{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2746579425","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228637.013.516","title":"Twenty Years of de facto State Studies: Progress, Problems, and Prospects","display_name":"Twenty Years of de facto State Studies: Progress, Problems, and Prospects","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-07-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2746579425","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228637.013.516","mag":"2746579425"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780190228637.013.516","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228637.013.516","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228637.013.516","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306463708","display_name":"Oxford University Press eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Politics","raw_type":"reference-entry"},"volume":{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7143643626","display_name":"Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Politics"},"type":"reference-entry","is_traditional":false,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://scholarworks.indianapolis.iu.edu/bitstreams/ad28efa2-1b10-41cc-ac61-4ab33e5f0288/download","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087744795","display_name":"Scott Pegg","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6505-2050","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6505-2050"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55769427","display_name":"Indiana University \u2013 Purdue University Indianapolis","ror":"https://ror.org/05gxnyn08","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55769427","https://openalex.org/I592451"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Scott Pegg","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Political Science, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Political Science, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55769427"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5087744795"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55769427"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":65,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13086","display_name":"Post-Soviet Geopolitical Dynamics","score":0.9901999831199646,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13086","display_name":"Post-Soviet Geopolitical Dynamics","score":0.9901999831199646,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10070","display_name":"Political Conflict and Governance","score":0.0071000000461936,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12619","display_name":"Political Systems and Governance","score":0.0010000000474974513,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/de-facto-states","display_name":"de facto states","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sovereignty","display_name":"sovereignty","score":0.4059999883174896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/state-recognition","display_name":"state recognition","score":0.6169999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/state-building","display_name":"state building","score":0.7979999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/conflict-resolution","display_name":"conflict resolution","score":0.8320000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/international-system","display_name":"international system","score":0.3499999940395355}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992317946","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q712144","display_name":"De facto","level":2,"score":0.8990999460220337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186229450","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42008","display_name":"Sovereignty","level":3,"score":0.6974532008171082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.588642954826355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.5592978000640869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.5096664428710938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555826173","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7174","display_name":"Democracy","level":3,"score":0.440458208322525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50335755","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483247","display_name":"Phenomenon","level":2,"score":0.4196765422821045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39389867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380767","display_name":"Corporate governance","level":2,"score":0.41174042224884033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138921699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47555","display_name":"Political economy","level":1,"score":0.365440309047699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.3201110363006592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.27620163559913635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.14225518703460693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.12690743803977966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0834740698337555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780190228637.013.516","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228637.013.516","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228637.013.516","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306463708","display_name":"Oxford University Press eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Politics","raw_type":"reference-entry"},{"id":"pmh:oai:scholarworks.indianapolis.iu.edu:1805/17940","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/1805/17940","pdf_url":"https://scholarworks.indianapolis.iu.edu/bitstreams/ad28efa2-1b10-41cc-ac61-4ab33e5f0288/download","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400987","display_name":"IUScholarWorks (Indiana University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I592451","host_organization_name":"Indiana University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I592451"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Author","raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:scholarworks.iupui.edu:1805/17940","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1805/17940","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402593","display_name":"Purdue University Indianapolis (Indiana University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I592451","host_organization_name":"Indiana University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I592451"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Author","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:scholarworks.indianapolis.iu.edu:1805/17940","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/1805/17940","pdf_url":"https://scholarworks.indianapolis.iu.edu/bitstreams/ad28efa2-1b10-41cc-ac61-4ab33e5f0288/download","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400987","display_name":"IUScholarWorks (Indiana University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I592451","host_organization_name":"Indiana University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I592451"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Author","raw_type":"Article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","score":0.9200000166893005,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2746579425.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2746579425.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":68,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W31076299","https://openalex.org/W210707032","https://openalex.org/W398340616","https://openalex.org/W418710243","https://openalex.org/W568490097","https://openalex.org/W578786622","https://openalex.org/W604971951","https://openalex.org/W1482558358","https://openalex.org/W1531999270","https://openalex.org/W1551044857","https://openalex.org/W1578377585","https://openalex.org/W1591326349","https://openalex.org/W1972386317","https://openalex.org/W1977354473","https://openalex.org/W1979884398","https://openalex.org/W1980874910","https://openalex.org/W1982934846","https://openalex.org/W1989046680","https://openalex.org/W1993430955","https://openalex.org/W1998234163","https://openalex.org/W2002764027","https://openalex.org/W2009266701","https://openalex.org/W2016992238","https://openalex.org/W2021897566","https://openalex.org/W2022183040","https://openalex.org/W2026342300","https://openalex.org/W2033048832","https://openalex.org/W2041200510","https://openalex.org/W2041824050","https://openalex.org/W2053510842","https://openalex.org/W2060096445","https://openalex.org/W2066478212","https://openalex.org/W2069167051","https://openalex.org/W2072005742","https://openalex.org/W2073800134","https://openalex.org/W2077026259","https://openalex.org/W2077308202","https://openalex.org/W2083068141","https://openalex.org/W2090220735","https://openalex.org/W2090636322","https://openalex.org/W2094032688","https://openalex.org/W2095402284","https://openalex.org/W2115128823","https://openalex.org/W2115884402","https://openalex.org/W2117221883","https://openalex.org/W2118342772","https://openalex.org/W2123405189","https://openalex.org/W2127004173","https://openalex.org/W2131529155","https://openalex.org/W2143899972","https://openalex.org/W2156440483","https://openalex.org/W2162232073","https://openalex.org/W2176171699","https://openalex.org/W2179298304","https://openalex.org/W2218938480","https://openalex.org/W2224581528","https://openalex.org/W2346032802","https://openalex.org/W2359082726","https://openalex.org/W2407807910","https://openalex.org/W2408500179","https://openalex.org/W2485194956","https://openalex.org/W2494547337","https://openalex.org/W2532771109","https://openalex.org/W2554528632","https://openalex.org/W2617414737","https://openalex.org/W3152441399","https://openalex.org/W4251002207","https://openalex.org/W4255746875"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4311400377","https://openalex.org/W2342862020","https://openalex.org/W2963898763","https://openalex.org/W4313816010","https://openalex.org/W2131529155","https://openalex.org/W2902198715","https://openalex.org/W3189248222","https://openalex.org/W2741485473","https://openalex.org/W4398770182","https://openalex.org/W4205501575"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"It":[1],"has":[2,89,97,127,166,179,202,218,257],"been":[3,167,203],"almost":[4],"20":[5],"years":[6,78],"since":[7,248],"the":[8,14,23,31,76,79,101,105,120,188,238,272,294],"publication":[9],"of":[10,33,53,81,123,148,184,190,207,240,267,296,322],"International":[11],"Society":[12],"and":[13,49,57,72,139,143,159,215,252,309,316],"De":[15],"Facto":[16],"State":[17],"by":[18,198],"Scott":[19],"Pegg":[20],"in":[21,75,170,224,299],"1998,":[22],"first":[24],"book-length":[25],"substantive":[26],"theoretical":[27],"attempt":[28],"to":[29,60,100,131,211,234,261,287,312],"investigate":[30],"phenomenon":[32],"de":[34,66,82,93,124,191,268,275,313],"facto":[35,67,83,94,125,192,269,276,314],"states\u2014secessionist":[36],"entities":[37,242,298],"that":[38,104,243],"control":[39],"territory,":[40],"provide":[41],"governance,":[42],"receive":[43,61],"popular":[44],"support,":[45],"persist":[46],"over":[47,220],"time,":[48],"seek":[50],"widespread":[51],"recognition":[52,103,150,291],"their":[54,136,156],"proclaimed":[55],"sovereignty":[56],"yet":[58],"fail":[59],"it.":[62],"Even":[63],"though":[64],"most":[65,163],"states":[68,126,315],"are":[69,319],"relatively":[70],"small":[71],"fragile":[73],"actors,":[74],"intervening":[77],"study":[80],"or":[84,86,245,264],"contested":[85],"unrecognized":[87,297],"statehood":[88],"expanded":[90],"dramatically.":[91],"The":[92,250],"state":[95,193,277,307],"literature":[96,256],"contributed":[98],"significantly":[99],"growing":[102],"international":[106,300],"system":[107],"is":[108,113,195],"far":[109],"more":[110],"variegated":[111],"than":[112],"commonly":[114],"perceived.":[115],"An":[116],"initial":[117],"focus":[118,134,304],"on":[119,135,144,175,237,305],"external":[121],"relations":[122],"increasingly":[128],"given":[129],"way":[130],"a":[132,146,231,302],"newer":[133],"internal":[137],"dynamics":[138],"domestic":[140],"state-building":[141],"processes":[142],"how":[145,288],"lack":[147],"sovereign":[149],"conditions":[151],"but":[152],"does":[153],"not":[154],"prohibit":[155],"democratic,":[157],"institutional,":[158],"political":[160],"development.":[161],"Perhaps":[162],"notably,":[164],"there":[165,229],"an":[168,204],"explosion":[169],"detailed":[171],"empirical":[172],"research":[173],"based":[174],"original":[176],"data,":[177],"which":[178],"greatly":[180],"enriched":[181],"our":[182],"understanding":[183,266],"these":[185,213,241],"entities.":[186],"Alas,":[187],"subfield":[189],"studies":[194,278],"also":[196,258],"characterized":[197],"recurrent":[199],"problems.":[200],"There":[201],"extensive":[205],"proliferation":[206],"different":[208],"terms":[209],"used":[210],"describe":[212],"entities,":[214],"much":[216],"fighting":[217],"erupted":[219],"precise":[221],"definitions,":[222],"resulting":[223],"limited":[225],"scholarly":[226,324],"progress.":[227],"Fundamentally,":[228],"remains":[230],"continued":[232],"failure":[233],"reach":[235],"agreement":[236],"number":[239],"exist":[244],"have":[246],"existed":[247],"1945.":[249],"nuanced":[251],"empirically":[253],"rich":[254],"academic":[255],"largely":[259],"failed":[260],"advance":[262],"journalists":[263],"policymakers\u2019":[265],"states.":[270],"Yet,":[271],"prospects":[273],"for":[274],"remain":[279],"bright.":[280],"More":[281],"diverse":[282],"comparative":[283],"work,":[284],"renewed":[285,303],"attention":[286,311],"engagement":[289],"without":[290],"might":[292],"facilitate":[293],"participation":[295],"politics,":[301],"parent":[306],"strategies,":[308],"increased":[310],"conflict":[317],"resolution":[318],"areas":[320],"deserving":[321],"greater":[323],"attention.":[325]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2017-08-31T00:00:00"}
