","https://openalex.org/W2112452118","https://openalex.org/W2113692746","https://openalex.org/W2125703103","https://openalex.org/W2147164256","https://openalex.org/W2158734821","https://openalex.org/W2159073130","https://openalex.org/W2171541251","https://openalex.org/W2279960007","https://openalex.org/W2335816191","https://openalex.org/W2344768822","https://openalex.org/W2417652867","https://openalex.org/W2479859543","https://openalex.org/W2504347189","https://openalex.org/W2506443961","https://openalex.org/W2753303659","https://openalex.org/W2898411831","https://openalex.org/W3144127399","https://openalex.org/W4236912838","https://openalex.org/W4242206823","https://openalex.org/W4399578091"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2811247517","https://openalex.org/W6889133759","https://openalex.org/W7212414471","https://openalex.org/W2234446200","https://openalex.org/W2603458769","https://openalex.org/W4200034125","https://openalex.org/W7061079120","https://openalex.org/W7117359813","https://openalex.org/W4360921659","https://openalex.org/W6964697478"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"examines":[2],"middle":[3,73,107],"leadership":[4,32,101],"of":[5,8,38,62,117,125],"the":[6,35,72,78,106,111,123],"heads":[7,61],"English,":[9],"maths":[10],"and":[11,31,41,56,66,76,82,109,114,127],"science":[12],"departments":[13],"in":[14,19],"four":[15,67],"international":[16,120],"secondary":[17],"schools":[18,121],"Malaysia.":[20],"It":[21],"focuses":[22],"on":[23],"their":[24],"roles,":[25],"responsibilities,":[26,77],"role":[27,92],"relationships,":[28],"instructional":[29],"engagement":[30],"involvement":[33],"within":[34],"theoretical":[36],"framework":[37],"instructional,":[39],"distributed":[40],"teacher":[42],"leadership.":[43],"The":[44,94],"study":[45],"is":[46,122],"a":[47],"qualitative":[48],"multi-method":[49],"case":[50],"study,":[51],"involving":[52],"observation,":[53],"documentary":[54],"analysis,":[55],"semi-structured":[57],"interviews":[58],"with":[59,86],"12":[60],"department,":[63],"36":[64],"teachers,":[65,110],"principals.":[68],"With":[69],"respect":[70],"to":[71,90],"leaders\u2019":[74],"roles":[75],"findings":[79],"illustrate":[80],"cross-school":[81],"in-school":[83],"differential":[84],"developments,":[85],"contextual":[87],"factors":[88],"contributing":[89],"uneasy":[91],"relationships.":[93],"results":[95],"also":[96],"show":[97],"that,":[98],"while":[99],"broad-based":[100],"opportunities":[102],"are":[103],"limited":[104],"for":[105],"leaders":[108],"most":[112],"powerful":[113],"common":[115],"feature":[116],"all":[118],"these":[119],"centrality":[124],"teaching":[126],"learning.":[128]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2017-08-31T00:00:00"}