{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2743632060","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/itherm.2017.7992457","title":"Microchannel cooling strategies for high heat flux (1 kW/cm2) power electronic applications","display_name":"Microchannel cooling strategies for high heat flux (1 kW/cm2) power electronic applications","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2743632060","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/itherm.2017.7992457","mag":"2743632060"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/itherm.2017.7992457","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/itherm.2017.7992457","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/itherm.2017.7992457","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210169055","display_name":"I-THERM :/I-THERM - Intersociety Conference on Thermal Phenomena in Electronic Systems","issn_l":"1087-9870","issn":["1087-9870","2577-0799"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2017 16th IEEE Intersociety Conference on Thermal and Thermomechanical Phenomena in Electronic Systems (ITherm)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"volume":null,"type":"conference-paper","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102399374","display_name":"Ki Wook Jung","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ki Wook Jung","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mechanical Engineering Department, Stanford University, Stanford, CA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mechanical Engineering Department, Stanford University, Stanford, CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072100058","display_name":"Chirag R. Kharangate","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7636-7296","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7636-7296"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chirag R. Kharangate","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mechanical Engineering Department, Stanford University, Stanford, CA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mechanical Engineering Department, Stanford University, Stanford, CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042274683","display_name":"Hyoungsoon Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5961-6393","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5961-6393"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hyoungsoon Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical Engineering, Chunz-Anz University, Seoul, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical Engineering, Chunz-Anz University, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090409794","display_name":"James W. Palko","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0810-4982","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0810-4982"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"James Palko","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mechanical Engineering Department, Stanford University, Stanford, CA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mechanical Engineering Department, Stanford University, Stanford, CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022112815","display_name":"Feng Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7464-2266","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7464-2266"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405261461","display_name":"Toyota Motor North America Research & Development (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/05b5jha84","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210093665","https://openalex.org/I4210125472","https://openalex.org/I4210137853","https://openalex.org/I4405261461"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Feng Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Toyota Research Institute of North America, Ann Arbor, MI"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Toyota Research Institute of North America, Ann Arbor, MI","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405261461"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017971510","display_name":"Mehdi Asheghi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2991-8523","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2991-8523"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mehdi Asheghi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mechanical Engineering Department, Stanford University, Stanford, CA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mechanical Engineering Department, Stanford University, Stanford, CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019960981","display_name":"Ercan M. Dede","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6740-5916","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6740-5916"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405261461","display_name":"Toyota Motor North America Research & Development (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/05b5jha84","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210093665","https://openalex.org/I4210125472","https://openalex.org/I4210137853","https://openalex.org/I4405261461"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ercan M. Dede","raw_affiliation_strings":["Toyota Research Institute of North America, Ann Arbor, MI"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Toyota Research Institute of North America, Ann Arbor, MI","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405261461"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014762439","display_name":"Kenneth E. Goodson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6875-6785","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6875-6785"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kenneth E. Goodson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mechanical Engineering Department, Stanford University, Stanford, CA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mechanical Engineering Department, Stanford University, Stanford, CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":7.2115,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":39,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97732961,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"98","last_page":"104"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10850","display_name":"Heat Transfer and Boiling Studies","score":0.6615999937057495,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10850","display_name":"Heat Transfer and Boiling Studies","score":0.6615999937057495,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10998","display_name":"Heat Transfer and Optimization","score":0.33230000734329224,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12567","display_name":"Heat transfer and supercritical fluids","score":0.0015999999595806003,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microchannel-cooling","display_name":"microchannel cooling","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/high-heat-flux","display_name":"high heat flux","score":0.9200000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power-electronics-packaging","display_name":"power electronics packaging","score":0.7979999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wide-bandgap-semiconductors","display_name":"wide bandgap semiconductors","score":0.9779999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/silicon-carbide","display_name":"silicon carbide","score":0.9929999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gallium-nitride","display_name":"gallium nitride","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/two-phase-cooling","display_name":"two-phase cooling","score":0.8140000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/water-cooling","display_name":"water cooling","score":0.5929999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-microchannels","display_name":"embedded microchannels","score":0.7459999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermal-resistance","display_name":"thermal resistance","score":0.6669999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pressure-drop","display_name":"pressure drop","score":0.9100000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/junction-temperature","display_name":"junction temperature","score":0.5270000100135803}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167781694","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6311800","display_name":"Junction temperature","level":3,"score":0.6763562560081482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.6391626000404358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63662833","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6839341","display_name":"Microchannel","level":2,"score":0.6103489398956299},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11026015","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840551","display_name":"Computer cooling","level":3,"score":0.5947636365890503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137693562","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899628","display_name":"Thermal resistance","level":3,"score":0.5264376401901245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159188206","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1478382","display_name":"Heat flux","level":3,"score":0.47928136587142944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.4709796905517578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186937647","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1796959","display_name":"Heat sink","level":2,"score":0.4567505121231079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7694927","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7667810","display_name":"Water cooling","level":2,"score":0.4393315315246582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780722187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q412356","display_name":"Silicon carbide","level":2,"score":0.43378445506095886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.42788854241371155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778952998","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17010280","display_name":"Electronics cooling","level":3,"score":0.4222317337989807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.23549208045005798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204530211","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q752823","display_name":"Thermal","level":2,"score":0.23358425498008728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50517652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179635","display_name":"Heat transfer","level":2,"score":0.2191195785999298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171250308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468","display_name":"Nanotechnology","level":1,"score":0.21037361025810242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.18776878714561462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.12490054965019226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.11459067463874817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.09784141182899475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114834414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15477170","display_name":"Thermal management of electronic devices and systems","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/itherm.2017.7992457","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/itherm.2017.7992457","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/itherm.2017.7992457","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210169055","display_name":"I-THERM :/I-THERM - Intersociety Conference on Thermal Phenomena in Electronic Systems","issn_l":"1087-9870","issn":["1087-9870","2577-0799"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2017 16th IEEE Intersociety Conference on Thermal and Thermomechanical Phenomena in Electronic Systems (ITherm)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.75,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320316783","display_name":"Toyota Research Institute, North America","ror":"https://ror.org/05b5jha84"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W420789983","https://openalex.org/W1410968903","https://openalex.org/W1970071370","https://openalex.org/W1972262340","https://openalex.org/W1975116394","https://openalex.org/W1985187828","https://openalex.org/W1993975842","https://openalex.org/W2003036392","https://openalex.org/W2003878330","https://openalex.org/W2008950158","https://openalex.org/W2017601290","https://openalex.org/W2029470019","https://openalex.org/W2030461728","https://openalex.org/W2034944549","https://openalex.org/W2037580845","https://openalex.org/W2040671971","https://openalex.org/W2042180823","https://openalex.org/W2069246337","https://openalex.org/W2070459320","https://openalex.org/W2076752518","https://openalex.org/W2093779916","https://openalex.org/W2102551174","https://openalex.org/W2119008532","https://openalex.org/W2125156210","https://openalex.org/W2156239884","https://openalex.org/W2156259175","https://openalex.org/W2275573239","https://openalex.org/W2341822376","https://openalex.org/W2555173122","https://openalex.org/W2566048206","https://openalex.org/W2743908966","https://openalex.org/W4388250398","https://openalex.org/W6659743533","https://openalex.org/W6674574716"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2901693299","https://openalex.org/W4312873123","https://openalex.org/W7161774881","https://openalex.org/W4414214718","https://openalex.org/W2081742180","https://openalex.org/W7155535007","https://openalex.org/W3044893526","https://openalex.org/W3011590968","https://openalex.org/W3085209619","https://openalex.org/W2971263835"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,167],"wide":[1],"band-gap":[2],"(WBG)":[3],"semiconductor":[4],"electronics":[5,21],"such":[6],"as":[7,118],"silicon":[8],"carbide":[9],"(SiC)":[10],"and":[11,34,50,100,113,152,164,188,203],"gallium":[12],"nitride":[13],"(GaN)":[14],"are":[15,116],"becoming":[16],"more":[17],"popular":[18],"in":[19,35,70],"power":[20],"applications":[22],"due":[23],"to":[24,40,55,72,90,137,180],"their":[25],"excellent":[26],"functionality":[27],"at":[28],"higher":[29,48],"operating":[30],"temperatures,":[31],"powers,":[32],"frequencies":[33],"high":[36],"radiation":[37],"environments":[38],"compared":[39],"Si":[41],"devices.":[42],"However,":[43],"the":[44,60,74,92,105,138,149,178,182],"continued":[45],"drive":[46],"for":[47,193],"device":[49,75,139,150],"packaging":[51,98],"densities":[52],"has":[53,177],"led":[54],"extreme":[56],"heat":[57],"fluxes":[58],"on":[59,104],"order":[61,71,83],"of":[62,94,108],"1":[63],"kW/cm2that":[64],"requires":[65],"aggressive":[66],"microchannel":[67],"cooling":[68,106,110,127],"strategies":[69],"maintain":[73],"junction":[76],"temperature":[77],"below":[78],"acceptable":[79],"limits.":[80],"A":[81],"reduced":[82],"single/two":[84],"phase":[85],"thermal-fluidic":[86],"model":[87],"is":[88],"developed":[89],"investigate":[91],"effect":[93],"micro-channel":[95,134],"geometry":[96],"parameters,":[97],"materials":[99],"fluid":[101,176],"flow":[102,194],"conditions":[103],"performance":[107],"various":[109],"strategies.":[111],"Water":[112],"R245fa":[114,174],"refrigerant":[115],"used":[117],"singleand":[119],"two-phase":[120],"working":[121,175],"fluids,":[122],"respectively.":[123],"We":[124],"consider":[125],"three":[126],"strategies:":[128],"\u00b7":[129,141,153],"Design":[130,142,154],"A:":[131],"copper":[132],"cold-plate":[133],"module":[135],"bonded":[136],"substrate":[140,151],"B:":[143],"embedded":[144,156,169],"micro-channels":[145,157,170],"directly":[146],"etched":[147],"into":[148],"C:":[155],"with":[158,162,171,173],"a":[159],"3D":[160],"manifold":[161],"inlet":[163],"outlet":[165],"module.":[166],"proposed":[168],"3D-manifold":[172],"potential":[179],"achieve":[181],"lowest":[183],"thermal":[184],"resistance":[185],"~0.07":[186],"K/W":[187],"pressure":[189],"drop":[190],"~10":[191],"kPa":[192],"rate":[195],"Q":[196],"~":[197],"0.21":[198],"l/min":[199],"(Tin=":[200],"90":[201],"\u00b0C)":[202],"exit":[204],"quality":[205],"x":[206],"=":[207],"0.44.":[208]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-06T10:28:23.643775","created_date":"2017-08-17T00:00:00"}
