{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2743499154","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.2017-0064","title":"Case Study: Unfavorable But Transient Physiological Changes During Contest Preparation in a Drug-Free Male Bodybuilder","display_name":"Case Study: Unfavorable But Transient Physiological Changes During Contest Preparation in a Drug-Free Male Bodybuilder","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-08-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2743499154","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.2017-0064","mag":"2743499154","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28770669"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1123/ijsnem.2017-0064","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.2017-0064","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.2017-0064","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S54215592","display_name":"International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism","issn_l":"1526-484X","issn":["1526-484X","1543-2742"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310322142","host_organization_name":"Human Kinetics","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310322142"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Human Kinetics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009618680","display_name":"Andrew Pardue","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrew Pardue","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078768848","display_name":"Eric T. Trexler","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-1739-0555","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0009-1739-0555"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eric T. Trexler","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013033965","display_name":"Lisa K. Sprod","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lisa K. Sprod","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.8341,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":54,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92667382,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"27","issue":"6","first_page":"550","last_page":"559"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10157","display_name":"Sports Performance and Training","score":0.2858999967575073,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2732","display_name":"Orthopedics and Sports Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10157","display_name":"Sports Performance and Training","score":0.2858999967575073,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2732","display_name":"Orthopedics and Sports Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11146","display_name":"Hormonal and reproductive studies","score":0.27810001373291016,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10489","display_name":"Regulation of Appetite and Obesity","score":0.19200000166893005,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2807","display_name":"Endocrine and Autonomic Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/competitive-bodybuilding","display_name":"competitive bodybuilding","score":0.8270000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/testosterone","display_name":"testosterone","score":0.6150000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/triiodothyronine","display_name":"triiodothyronine","score":0.871999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thyroxine","display_name":"thyroxine","score":0.9940000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cortisol","display_name":"cortisol","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ghrelin","display_name":"ghrelin","score":0.8759999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leptin","display_name":"leptin","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resting-metabolic-rate","display_name":"resting metabolic rate","score":0.9620000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anaerobic-power","display_name":"anaerobic power","score":0.9300000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/body-composition","display_name":"body composition","score":0.7910000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/caloric-restriction","display_name":"caloric restriction","score":0.6970000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sleep-quality","display_name":"sleep quality","score":0.9200000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hormonal-profile","display_name":"hormonal profile","score":0.5260000228881836}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2910497653","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1318776","display_name":"Free testosterone","level":5,"score":0.551981508731842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134018914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606","display_name":"Endocrinology","level":1,"score":0.5258123278617859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.5101285576820374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778288131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327362","display_name":"Triiodothyronine","level":3,"score":0.5013031959533691},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82736064","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q623293","display_name":"Basal metabolic rate","level":2,"score":0.500220775604248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779357093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q422269","display_name":"Ghrelin","level":3,"score":0.48619431257247925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.47388380765914917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779279991","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6058681","display_name":"Testosterone (patch)","level":2,"score":0.47127267718315125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776245837","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25053505","display_name":"Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index","level":4,"score":0.45907163619995117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140793950","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q168091","display_name":"Animal science","level":1,"score":0.45359107851982117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5140985","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483866","display_name":"Anaerobic exercise","level":2,"score":0.4363309442996979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.3457072973251343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71315377","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11364","display_name":"Hormone","level":2,"score":0.28521230816841125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42407357","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q521","display_name":"Physiology","level":1,"score":0.2514643669128418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983189541","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35831","display_name":"Sleep quality","level":3,"score":0.20528748631477356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.1636573076248169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30092816","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q419613","display_name":"Sex hormone-binding globulin","level":4,"score":0.12357264757156372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98274493","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128406","display_name":"Pharmacology","level":1,"score":0.08644360303878784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777911890","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q62614","display_name":"Androgen","level":3,"score":0.08072319626808167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781210498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1869874","display_name":"Insomnia","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D001481","descriptor_name":"Basal Metabolism","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001823","descriptor_name":"Body Composition","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001835","descriptor_name":"Body Weight","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002149","descriptor_name":"Energy Intake","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003163","descriptor_name":"Competitive Behavior","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012890","descriptor_name":"Sleep","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013739","descriptor_name":"Testosterone","qualifier_ui":"Q000097","qualifier_name":"blood","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014284","descriptor_name":"Triiodothyronine","qualifier_ui":"Q000097","qualifier_name":"blood","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015502","descriptor_name":"Absorptiometry, Photon","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D055070","descriptor_name":"Resistance Training","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D055815","descriptor_name":"Young Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D056044","descriptor_name":"Actigraphy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D056352","descriptor_name":"Athletes","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D064133","descriptor_name":"Sports Nutritional Physiological Phenomena","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1123/ijsnem.2017-0064","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.2017-0064","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.2017-0064","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S54215592","display_name":"International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism","issn_l":"1526-484X","issn":["1526-484X","1543-2742"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310322142","host_organization_name":"Human Kinetics","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310322142"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Human Kinetics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:28770669","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28770669","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International journal of sport nutrition and exercise metabolism","raw_type":"Case Reports"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.9763000011444092,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/case-report","display_name":"Case Report"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3185980718","https://openalex.org/W7030287965","https://openalex.org/W4375949967","https://openalex.org/W2791762432","https://openalex.org/W4405814323","https://openalex.org/W3019440216","https://openalex.org/W4404319488","https://openalex.org/W3083020748","https://openalex.org/W2606310633","https://openalex.org/W4402436162"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Extreme":[0],"body":[1,140],"composition":[2,65],"demands":[3],"of":[4,29,139,172,176],"competitive":[5,41],"bodybuilding":[6],"have":[7],"been":[8],"associated":[9],"with":[10,224],"unfavorable":[11,211,232],"physiological":[12,198],"changes,":[13],"including":[14],"alterations":[15],"in":[16,213],"metabolic":[17,77],"rate":[18,78],"and":[19,57,75,94,106,115,150,159,169,219,234],"endocrine":[20,214],"profile.":[21],"The":[22,120],"current":[23],"case":[24],"study":[25],"evaluated":[26],"the":[27,62,88],"effects":[28],"contest":[30],"preparation":[31,207],"(8":[32],"months),":[33,38],"followed":[34],"by":[35],"recovery":[36,236],"(5":[37],"on":[39],"a":[40],"drug-free":[42],"male":[43],"bodybuilder":[44],"over":[45],"13":[46],"months":[47],"(M1-M13).":[48],"Serum":[49],"testosterone,":[50],"triiodothyronine":[51],"(T3),":[52],"thyroxine":[53],"(T4),":[54],"cortisol,":[55],"leptin,":[56],"ghrelin":[58,116],"were":[59,80,143,156,200],"measured":[60],"throughout":[61,180],"study.":[63],"Body":[64],"(BodPod,":[66],"dualenergy":[67],"x-ray":[68],"absorptiometry":[69],"[DXA]),":[70],"anaerobic":[71,163],"power":[72,164,216],"(Wingate":[73],"test),":[74],"resting":[76],"(RMR)":[79],"assessed":[81,85],"monthly.":[82],"Sleep":[83,90],"was":[84],"monthly":[86],"via":[87],"Pittsburgh":[89],"Quality":[91],"Index":[92],"(PSQI)":[93],"actigraphy.":[95],"From":[96],"M1":[97,187],"to":[98,134,166,174,188],"M8,":[99,149,189],"testosterone":[100],"(623\u2013173":[101],"ng\u2219dL-1),":[102,105],"T3":[103],"(123\u201340":[104],"T4":[107],"(5.8\u20134.1":[108],"mg\u2219dL-1)":[109,114],"decreased,":[110],"while":[111],"cortisol":[112],"(25.2\u201326.5":[113],"(383\u2013822":[117],"pg\u2219mL-1)":[118],"increased.":[119],"participant":[121],"lost":[122],"9.1":[123],"kg":[124],"before":[125],"competition":[126],"as":[127],"typical":[128],"energy":[129],"intake":[130],"dropped":[131],"from":[132,186],"3,860":[133],"1,724":[135],"kcal\u2219day-1;":[136],"BodPod":[137],"estimates":[138,155],"fat":[141],"percentage":[142],"13.4%":[144],"at":[145,148,152],"M1,":[146],"9.6%":[147],"14.9%":[151],"M13;":[153],"DXA":[154],"13.8%,":[157,160],"5.1%,":[158],"respectively.":[161],"Peak":[162],"(753.0":[165],"536.5":[167],"Watts)":[168],"RMR":[170],"(107.2%":[171],"predicted":[173],"81.2%":[175],"predicted)":[177],"also":[178],"decreased":[179,185],"preparation.":[181],"Subjective":[182],"sleep":[183,221],"quality":[184],"but":[190,202],"objective":[191],"measures":[192],"indicated":[193],"minimal":[194],"change.":[195],"By":[196],"M13,":[197],"changes":[199,212],"largely,":[201],"not":[203],"entirely,":[204],"reversed.":[205],"Contest":[206],"may":[208],"yield":[209],"transient,":[210],"profile,":[215],"output,":[217],"RMR,":[218],"subjective":[220],"outcomes.":[222],"Research":[223],"larger":[225],"samples":[226],"must":[227],"identify":[228],"strategies":[229],"that":[230],"minimize":[231],"adaptations":[233],"facilitate":[235],"following":[237],"competition.":[238]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2017-08-17T00:00:00"}