{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2743674937","doi":"https://doi.org/10.25007/ajnu.v6n3a78","title":"Using Swarm Intelligence for solving NPHard Problems","display_name":"Using Swarm Intelligence for solving NPHard Problems","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2743674937","doi":"https://doi.org/10.25007/ajnu.v6n3a78","mag":"2743674937"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.25007/ajnu.v6n3a78","doi":"https://doi.org/10.25007/ajnu.v6n3a78","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.25007/ajnu.v6n3a78","pdf_url":"http://journals.nawroz.edu.krd/index.php/ajnu/article/download/78/17","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210195848","display_name":"Academic Journal of Nawroz University","issn_l":"2520-789X","issn":["2520-789X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210146391","host_organization_name":"Nawroz University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210146391"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Academic Journal of Nawroz University","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"http://journals.nawroz.edu.krd/index.php/ajnu/article/download/78/17","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006889663","display_name":"Saman M. Almufti","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1843-745X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1843-745X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210146391","display_name":"Nawroz University","ror":"https://ror.org/04gp75d48","country_code":"IQ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210146391"]}],"countries":["IQ"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Saman Almufti","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science , College of Computer & Information Technology , Nawroz University , Duhok , Iraq","Department of Computer science, College of Computer Science and IT, Nawroz University, Duhok, Kurdistan Region - Iraq"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science , College of Computer & Information Technology , Nawroz University , Duhok , Iraq","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210146391"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer science, College of Computer Science and IT, Nawroz University, Duhok, Kurdistan Region - Iraq","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210146391"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5006889663"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210146391"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.4426,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":49,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84558056,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":"3","first_page":"46","last_page":"50"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10100","display_name":"Metaheuristic Optimization Algorithms Research","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10100","display_name":"Metaheuristic Optimization Algorithms Research","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10567","display_name":"Vehicle Routing Optimization Methods","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12784","display_name":"Modular Robots and Swarm Intelligence","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/swarm-intelligence","display_name":"swarm intelligence","score":0.9909999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/np-hard-problems","display_name":"NP-hard problems","score":0.9800000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/traveling-salesman-problem","display_name":"traveling salesman problem","score":0.972000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/particle-swarm-optimization","display_name":"particle swarm optimization","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-bee-colony-algorithm","display_name":"artificial bee colony algorithm","score":0.9480000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bat-algorithm","display_name":"bat algorithm","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ant-colony-optimization","display_name":"ant colony optimization","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metaheuristic-optimization","display_name":"metaheuristic optimization","score":0.734000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/combinatorial-optimization","display_name":"combinatorial optimization","score":0.8270000219345093}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119487961","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q863960","display_name":"Swarm intelligence","level":3,"score":0.8456476330757141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40128228","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q460851","display_name":"Ant colony optimization algorithms","level":2,"score":0.7546741962432861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175859090","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q322212","display_name":"Travelling salesman problem","level":2,"score":0.7003411054611206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181335050","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14915018","display_name":"Swarm behaviour","level":2,"score":0.6096907258033752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.5924851894378662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85617194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2072794","display_name":"Particle swarm optimization","level":2,"score":0.5717471837997437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5603101849555969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28767586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7135006","display_name":"Parallel metaheuristic","level":4,"score":0.5118202567100525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109718341","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1385229","display_name":"Metaheuristic","level":2,"score":0.4928164780139923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173801870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201413","display_name":"Heuristic","level":2,"score":0.44814109802246094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60891933","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q796575","display_name":"Ant colony","level":3,"score":0.4115179777145386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122357587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6934508","display_name":"Multi-swarm optimization","level":3,"score":0.364470899105072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3397493362426758},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.28355467319488525}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.25007/ajnu.v6n3a78","doi":"https://doi.org/10.25007/ajnu.v6n3a78","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.25007/ajnu.v6n3a78","pdf_url":"http://journals.nawroz.edu.krd/index.php/ajnu/article/download/78/17","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210195848","display_name":"Academic Journal of Nawroz University","issn_l":"2520-789X","issn":["2520-789X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210146391","host_organization_name":"Nawroz University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210146391"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Academic Journal of Nawroz University","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:figshare.com:article/6790445","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Using_Swarm_Intelligence_for_solving_NP-Hard_Problems/6790445","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196282","display_name":"Figshare","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210132348","host_organization_name":"Figshare (United Kingdom)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132348"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.6790445.v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.6790445.v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.6790445.v1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196282","display_name":"Figshare","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210132348","host_organization_name":"Figshare (United Kingdom)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132348"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.25007/ajnu.v6n3a78","doi":"https://doi.org/10.25007/ajnu.v6n3a78","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.25007/ajnu.v6n3a78","pdf_url":"http://journals.nawroz.edu.krd/index.php/ajnu/article/download/78/17","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210195848","display_name":"Academic Journal of Nawroz University","issn_l":"2520-789X","issn":["2520-789X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210146391","host_organization_name":"Nawroz University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210146391"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Academic Journal of Nawroz University","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2743674937.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2743674937.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1582178792","https://openalex.org/W1990313671","https://openalex.org/W1999077811","https://openalex.org/W2007082609","https://openalex.org/W2013205100","https://openalex.org/W2086917808","https://openalex.org/W2107941094","https://openalex.org/W2126554879","https://openalex.org/W2131235969","https://openalex.org/W2143560894","https://openalex.org/W2163428398","https://openalex.org/W2165299997","https://openalex.org/W2188184810","https://openalex.org/W2273576602","https://openalex.org/W2543580944","https://openalex.org/W2613176274","https://openalex.org/W2963103847","https://openalex.org/W6601462914"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4385491141","https://openalex.org/W3165401034","https://openalex.org/W6968614656","https://openalex.org/W2030966214","https://openalex.org/W1853029893","https://openalex.org/W3109488177","https://openalex.org/W197713504","https://openalex.org/W6987534624","https://openalex.org/W3107633288","https://openalex.org/W3035246750"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Swarm":[0,31,94,100],"Intelligence":[1,32,95],"algorithms":[2,6,33,96],"are":[3,34,45,98,136],"computational":[4,133],"intelligence":[5],"inspired":[7],"from":[8],"the":[9,29,38,80,127,143],"collective":[10],"behavior":[11],"of":[12,126],"real":[13],"swarms":[14,27],"such":[15],"as":[16],"ant":[17],"colony,":[18,22],"fish":[19],"school,":[20],"bee":[21],"bat":[23],"swarm,":[24],"and":[25,77,110,151],"other":[26],"in":[28,55,68,83,132],"nature.":[30],"used":[35],"to":[36,73,79,116],"obtain":[37],"optimal":[39,50,57,85],"solution":[40,51,120],"for":[41,121,138],"NP-Hard":[42,66,130],"problems":[43,131,141],"that":[44,48],"strongly":[46],"believed":[47],"their":[49],"cannot":[52],"be":[53],"found":[54],"an":[56,65,84],"bounded":[58],"time.":[59,86],"Travels":[60],"Salesman":[61],"Problem":[62],"(TSP)":[63],"is":[64,124],"problem":[67],"which":[69,97,123],"a":[70,118],"salesman":[71],"wants":[72],"visit":[74],"all":[75],"cities":[76],"return":[78],"start":[81],"city":[82],"This":[87],"article":[88],"applies":[89],"most":[90,128],"efficient":[91],"heuristic":[92],"based":[93],"Particle":[99],"Optimization":[101,113],"(PSO),":[102],"Artificial":[103],"Bee":[104],"Colony":[105,112],"(ABC),":[106],"Bat":[107],"algorithm":[108,115],"(BA),":[109],"Ant":[111],"(ACO)":[114],"find":[117],"best":[119,144],"TSP":[122,140],"one":[125],"well-known":[129],"optimization.":[134],"Results":[135],"given":[137],"different":[139],"comparing":[142],"tours":[145],"founds":[146],"by":[147],"BA,":[148],"ABC,":[149],"PSO":[150],"ACO.":[152]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2017-08-17T00:00:00"}
