{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2731334164","doi":null,"title":"Inhibitors to Achievement in Science and Mathematics by Ethnic Minorities.","display_name":"Inhibitors to Achievement in Science and Mathematics by Ethnic Minorities.","publication_year":1981,"publication_date":"1981-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2731334164","mag":"2731334164"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:2731334164","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED223404.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040422201","display_name":"Roger G. Olstad","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Roger G. Olstad","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5040422201"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.45384169,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10726","display_name":"Career Development and Diversity","score":0.9887999892234802,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10726","display_name":"Career Development and Diversity","score":0.9887999892234802,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10547","display_name":"Education, Achievement, and Giftedness","score":0.007000000216066837,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11384","display_name":"Critical Race Theory in Education","score":0.0034000000450760126,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ethnic-minorities","display_name":"ethnic minorities","score":0.9070000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/precollege-science-education","display_name":"precollege science education","score":0.8100000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics-education","display_name":"mathematics education","score":0.8349999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/standardized-testing","display_name":"standardized testing","score":0.6629999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/socioeconomic-status","display_name":"socioeconomic status","score":0.7789999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-style","display_name":"cognitive style","score":0.8009999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/locus-of-control","display_name":"locus of control","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/student-motivation","display_name":"student motivation","score":0.6809999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/teacher-expectations","display_name":"teacher expectations","score":0.9700000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/teaching-methods","display_name":"teaching methods","score":0.7099999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/academic-advising","display_name":"academic advising","score":0.7820000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/role-models","display_name":"role models","score":0.7919999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/asian-americans","display_name":"Asian Americans","score":0.7680000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/racial-ethnic-minority-women","display_name":"minority women","score":0.8399999737739563}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137403100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41710","display_name":"Ethnic group","level":2,"score":0.7045295238494873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170798268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q534589","display_name":"Locus of control","level":2,"score":0.5728625655174255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.516326367855072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.5059565901756287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781206393","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2748419","display_name":"Academic achievement","level":2,"score":0.4508504569530487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.4485189914703369},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992317946","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q712144","display_name":"De facto","level":2,"score":0.43521785736083984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37228920","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1307600","display_name":"Experiential learning","level":2,"score":0.4284113347530365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81369262","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6165531","display_name":"Achievement test","level":3,"score":0.4201236963272095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.412850558757782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.3015630841255188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203151758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3244907","display_name":"Standardized test","level":2,"score":0.2623770236968994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.14435109496116638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.12210744619369507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19165224","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23404","display_name":"Anthropology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:2731334164","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED223404.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8974000215530396,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"},{"score":0.8278999924659729,"display_name":"Quality education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"score":0.6299999952316284,"display_name":"Quality education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":58,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W231661923","https://openalex.org/W264846479","https://openalex.org/W279875783","https://openalex.org/W322406183","https://openalex.org/W1512550429","https://openalex.org/W1512664624","https://openalex.org/W1526704882","https://openalex.org/W1544688888","https://openalex.org/W1551934149","https://openalex.org/W1575488486","https://openalex.org/W1693244681","https://openalex.org/W1721993335","https://openalex.org/W1963819146","https://openalex.org/W1971801629","https://openalex.org/W1972450933","https://openalex.org/W1973922730","https://openalex.org/W1978391587","https://openalex.org/W1986095510","https://openalex.org/W1991633525","https://openalex.org/W1993885339","https://openalex.org/W2007452111","https://openalex.org/W2011782785","https://openalex.org/W2014574160","https://openalex.org/W2018697112","https://openalex.org/W2022294576","https://openalex.org/W2035538429","https://openalex.org/W2037166097","https://openalex.org/W2040002374","https://openalex.org/W2047895167","https://openalex.org/W2051150395","https://openalex.org/W2054693001","https://openalex.org/W2058497669","https://openalex.org/W2058770766","https://openalex.org/W2059030846","https://openalex.org/W2072453853","https://openalex.org/W2077935047","https://openalex.org/W2078441235","https://openalex.org/W2086507124","https://openalex.org/W2095508580","https://openalex.org/W2100826189","https://openalex.org/W2101582137","https://openalex.org/W2120882413","https://openalex.org/W2124387215","https://openalex.org/W2127839526","https://openalex.org/W2131641568","https://openalex.org/W2135388675","https://openalex.org/W2143872664","https://openalex.org/W2147023335","https://openalex.org/W2147611572","https://openalex.org/W2164831099","https://openalex.org/W2171690419","https://openalex.org/W2174401582","https://openalex.org/W2333339810","https://openalex.org/W2724454573","https://openalex.org/W2732767772","https://openalex.org/W2734181403","https://openalex.org/W2734237673","https://openalex.org/W2993119696"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7095594548","https://openalex.org/W2752667429","https://openalex.org/W1970780764","https://openalex.org/W4388250725","https://openalex.org/W2083680758","https://openalex.org/W4388249627","https://openalex.org/W2092446728","https://openalex.org/W852296963","https://openalex.org/W7100870175","https://openalex.org/W1656618451"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"'":[0],"":[1],"Suggesting":[2],"that":[3],"the":[4,46,61,144,174],"underrepresentation":[5],"of":[6,28,54,86,97,109,167,176],"ethnic":[7],"minorities\\in":[8],"technical":[9],"'and":[10],"science-related":[11],"careers":[12,20],"and":[13,84,99,121,124,153,186,190,194],"within":[14],"academic":[15,187],"programs":[16,185],"leading":[17],"to":[18,42,50,70,91,104,128,132,150,157],"such":[19,78],"has":[21,35],"not":[22],"resulted":[23,36],"primarily":[24],"from":[25,40],"free":[26],"e\\xercise":[27],"choice":[29],"on":[30,143],"their":[31],"part,":[32],"but":[33],"rather":[34],"in":[37,58,136,173,197],"some":[38],"meaSure":[39],"barriers":[41],"minority":[43,56,134,195],"group":[44],"participation,":[45],"literature":[47,145],"cas":[48],"surveyed":[49],"examine":[51],"factors":[52,77],"suspected":[53],"inhibiting":[55],"participation":[57],"science/mathematics":[59,110,137,177],"at":[60],"pre-college":[62],"level.":[63],"Factors":[64],"examined":[65],"included:":[66],"(1)":[67],"those":[68,89,102,126],"related":[69,90,103,127],"testing":[71],"procedures":[72],"(general":[73],"testing,":[74],"achievement,":[75],"other":[76],"as":[79],"socio-economiC":[80],"status,":[81],"performance":[82],"patterns,":[83],"presence":[85],"bias);":[87],"(2)":[88],"learner":[92],"characteristics":[93],"(cognitive":[94],"style,":[95],"locus":[96],"control,":[98],"attitude/motivation);":[100],"(3)":[101],"classroom":[105,114,116],"experience":[106],"(differential":[107],"exposure":[108,149],"instruction,":[111],"de":[112],"facto":[113],"segregation,":[115],"psychological":[117],"environment,":[118],"teacher":[119],"expectations,":[120],"instructional":[122,162],"strategies);":[123],"(4)":[125],"counseling":[129],"experiences.":[130],"Programs":[131],"encourage":[133],"_Participation":[135],"were":[138],"also":[139],"examined.":[140],"Suggestions":[141],"based":[142],"review":[146],"include":[147],"early":[148],"experiential":[151],"science":[152],"concrete":[154],"mathematical":[155],"materials":[156],"develop":[158],"conceptual":[159],"understanding,":[160],"providing":[161,182],"strategies":[163],"accommodating":[164],"a":[165],"variety":[166],"cognitive":[168],"styles,":[169],"rectifying":[170],"any":[171],"imbalance":[172],"quality":[175],"instruction":[178],"encountered":[179],"by":[180],"minorities,":[181],"career":[183],"awareness":[184],"role":[188],"models,":[189],"including":[191],"Asian":[192],"Americans":[193],"women":[196],"future":[198],"research":[199],"studies.":[200],"(Author/JN)":[201],",":[202]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-09-29T14:09:16.559479","created_date":"2017-07-14T00:00:00"}
