{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2741449423","doi":null,"title":"Contemporary Reviews in Cardiovascular Medicine Nitrate Therapy New Aspects Concerning Molecular Action and Tolerance","display_name":"Contemporary Reviews in Cardiovascular Medicine Nitrate Therapy New Aspects Concerning Molecular Action and Tolerance","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2741449423","mag":"2741449423"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:2741449423","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Thomas_Munzel/publication/51130999_Nitrate_Therapy_New_Aspects_Concerning_Molecular_Action_and_Tolerance/links/558a956908ae50d602c889ca.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113521673","display_name":"Thomas F. M\u00fcnzel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5503-4150","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5503-4150"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thomas M\u00fcnzel","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039361810","display_name":"Andreas Daiber","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2769-0094","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2769-0094"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andreas Daiber","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2769-0094","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088608614","display_name":"Tommaso Gori","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2917-6707","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2917-6707"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tommaso Gori","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2917-6707","affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10155","display_name":"Nitric Oxide and Endothelin Effects","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology (medical)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10155","display_name":"Nitric Oxide and Endothelin Effects","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology (medical)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10924","display_name":"Cardiovascular Health and Disease Prevention","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12910","display_name":"Eicosanoids and Hypertension Pharmacology","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1303","display_name":"Biochemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nitrate-therapy","display_name":"nitrate therapy","score":0.8180000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nitrate-tolerance","display_name":"nitrate tolerance","score":0.8849999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/endothelial-dysfunction","display_name":"endothelial dysfunction","score":0.843999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reactive-oxygen-species","display_name":"reactive oxygen species","score":0.949999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oxidative-stress","display_name":"oxidative stress","score":0.9800000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nitroglycerin","display_name":"nitroglycerin","score":0.8659999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/isosorbide-mononitrate","display_name":"isosorbide mononitrate","score":0.9900000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nitric-oxide-donors","display_name":"nitric oxide donors","score":0.8240000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ace-inhibitors","display_name":"ACE inhibitors","score":0.8450000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beta-blockers","display_name":"beta-blockers","score":0.9139999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statins","display_name":"statins","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/folic-acid","display_name":"folic acid","score":0.8960000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vitamin-c","display_name":"vitamin C","score":0.9750000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neurohormonal-activation","display_name":"neurohormonal activation","score":0.7829999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intravascular-volume-expansion","display_name":"intravascular volume expansion","score":0.7720000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vasoconstrictor-sensitivity","display_name":"vasoconstrictor sensitivity","score":0.6940000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cardiovascular-prognosis","display_name":"cardiovascular prognosis","score":0.5}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.6657310724258423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C519581460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207843","display_name":"Nitric oxide","level":2,"score":0.664419949054718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120770815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14859627","display_name":"Vasodilation","level":2,"score":0.5917568802833557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780972559","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q550061","display_name":"Endothelial dysfunction","level":2,"score":0.5287052392959595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908929049","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q65963433","display_name":"Angiotensin II","level":3,"score":0.48840826749801636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778198053","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181754","display_name":"Heart failure","level":2,"score":0.4659688472747803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776151105","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q898814","display_name":"Oxidative stress","level":2,"score":0.42348712682724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48349386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q424361","display_name":"Reactive oxygen species","level":2,"score":0.4117025136947632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164705383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10379","display_name":"Cardiology","level":1,"score":0.3894440531730652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.37634533643722534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98274493","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128406","display_name":"Pharmacology","level":1,"score":0.336545467376709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84393581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82642","display_name":"Blood pressure","level":2,"score":0.27093565464019775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.1616707146167755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.08193060755729675}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:2741449423","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Thomas_Munzel/publication/51130999_Nitrate_Therapy_New_Aspects_Concerning_Molecular_Action_and_Tolerance/links/558a956908ae50d602c889ca.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.9537000060081482}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":116,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W55064188","https://openalex.org/W63553648","https://openalex.org/W122911713","https://openalex.org/W163515010","https://openalex.org/W177652822","https://openalex.org/W1411035298","https://openalex.org/W1589972777","https://openalex.org/W1901865480","https://openalex.org/W1903476802","https://openalex.org/W1966001744","https://openalex.org/W1968678717","https://openalex.org/W1968878031","https://openalex.org/W1969111543","https://openalex.org/W1971127412","https://openalex.org/W1971257879","https://openalex.org/W1971854671","https://openalex.org/W1972705845","https://openalex.org/W1972866674","https://openalex.org/W1974850809","https://openalex.org/W1975365056","https://openalex.org/W1978556098","https://openalex.org/W1981533247","https://openalex.org/W1981923569","https://openalex.org/W1984248420","https://openalex.org/W1988717572","https://openalex.org/W1998821592","https://openalex.org/W2001134912","https://openalex.org/W2001648357","https://openalex.org/W2002143964","https://openalex.org/W2002373536","https://openalex.org/W2002567269","https://openalex.org/W2004087191","https://openalex.org/W2004646029","https://openalex.org/W2005428505","https://openalex.org/W2006358240","https://openalex.org/W2007737411","https://openalex.org/W2008126319","https://openalex.org/W2008165932","https://openalex.org/W2015461676","https://openalex.org/W2018004965","https://openalex.org/W2019148514","https://openalex.org/W2024506859","https://openalex.org/W2027872608","https://openalex.org/W2029195231","https://openalex.org/W2029463317","https://openalex.org/W2030102828","https://openalex.org/W2030937936","https://openalex.org/W2034264799","https://openalex.org/W2035427089","https://openalex.org/W2035934992","https://openalex.org/W2038682819","https://openalex.org/W2039733992","https://openalex.org/W2042800252","https://openalex.org/W2043411266","https://openalex.org/W2046116670","https://openalex.org/W2046577057","https://openalex.org/W2046775253","https://openalex.org/W2049831097","https://openalex.org/W2051605684","https://openalex.org/W2051668886","https://openalex.org/W2056411968","https://openalex.org/W2059407166","https://openalex.org/W2061441436","https://openalex.org/W2063630385","https://openalex.org/W2064938907","https://openalex.org/W2066170159","https://openalex.org/W2070274122","https://openalex.org/W2077181938","https://openalex.org/W2078836950","https://openalex.org/W2081394289","https://openalex.org/W2083481797","https://openalex.org/W2083987668","https://openalex.org/W2086629541","https://openalex.org/W2087243140","https://openalex.org/W2089041648","https://openalex.org/W2091038786","https://openalex.org/W2092880294","https://openalex.org/W2100048174","https://openalex.org/W2100728329","https://openalex.org/W2103977786","https://openalex.org/W2114280746","https://openalex.org/W2115341794","https://openalex.org/W2115871167","https://openalex.org/W2116403540","https://openalex.org/W2116532422","https://openalex.org/W2119147817","https://openalex.org/W2120878408","https://openalex.org/W2122410250","https://openalex.org/W2123901444","https://openalex.org/W2124683065","https://openalex.org/W2127400843","https://openalex.org/W2130959526","https://openalex.org/W2131352938","https://openalex.org/W2136171760","https://openalex.org/W2136493270","https://openalex.org/W2143922284","https://openalex.org/W2146974951","https://openalex.org/W2147783879","https://openalex.org/W2148033620","https://openalex.org/W2150642389","https://openalex.org/W2152013327","https://openalex.org/W2154403720","https://openalex.org/W2156992194","https://openalex.org/W2160307156","https://openalex.org/W2160657553","https://openalex.org/W2165304543","https://openalex.org/W2165497032","https://openalex.org/W2170220747","https://openalex.org/W2172008520","https://openalex.org/W2214008998","https://openalex.org/W2317215688","https://openalex.org/W2318174104","https://openalex.org/W2320456753","https://openalex.org/W2322907210","https://openalex.org/W2328863243","https://openalex.org/W2334009346"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2104096646","https://openalex.org/W1902553007","https://openalex.org/W1786604115","https://openalex.org/W1576085242","https://openalex.org/W2121581904","https://openalex.org/W2078730195","https://openalex.org/W2065874222","https://openalex.org/W2131158564","https://openalex.org/W4255640406","https://openalex.org/W2035579838"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Although":[0],"the":[1,92,101,115,137,143,157,165,173,208,222,231,291,297,315,335,353,357],"short-term":[2],"vasodilatory":[3],"properties":[4],"of":[5,15,107,117,136,139,164,176,207,210,216,233,293,355,359],"organic":[6],"nitrates":[7,302,350],"are":[8],"potent":[9],"and":[10,17,40,64,90,156,188,236,254,267,309,340,351],"well":[11,45,179],"known,":[12],"a":[13,79,126,214],"number":[14,215],"vascular":[16,48,53,223],"extravascular":[18],"changes":[19,49],"have":[20,73,83,98,125,278,285],"been":[21,75,84],"shown":[22],"to":[23,62,67,86,219,345],"compromise":[24],"their":[25],"hemodynamic":[26],"effects":[27],"on":[28,100],"long-term":[29,160],"administration.":[30],"Among":[31],"these":[32,88,118,132,200,283,360,365],"changes,":[33],"systemic":[34],"phenomena":[35],"such":[36,50,256],"as":[37,44,46,51,77,195,257],"neurohormonal":[38],"activation":[39],"intravascular":[41],"volume":[42],"expansion1":[43],"specific":[47,320],"increased":[52,60],"superoxide":[54],"(O2":[55],"\u00b7":[56],")":[57],"production,":[58],"2":[59],"sensitivity":[61],"vasoconstrictors,3":[63],"decreased":[65],"responsiveness":[66],"nitric":[68],"oxide":[69],"(NO)":[70],"donors":[71],"4,5":[72],"long":[74],"identified":[76],"playing":[78],"role.":[80],"Several":[81],"hypotheses":[82],"proposed":[85],"explain":[87],"abnormalities,":[89],"over":[91],"last":[93],"15":[94],"years,":[95],"our":[96],"groups":[97],"focused":[99],"concept":[102],"that":[103,145,159,213,241,274],"an":[104,112,196],"inappropriate":[105],"production":[106],"reactive":[108],"oxygen":[109],"species":[110],"(ROS),":[111],"impairment":[113],"in":[114,130,141,167,181,296,343],"scavenging":[116],"mediators":[119],"(Figure":[120],"1),":[121],"or":[122,229,260],"both":[123],"might":[124,149,226,277],"crucial":[127],"mechanistic":[128],"importance":[129],"all":[131],"modifications.":[133],"6,7":[134],"Independently":[135],"role":[138,209],"ROS":[140,211],"tolerance,":[142,318,323,327],"possibility":[144],"nitrate-induced":[146,237],"oxidative":[147],"stress":[148],"affect":[150],"patients\u2019":[151],"prognosis":[152],"has":[153],"important":[154,294],"implications,":[155,205],"observation":[158],"therapy":[161,242,276,347],"with":[162,183,221,243,348],"most":[163],"drugs":[166,361],"this":[168],"class":[169],"causes":[170],"endothelial":[171,271,341],"dysfunction,":[172],"prognostic":[174,204],"significance":[175],"which":[177],"is":[178],"accepted":[180],"patients":[182],"coronary":[184],"artery":[185],"disease,":[186],"hypertension,":[187],"heart":[189],"failure,8":[190],"should":[191,303,329],"not":[192],"be":[193,305,330],"taken":[194],"academic":[197],"curiosity.":[198],"Beyond":[199],"as-yet":[201],"insufficiently":[202],"investigated":[203],"recognition":[206,292],"suggests":[212,273,311],"interventions":[217],"thought":[218],"interfere":[220],"redox":[224],"balance":[225],"also":[227,304],"retard":[228],"prevent":[230],"development":[232],"nitrate":[234,265,275,317],"tolerance":[235,266,339],"side":[238,366],"effects.":[239,367],"Evidence":[240],"angiotensin-converting":[244],"enzyme":[245],"(ACE)":[246],"inhibitors,":[247],"angiotensin-1":[248],"receptor":[249],"blockers,":[250],"certain":[251],"-blockers,":[252],"statins,":[253],"vitamins":[255],"folic":[258],"acid":[259],"vitamin":[261],"C":[262],"beneficially":[263],"influence":[264],"glyceryl":[268],"trinitrate":[269],"(GTN)\u2013induced":[270],"dysfunction":[272,342],"profoundly":[279],"different":[280,301,349],"implications":[281],"since":[282],"therapies":[284],"become":[286],"diffusely":[287],"available.":[288],"In":[289],"addition,":[290],"differences":[295],"mechanisms":[298],"triggered":[299],"by":[300],"attributed":[306],"clinical":[307],"relevance,":[308],"evidence":[310],"that,":[312],"rather":[313],"than":[314],"generic":[316],"more":[319],"expressions":[321],"(GTN":[322],"isosorbide":[324],"mononitrate":[325],"[ISMN]":[326],"etc)":[328],"used.9":[331],"This":[332],"review":[333],"summarizes":[334],"current":[336],"concepts":[337],"underlying":[338],"response":[344],"longterm":[346],"addresses":[352],"question":[354],"whether":[356],"use":[358],"remains":[362],"indicated":[363],"despite":[364]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2017-08-08T00:00:00"}
