{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2741194682","doi":null,"title":"INTRODUCTIONAND HISTORICAL NOTES EXCITOTOXICITY IN NEUROLOGIC DISEASES","display_name":"INTRODUCTIONAND HISTORICAL NOTES EXCITOTOXICITY IN NEUROLOGIC DISEASES","publication_year":2004,"publication_date":"2004-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2741194682","mag":"2741194682"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:2741194682","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-1-4419-8959-8_1","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108432384","display_name":"M. Flint Beal","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"M. Flint Beal","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5108432384"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10077","display_name":"Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research","score":0.961899995803833,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10077","display_name":"Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research","score":0.961899995803833,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11266","display_name":"Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms","score":0.006099999882280827,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2808","display_name":"Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10294","display_name":"Cell death mechanisms and regulation","score":0.00570000009611249,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/excitotoxicity","display_name":"excitotoxicity","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/glutamate-receptors","display_name":"glutamate receptors","score":0.949999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/glutamate-excitotoxicity","display_name":"glutamate excitotoxicity","score":0.9629999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuronal-death","display_name":"neuronal cell death","score":0.746999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neurological-disorders","display_name":"neurological disorders","score":0.765999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/calcium-influx","display_name":"calcium influx","score":0.972000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oxidative-stress","display_name":"oxidative stress","score":0.8119999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nitric-oxide","display_name":"nitric oxide","score":0.9390000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/free-radicals","display_name":"free radicals","score":0.8820000290870667}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781012912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901117","display_name":"Excitotoxicity","level":4,"score":0.8947951793670654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61174792","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420510","display_name":"Glutamate receptor","level":3,"score":0.7388821840286255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112592302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207387","display_name":"Excitatory postsynaptic potential","level":3,"score":0.7002606391906738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779491297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3338704","display_name":"Neurotoxicity","level":3,"score":0.6699983477592468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2911067986","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5419644","display_name":"Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists","level":4,"score":0.5466353297233582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170493617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208467","display_name":"Receptor","level":2,"score":0.4918851852416992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67018056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q414896","display_name":"NMDA receptor","level":3,"score":0.42657190561294556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31573885","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q304484","display_name":"Programmed cell death","level":3,"score":0.4247158169746399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.416289746761322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.4118432104587555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98274493","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128406","display_name":"Pharmacology","level":1,"score":0.3766123950481415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.31527179479599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.2979874014854431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.2870531380176544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.2777692675590515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190283241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14599311","display_name":"Apoptosis","level":2,"score":0.11010462045669556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29730261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q274160","display_name":"Toxicity","level":2,"score":0.07924953103065491}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:2741194682","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-1-4419-8959-8_1","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.5683000087738037,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":54,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W153692965","https://openalex.org/W1484348587","https://openalex.org/W1519184577","https://openalex.org/W1523671473","https://openalex.org/W1564601025","https://openalex.org/W1576577565","https://openalex.org/W1606988289","https://openalex.org/W1639407471","https://openalex.org/W1909841186","https://openalex.org/W1967117930","https://openalex.org/W1973473665","https://openalex.org/W1976141652","https://openalex.org/W1978348298","https://openalex.org/W1979994394","https://openalex.org/W1983548148","https://openalex.org/W1988726352","https://openalex.org/W1992372295","https://openalex.org/W1993385893","https://openalex.org/W1996568613","https://openalex.org/W1997075816","https://openalex.org/W2015268116","https://openalex.org/W2019431280","https://openalex.org/W2027093651","https://openalex.org/W2027280736","https://openalex.org/W2031608870","https://openalex.org/W2033678540","https://openalex.org/W2034868973","https://openalex.org/W2037001268","https://openalex.org/W2039574372","https://openalex.org/W2045281710","https://openalex.org/W2047362612","https://openalex.org/W2049949557","https://openalex.org/W2051420538","https://openalex.org/W2054448318","https://openalex.org/W2055528628","https://openalex.org/W2058176457","https://openalex.org/W2058766494","https://openalex.org/W2065750772","https://openalex.org/W2068331749","https://openalex.org/W2074187719","https://openalex.org/W2074988177","https://openalex.org/W2079889113","https://openalex.org/W2082249282","https://openalex.org/W2093886877","https://openalex.org/W2093947387","https://openalex.org/W2112696881","https://openalex.org/W2145213346","https://openalex.org/W2155747798","https://openalex.org/W2160690724","https://openalex.org/W2169355774","https://openalex.org/W2174925893","https://openalex.org/W2209769996","https://openalex.org/W2293084596","https://openalex.org/W2313744950"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W150695824","https://openalex.org/W224304782","https://openalex.org/W145122870","https://openalex.org/W111663151","https://openalex.org/W2489696990","https://openalex.org/W7096928992","https://openalex.org/W151767562","https://openalex.org/W2283352461","https://openalex.org/W2926695396","https://openalex.org/W186421055"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Excitotoxicity":[0],"refers":[1],"to":[2,22,51,69,98,112,133,145],"neuronal":[3],"death":[4,21,101,115],"caused":[5,116],"by":[6,117],"activation":[7,71,127],"of":[8,15,25,41,49,63,72,90,94,128,141],"excitatory":[9,73,95,118,129],"amino":[10,74,96,119,130],"acid":[11,75,131],"receptors.":[12],"Several":[13],"lines":[14],"evidence":[16],"have":[17],"linked":[18,67,126],"excitotoxic":[19],"cell":[20,100,114],"the":[23,70,79],"pathogenesis":[24],"both":[26,140],"acute":[27],"and":[28,43,58,65,78,107,137],"chronic":[29],"neurologic":[30],"diseases.":[31],"The":[32],"initial":[33],"observation":[34],"that":[35,40,47],"glutamate":[36,50],"was":[37,39,82],"neurotoxic":[38],"Lucas":[42],"Newhouse,":[44,59],"who":[45],"found":[46],"administration":[48],"mice":[52],"resulted":[53],"in":[54,102],"retinal":[55],"degeneration":[56],"(Lucas":[57],"1957).":[60],"Subsequent":[61],"studies":[62],"Olney":[64],"colleagues":[66],"neurotoxicity":[68],"receptors":[76,132],",":[77],"term":[80],"excitotoxin":[81],"coined":[83],"(Olney,":[84],"1969).":[85],"Further":[86],"advances":[87],"were":[88],"those":[89],"Rothman":[91],"linking":[92,109],"release":[93],"acids":[97,120],"anoxic":[99],"hippocampal":[103],"cultures":[104],"(Rothman,":[105],"1984),":[106],"ofChoi":[108],"calcium":[110],"influx":[111],"delayed":[113],"(Choi,":[121],"1987).":[122],"More":[123],"work":[124],"has":[125],"free":[134],"radical":[135],"generation":[136],"nitric":[138],"oxide,":[139],"which":[142],"may":[143],"lead":[144],"oxidative":[146],"stress":[147],"(Dawson":[148],"et":[149,154],"al.,":[150,155],"1991:":[151],"Lafon":[152],"-Cazal":[153],"1993).":[156]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-09T09:14:12.587421","created_date":"2017-08-08T00:00:00"}
