{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2735232002","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1190/geo2016-0475.1","title":"An improvement in wavefield extrapolation and imaging condition to suppress reverse time migration artifacts","display_name":"An improvement in wavefield extrapolation and imaging condition to suppress reverse time migration artifacts","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-07-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2735232002","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1190/geo2016-0475.1","mag":"2735232002"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1190/geo2016-0475.1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1190/geo2016-0475.1","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1190/geo2016-0475.1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106174089","display_name":"Geophysics","issn_l":"0016-8033","issn":["0016-8033","1942-2156"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-a","jufo-1","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316678","host_organization_name":"Society of Exploration Geophysicists","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316678"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Society of Exploration Geophysicists"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Geophysics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070343502","display_name":"Farzad Moradpouri","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1654-100X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1654-100X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I176861719","display_name":"University of Shahrood","ror":"https://ror.org/00yqvtm78","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I176861719"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Farzad Moradpouri","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shahrood University of Technology 1 , Faculty of Mining, Petroleum and Geophysics, Shahrood, . E-mail: f.moradpouri@gmail.com ; msoleimani@shahroodut.ac.ir ","Shahrood University of Technology, Faculty of Mining, Petroleum and Geophysics, Shahrood, Iran. E-mail:"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shahrood University of Technology 1 , Faculty of Mining, Petroleum and Geophysics, Shahrood, . E-mail: f.moradpouri@gmail.com ; msoleimani@shahroodut.ac.ir ","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I176861719"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shahrood University of Technology, Faculty of Mining, Petroleum and Geophysics, Shahrood, Iran. E-mail:","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I176861719"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047382330","display_name":"Ali Moradzadeh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9077-8278","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9077-8278"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I23946033","display_name":"University of Tehran","ror":"https://ror.org/05vf56z40","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I23946033"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ali Moradzadeh","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Tehran 2 , College of Engineering, School of Mining Engineering, Tehran, . E-mail: a_moradzadeh@ut.ac.ir ","University of Tehran, College of Engineering, School of Mining Engineering, Tehran, Iran. E-mail: "],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Tehran 2 , College of Engineering, School of Mining Engineering, Tehran, . E-mail: a_moradzadeh@ut.ac.ir ","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I23946033"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Tehran, College of Engineering, School of Mining Engineering, Tehran, Iran. E-mail: ","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I23946033"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046403511","display_name":"Reynam C. Pestana","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2531-8969","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2531-8969"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126158947","display_name":"Universidade Federal da Bahia","ror":"https://ror.org/03k3p7647","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126158947"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Reynam Pestana","raw_affiliation_strings":["Federal University of Bahia (UFBA) 3 , Center for Research in Geophysics and Geology (CPGG), Salvador, . E-mail: reynam@cpgg.ufba.br ","Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Center for Research in Geophysics and Geology (CPGG), Salvador, Brazil. E-mail: "],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Federal University of Bahia (UFBA) 3 , Center for Research in Geophysics and Geology (CPGG), Salvador, . E-mail: reynam@cpgg.ufba.br ","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126158947"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Center for Research in Geophysics and Geology (CPGG), Salvador, Brazil. E-mail: ","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126158947"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015802714","display_name":"Reza Ghaedrahmati","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2892-0963","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2892-0963"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3123046734","display_name":"Lorestan University","ror":"https://ror.org/051bats05","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3123046734"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Reza Ghaedrahmati","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lorestan University 4 , Faculty of Engineering, Department of Mining, Khoramabad, . E-mail: ghaedrahmati.r@lu.ac.ir ","Lorestan University, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Mining, Khoramabad, Iran. E-mail: "],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lorestan University 4 , Faculty of Engineering, Department of Mining, Khoramabad, . E-mail: ghaedrahmati.r@lu.ac.ir ","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3123046734"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lorestan University, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Mining, Khoramabad, Iran. E-mail: ","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3123046734"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030706958","display_name":"Mehrdad Soleimani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4755-4214","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4755-4214"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I176861719","display_name":"University of Shahrood","ror":"https://ror.org/00yqvtm78","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I176861719"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mehrdad Soleimani Monfared","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shahrood University of Technology 1 , Faculty of Mining, Petroleum and Geophysics, Shahrood, . E-mail: f.moradpouri@gmail.com ; msoleimani@shahroodut.ac.ir ","Shahrood University of Technology, Faculty of Mining, Petroleum and Geophysics, Shahrood, Iran. E-mail:"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shahrood University of Technology 1 , Faculty of Mining, Petroleum and Geophysics, Shahrood, . E-mail: f.moradpouri@gmail.com ; msoleimani@shahroodut.ac.ir ","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I176861719"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shahrood University of Technology, Faculty of Mining, Petroleum and Geophysics, Shahrood, Iran. E-mail:","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I176861719"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.5242,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":22,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.78598073,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"82","issue":"6","first_page":"S403","last_page":"S409"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10271","display_name":"Seismic Imaging and Inversion Techniques","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1908","display_name":"Geophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10271","display_name":"Seismic Imaging and Inversion Techniques","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1908","display_name":"Geophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13177","display_name":"Geological and Geophysical Studies","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1907","display_name":"Geology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11757","display_name":"Seismic Waves and Analysis","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1908","display_name":"Geophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reverse-time-migration","display_name":"reverse time migration","score":0.9549999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/low-frequency-artifacts","display_name":"low-frequency artifacts","score":0.8479999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/steeply-dipping-structures","display_name":"steeply dipping structures","score":0.828000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/poynting-vector","display_name":"Poynting vector","score":0.7749999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/imaging-conditions","display_name":"imaging conditions","score":0.8659999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/weight-functions","display_name":"weight functions","score":0.8899999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reflection-angle","display_name":"reflection angle","score":0.7680000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/full-wave-equation","display_name":"full wave equation","score":0.5170000195503235}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118496448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2111620","display_name":"Seismic migration","level":2,"score":0.9009917974472046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193614536","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q504186","display_name":"Poynting vector","level":3,"score":0.8949460983276367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183115368","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q856577","display_name":"Weighting","level":2,"score":0.8192155361175537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132459708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q744069","display_name":"Extrapolation","level":2,"score":0.7899987697601318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65682993","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1056451","display_name":"Reflection (computer programming)","level":2,"score":0.5943325757980347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204323151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.5731911063194275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14036430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076","display_name":"Function (biology)","level":2,"score":0.547950267791748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5201714038848877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.4999840259552002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59696629","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193846","display_name":"Wave equation","level":2,"score":0.4924400746822357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.48488980531692505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4247598648071289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.37676018476486206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.32150307297706604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.31939396262168884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.305172324180603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.2197350561618805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.19144219160079956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78458016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115260700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11408","display_name":"Magnetic field","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8058405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46255","display_name":"Geophysics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1190/geo2016-0475.1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1190/geo2016-0475.1","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1190/geo2016-0475.1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106174089","display_name":"Geophysics","issn_l":"0016-8033","issn":["0016-8033","1942-2156"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-a","jufo-1","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316678","host_organization_name":"Society of Exploration Geophysicists","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316678"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Society of Exploration Geophysicists"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Geophysics","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W280097639","https://openalex.org/W1615989357","https://openalex.org/W1966320522","https://openalex.org/W1970333790","https://openalex.org/W1977324601","https://openalex.org/W1986421747","https://openalex.org/W1989540364","https://openalex.org/W1993236759","https://openalex.org/W1994259578","https://openalex.org/W2007439487","https://openalex.org/W2014868015","https://openalex.org/W2020758023","https://openalex.org/W2031269995","https://openalex.org/W2034193725","https://openalex.org/W2044804449","https://openalex.org/W2058390256","https://openalex.org/W2072909794","https://openalex.org/W2076211048","https://openalex.org/W2080064193","https://openalex.org/W2086479631","https://openalex.org/W2086636695","https://openalex.org/W2096595284","https://openalex.org/W2101027232","https://openalex.org/W2106643687","https://openalex.org/W2107569287","https://openalex.org/W2108886950","https://openalex.org/W2115957863","https://openalex.org/W2126352344","https://openalex.org/W2142038638","https://openalex.org/W2144586663","https://openalex.org/W2150741226","https://openalex.org/W2157074685","https://openalex.org/W2161034784","https://openalex.org/W2168057403","https://openalex.org/W2169348159","https://openalex.org/W2170967565","https://openalex.org/W2239080117","https://openalex.org/W2323557499","https://openalex.org/W2323946855","https://openalex.org/W2324810969","https://openalex.org/W2328446321","https://openalex.org/W3180303052","https://openalex.org/W4250147956"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2554444069","https://openalex.org/W3138504759","https://openalex.org/W2330171899","https://openalex.org/W2947581563","https://openalex.org/W4386766973","https://openalex.org/W1993236759","https://openalex.org/W2151509642","https://openalex.org/W2462358608","https://openalex.org/W2808493805","https://openalex.org/W3174937516"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"ABSTRACT":[0],"Reverse":[1],"time":[2],"migration":[3],"(RTM)":[4],"as":[5,43,126,133],"a":[6,24,57,75,127,175,245],"full":[7],"wave":[8],"equation":[9],"method":[10,63],"can":[11],"image":[12,273],"steeply":[13,276],"dipping":[14,277],"structures":[15],"incorporating":[16],"all":[17,275],"waves":[18],"without":[19],"dip":[20],"limitation.":[21],"It":[22,201],"causes":[23],"set":[25,248],"of":[26,110,137,164,195,230,259],"low-frequency":[27],"artifacts":[28,40,159,266],"that":[29,105],"start":[30],"to":[31,53,55,64,84,95,99,121,148,156,174,180,183,187,204,218,262],"appear":[32],"for":[33,129,160,249],"reflection":[34,124],"angles":[35,125],"larger":[36],"than":[37],"60\u00b0.":[38],"These":[39],"are":[41,51],"known":[42],"the":[44,60,66,81,86,97,107,123,134,138,143,150,158,161,171,193,209,211,216,222,227,235,240,250,257,260,264],"major":[45],"concern":[46],"in":[47,226,267],"RTM":[48,87,237,265],"method.":[49],"We":[50,72],"first":[52,70,108],"attempt":[54],"formulate":[56],"scheme":[58],"called":[59],"leapfrog-rapid":[61],"expansion":[62],"extrapolate":[65],"wavefields":[67,98],"and":[68,102,155,185,198,244],"their":[69,100],"derivatives.":[71],"have":[73,149],"evaluated":[74],"new":[76,236],"imaging":[77,112,140],"condition,":[78],"based":[79],"on":[80],"Poynting":[82,90,115],"vectors,":[83],"suppress":[85,157,263],"artifacts.":[88],"The":[89,114,253],"vectors":[91],"information":[92,117,154],"is":[93,118,146,167,202],"used":[94,120],"separate":[96],"downgoing":[101],"upgoing":[103],"components":[104],"form":[106],"part":[109,136,191],"our":[111,130],"condition.":[113,141],"vector":[116],"also":[119,214],"calculate":[122],"basis":[128],"weighting":[131,144,212],"function":[132,145,213],"second":[135],"aforementioned":[139],"Actually,":[142],"applied":[147],"most":[151],"likely":[152],"desired":[153],"angle":[162,172,228],"range":[163,173,229],"61\u00b0\u201390\u00b0.":[165,231],"This":[166],"achieved":[168],"by":[169,239],"dividing":[170],"triplet":[176],"domain":[177],"from":[178,221],"61\u00b0":[179],"70\u00b0,":[181],"71\u00b0":[182],"80\u00b0,":[184],"81\u00b0":[186],"90\u00b0,":[188],"where":[189],"each":[190],"has":[192,215],"weight":[194],"cos(\u03b8),":[196],"cos3/2(\u03b8),":[197],"cos2(\u03b8),":[199],"respectively.":[200],"interesting":[203],"note":[205],"that,":[206],"besides":[207],"suppressing":[208],"artifacts,":[210],"capability":[217],"preserve":[219],"crosscorrelation":[220],"real":[223,246],"reflecting":[224],"points":[225],"Finally,":[232],"we":[233],"tested":[234],"procedure":[238,261],"BP":[241],"synthetic":[242],"model":[243],"data":[247],"North":[251],"Sea.":[252],"obtained":[254],"results":[255],"indicate":[256],"efficiency":[258],"producing":[268],"high-quality,":[269],"highly":[270],"illuminated":[271],"depth-migrated":[272],"including":[274],"geologic":[278],"structures.":[279]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2017-07-21T00:00:00"}