{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2734499152","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2107448","title":"Logical Form in Natural Language.","display_name":"Logical Form in Natural Language.","publication_year":1986,"publication_date":"1986-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2734499152","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2107448","mag":"2734499152"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2307/2107448","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2107448","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2107448","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S204374153","display_name":"Philosophy and Phenomenological Research","issn_l":"0031-8205","issn":["0031-8205","1933-1592"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Philosophy and Phenomenological Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112489736","display_name":"Gilbert H. Harman","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gilbert Harman","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005106562","display_name":"William G. Lycan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-2500-7565","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0000-2500-7565"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"William G. Lycan","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":2900,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2900},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.4174,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":75,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95428841,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"47","issue":"2","first_page":"340","last_page":"340"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10034","display_name":"Syntax, Semantics, Linguistic Variation","score":0.701200008392334,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1203","display_name":"Language and Linguistics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10034","display_name":"Syntax, Semantics, Linguistic Variation","score":0.701200008392334,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1203","display_name":"Language and Linguistics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11010","display_name":"Logic, Reasoning, and Knowledge","score":0.2085999995470047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10258","display_name":"Philosophy and Theoretical Science","score":0.03709999844431877,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/logical-form","display_name":"logical form","score":0.9929999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language","display_name":"natural language","score":0.972000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/syntax","display_name":"syntax","score":0.37400001287460327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semantics","display_name":"semantics","score":0.7749999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/philosophy-of-language","display_name":"philosophy of language","score":0.5870000123977661}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4583742618560791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.4577116370201111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776608160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4785462","display_name":"Natural (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.4476090967655182},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778790839","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6667497","display_name":"Logical form","level":2,"score":0.4393221139907837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.4231586456298828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.16406327486038208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2307/2107448","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2107448","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2107448","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S204374153","display_name":"Philosophy and Phenomenological Research","issn_l":"0031-8205","issn":["0031-8205","1933-1592"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Philosophy and Phenomenological Research","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"display_name":"Quality education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.7300000190734863}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2028329812","https://openalex.org/W3166254075","https://openalex.org/W2073499315","https://openalex.org/W2005957934","https://openalex.org/W7135695971","https://openalex.org/W2316543195","https://openalex.org/W3142870857","https://openalex.org/W2324777673","https://openalex.org/W2315124402","https://openalex.org/W3027260764"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-09-22T06:50:58.402377","created_date":"2017-07-21T00:00:00"}