{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2741237656","doi":null,"title":"The Nutritive Profile of Sun-Dried Paw-Paw (Carica Papaya ) Leaf Meal and its Effect on the Growth Performance of Broiler Chickens","display_name":"The Nutritive Profile of Sun-Dried Paw-Paw (Carica Papaya ) Leaf Meal and its Effect on the Growth Performance of Broiler Chickens","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2741237656","mag":"2741237656"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.587.8897","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.587.8897","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.ijopaasat.in/yahoo_site_admin/assets/docs/10_IJPAST-693-V20N2.144124749.pdf","raw_type":"text"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085249601","display_name":"C. R. Unigwe","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C. R. Unigwe","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054865471","display_name":"U. P. Okorafor","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"U. P. Okorafor","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082925206","display_name":"U Ogbu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"U Ogbu","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038108319","display_name":"Onyeka Chidiebele Nwufoh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4024-3635","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4024-3635"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"O. C. Nwufoh","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.974,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.79775763,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10152","display_name":"Animal Nutrition and Physiology","score":0.9872999787330627,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1103","display_name":"Animal Science and Zoology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10152","display_name":"Animal Nutrition and Physiology","score":0.9872999787330627,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1103","display_name":"Animal Science and Zoology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10450","display_name":"Aquaculture Nutrition and Growth","score":0.0024999999441206455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1104","display_name":"Aquatic Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13294","display_name":"Livestock and Poultry Management","score":0.0013000000035390258,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1103","display_name":"Animal Science and Zoology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/carica-papaya","display_name":"Carica papaya","score":0.9929999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/broiler-chickens","display_name":"broiler chickens","score":0.8889999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/growth-performance","display_name":"growth performance","score":0.9819999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/proximate-composition","display_name":"proximate composition","score":0.8539999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crude-protein","display_name":"crude protein","score":0.722000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feed-conversion-ratio","display_name":"feed conversion ratio","score":0.9570000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/average-daily-gain","display_name":"average daily gain","score":0.7319999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alternative-poultry-feed","display_name":"alternative poultry feed","score":0.6230000257492065}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780289900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q326301","display_name":"Broiler","level":2,"score":0.72889244556427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778345441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6460735","display_name":"Meal","level":2,"score":0.6869078874588013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22830521","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q649967","display_name":"Feed conversion ratio","level":3,"score":0.6602205038070679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46254838","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5156536","display_name":"Completely randomized design","level":2,"score":0.6435021162033081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779231358","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1752510","display_name":"Carica","level":2,"score":0.6197962760925293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780320433","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3403879","display_name":"Weight gain","level":3,"score":0.5573837161064148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140793950","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q168091","display_name":"Animal science","level":1,"score":0.5378289818763733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.5177308917045593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147583825","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q620876","display_name":"Body weight","level":2,"score":0.40031224489212036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31903555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1637030","display_name":"Food science","level":1,"score":0.3200417160987854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.23433390259742737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134018914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606","display_name":"Endocrinology","level":1,"score":0.09186515212059021}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.587.8897","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.587.8897","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.ijopaasat.in/yahoo_site_admin/assets/docs/10_IJPAST-693-V20N2.144124749.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"mag:2741237656","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://ijopaasat.in/yahoo_site_admin/assets/docs/10_IJPAST-693-V20N2.144124749.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","display_name":"Zero hunger","score":1.0}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","display_name":"Zero hunger","score":0.6600000262260437}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W211232006","https://openalex.org/W310771869","https://openalex.org/W1509982441","https://openalex.org/W1555557687","https://openalex.org/W1572581490","https://openalex.org/W1992897439","https://openalex.org/W1994488792","https://openalex.org/W2006525020","https://openalex.org/W2018525968","https://openalex.org/W2026384057","https://openalex.org/W2032853213","https://openalex.org/W2033648035","https://openalex.org/W2107528660","https://openalex.org/W2116176537","https://openalex.org/W2122914848","https://openalex.org/W2151837095","https://openalex.org/W2157432243","https://openalex.org/W2160398255","https://openalex.org/W2188696571","https://openalex.org/W2323204943","https://openalex.org/W2527236793","https://openalex.org/W3133714316"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2232574318","https://openalex.org/W2157432243","https://openalex.org/W2098430092","https://openalex.org/W3041902675","https://openalex.org/W3183433405","https://openalex.org/W2339183624","https://openalex.org/W3013693164","https://openalex.org/W2104422264","https://openalex.org/W2167855533","https://openalex.org/W2171892218","https://openalex.org/W2974666009","https://openalex.org/W3048168204","https://openalex.org/W2346384807","https://openalex.org/W3133636560","https://openalex.org/W3163949025","https://openalex.org/W2183906354","https://openalex.org/W3133623479","https://openalex.org/W574733401","https://openalex.org/W2344496801","https://openalex.org/W3018140831"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract:":[0],"Feeding":[1],"trial":[2],"was":[3,161,169],"conducted":[4],"on":[5,29,39],"sixty":[6],"day-old":[7],"Anak":[8],"broiler":[9],"chicks":[10,79],"of":[11,14,23,89],"average":[12,126,182],"weight":[13,128,150],"204.11+3.29g":[15],"for":[16],"eight":[17],"weeks":[18],"to":[19,46,87],"evaluate":[20],"the":[21,40,142,153,157,165],"effect":[22],"sun-dried":[24],"paw-paw":[25],"leaf":[26],"meal":[27],"(PLM)":[28],"their":[30],"growth":[31],"performance":[32],"as":[33,35,152],"well":[34],"proximate":[36],"composition":[37],"analysis":[38,88],"PLM.":[41],"The":[42,102,125,181],"birds":[43],"were":[44,74,85,135],"assigned":[45],"four":[47],"treatment":[48],"diets":[49],"comprising":[50],"T1":[51,179],"(0":[52],"%":[53,57,61,66],"PLM),":[54,58],"T2":[55,175],"(5":[56],"T3":[59,172],"(10":[60],"PLM)":[62,67],"and":[63,91,122,130,174],"T4":[64],"(15":[65],"in":[68,93,149,156,164],"a":[69,187],"completely":[70],"randomized":[71],"design.":[72],"They":[73],"replicated":[75],"thrice":[76],"with":[77],"5":[78],"per":[80],"replicate.":[81],"All":[82],"data":[83],"collected":[84],"subjected":[86],"variance":[90],"difference":[92,189],"means":[94],"separated":[95],"using":[96],"Duncan\u2019s":[97],"New":[98],"Multiple":[99],"Range":[100],"Test.":[101],"results":[103],"showed":[104,186],"that":[105],"PLM":[106,154],"contains":[107],"crude":[108,111],"protein":[109],"(25.30%),":[110],"fibre":[112],"(8.86%),":[113],"ether":[114],"extract":[115,120],"(0.81%),":[116],"ash":[117],"(8.88%),":[118],"nitrogen-free":[119],"(43.82%)":[121],"moisture":[123],"(12.33%).":[124],"daily":[127,183],"gains":[129,151],"feed":[131,184],"conversion":[132],"ratios":[133],"(FCR)":[134],"not":[136,178],"significantly":[137],"different":[138],"(P>0.05)":[139],"among":[140],"all":[141],"treatments":[143],"although":[144],"demonstrated":[145],"progressive":[146],"numerical":[147],"increase":[148],"increased":[155],"diets.":[158],"Similar":[159],"trend":[160],"also":[162],"observed":[163],"FCR":[166],"where":[167],"T4(4.01)":[168],"better":[170],"than":[171],"(4.11)":[173],"(4.12)":[176],"but":[177],"(3.92).":[180],"intake":[185],"significant":[188],"(P<0.05)":[190],"when":[191]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-12T09:40:04.860316","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
