{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2715228199","doi":null,"title":"Hebbian Neuroplasticity in the Human Corticospinal Tract as Induced by Specific Electrical and Magnetic Stimulation Protocols","display_name":"Hebbian Neuroplasticity in the Human Corticospinal Tract as Induced by Specific Electrical and Magnetic Stimulation Protocols","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-08-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2715228199","mag":"2715228199"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:utoronto.scholaris.ca:1807/65703","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1807/65703","pdf_url":"https://utoronto.scholaris.ca/bitstreams/28aaae54-5329-4b18-8e81-98a15ade007f/download","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400261","display_name":"TSpace (University of Toronto)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I185261750","host_organization_name":"University of Toronto","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Thesis"},"volume":null,"type":"dissertation","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://utoronto.scholaris.ca/bitstreams/28aaae54-5329-4b18-8e81-98a15ade007f/download","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082830860","display_name":"Steven C. McGie","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Steven McGie","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5082830860"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10614","display_name":"Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Studies","score":0.5327000021934509,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2808","display_name":"Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10614","display_name":"Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Studies","score":0.5327000021934509,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2808","display_name":"Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10925","display_name":"Spinal Cord Injury Research","score":0.3698999881744385,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2728","display_name":"Clinical Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10510","display_name":"Stroke Rehabilitation and Recovery","score":0.03920000046491623,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2742","display_name":"Rehabilitation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/corticospinal-tract","display_name":"corticospinal tract","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/incomplete-spinal-cord-injury","display_name":"incomplete spinal cord injury","score":0.8259999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/functional-electrical-stimulation","display_name":"functional electrical stimulation","score":0.9779999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brain-computer-interface","display_name":"brain-computer interface","score":0.9359999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electromyography-based-control","display_name":"electromyography-based control","score":0.6890000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hand-function-recovery","display_name":"hand function recovery","score":0.6679999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grip-force","display_name":"grip force","score":0.8960000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transcranial-magnetic-stimulation","display_name":"transcranial magnetic stimulation","score":0.8870000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/peripheral-nerve-stimulation","display_name":"peripheral nerve stimulation","score":0.8569999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stimulation-frequency","display_name":"stimulation frequency","score":0.722000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/burst-stimulation","display_name":"burst stimulation","score":0.4490000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inter-individual-variability","display_name":"interindividual variability","score":0.5109999775886536}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47611674","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q849491","display_name":"Neuroplasticity","level":2,"score":0.7174831628799438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.6959056258201599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779779279","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19915308","display_name":"Corticospinal tract","level":4,"score":0.6600211262702942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111437709","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1277874","display_name":"Hebbian theory","level":3,"score":0.6406156420707703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24998067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4114622","display_name":"Stimulation","level":2,"score":0.5392614006996155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778581513","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q263962","display_name":"Transcranial magnetic stimulation","level":3,"score":0.4288177490234375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778583998","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q968731","display_name":"Pyramidal tracts","level":2,"score":0.42666754126548767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.36216649413108826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.25416100025177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.18946731090545654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.08211347460746765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.07373672723770142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143409427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161238","display_name":"Magnetic resonance imaging","level":2,"score":0.0714452862739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149550507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899360","display_name":"Diffusion MRI","level":3,"score":0.04725605249404907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126838900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77604","display_name":"Radiology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:utoronto.scholaris.ca:1807/65703","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1807/65703","pdf_url":"https://utoronto.scholaris.ca/bitstreams/28aaae54-5329-4b18-8e81-98a15ade007f/download","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400261","display_name":"TSpace (University of Toronto)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I185261750","host_organization_name":"University of Toronto","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Thesis"},{"id":"mag:2715228199","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://tspace.library.utoronto.ca/bitstream/1807/65703/3/McGie_Steven_C_201406_PhD_thesis.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:utoronto.scholaris.ca:1807/65703","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1807/65703","pdf_url":"https://utoronto.scholaris.ca/bitstreams/28aaae54-5329-4b18-8e81-98a15ade007f/download","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400261","display_name":"TSpace (University of Toronto)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I185261750","host_organization_name":"University of Toronto","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Thesis"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.98580002784729}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2715228199.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2715228199.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":68,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1533559637","https://openalex.org/W1693245692","https://openalex.org/W1733248925","https://openalex.org/W1826560869","https://openalex.org/W1918662084","https://openalex.org/W1931153232","https://openalex.org/W1967525341","https://openalex.org/W1969091342","https://openalex.org/W1970506018","https://openalex.org/W1982312755","https://openalex.org/W1983948453","https://openalex.org/W1986012099","https://openalex.org/W1986900471","https://openalex.org/W1988067967","https://openalex.org/W1990470025","https://openalex.org/W1998347917","https://openalex.org/W2005325329","https://openalex.org/W2005424148","https://openalex.org/W2006154569","https://openalex.org/W2006251549","https://openalex.org/W2010639923","https://openalex.org/W2011846780","https://openalex.org/W2012924135","https://openalex.org/W2013386483","https://openalex.org/W2022220244","https://openalex.org/W2031044940","https://openalex.org/W2033184249","https://openalex.org/W2035885315","https://openalex.org/W2043036883","https://openalex.org/W2043487837","https://openalex.org/W2046876647","https://openalex.org/W2046997375","https://openalex.org/W2049897379","https://openalex.org/W2050250296","https://openalex.org/W2054649275","https://openalex.org/W2056182434","https://openalex.org/W2057315110","https://openalex.org/W2059148040","https://openalex.org/W2060460256","https://openalex.org/W2062159891","https://openalex.org/W2063182531","https://openalex.org/W2065276794","https://openalex.org/W2077920605","https://openalex.org/W2083559556","https://openalex.org/W2086890404","https://openalex.org/W2090475450","https://openalex.org/W2093534731","https://openalex.org/W2098644279","https://openalex.org/W2108402313","https://openalex.org/W2109554249","https://openalex.org/W2114189395","https://openalex.org/W2121279184","https://openalex.org/W2122802803","https://openalex.org/W2128675085","https://openalex.org/W2132579346","https://openalex.org/W2133276620","https://openalex.org/W2137916378","https://openalex.org/W2140107403","https://openalex.org/W2144492575","https://openalex.org/W2154685499","https://openalex.org/W2159565191","https://openalex.org/W2160783467","https://openalex.org/W2169371082","https://openalex.org/W2169496098","https://openalex.org/W2170807530","https://openalex.org/W2171882419","https://openalex.org/W2399716284","https://openalex.org/W2599951381"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2153057505","https://openalex.org/W2906443347","https://openalex.org/W4285217033","https://openalex.org/W4205824971","https://openalex.org/W3095113955","https://openalex.org/W2050393715","https://openalex.org/W2161116552","https://openalex.org/W2138562519","https://openalex.org/W4205146704","https://openalex.org/W2194837978"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Conventional":[0],"functional":[1,141],"electrical":[2],"stimulation":[3,159,164,222,257],"(FES)":[4],"therapy,":[5],"if":[6],"provided":[7,221,256],"shortly":[8],"after":[9],"an":[10,19,67,84,90],"incomplete":[11],"spinal":[12,157],"cord":[13],"injury,":[14],"is":[15,27,210,317],"able":[16,116,267],"to":[17,21,29,52,64,99,108,117,129,139,191,200,212,237,268,284,297,308,343],"help":[18],"individual":[20],"restore":[22],"voluntary":[23],"hand":[24,100],"function.":[25,101],"This":[26,306,332],"thought":[28],"occur":[30],"through":[31,215],"the":[32,50,125,130,168,175,187,196,201,239,264,285,289,298,314],"induction":[33],"of":[34,183,227,241,263,313],"neuroplasticity.":[35],"However,":[36],"conventional":[37,122],"FES":[38],"therapy":[39],"employs":[40],"a":[41,224,242,248,253,273,310,335,347],"push-button-based":[42],"control":[43,75,92],"scheme,":[44],"which":[45,77,161,255,316],"does":[46],"not":[47,136,322],"fully":[48],"require":[49],"recipient":[51],"generate":[53],"volitional":[54,81],"movements.":[55],"The":[56,102,149,181,232,276],"first":[57,188],"study":[58,151,234,281],"in":[59,66,124,152,258,272,279],"this":[60,134,153,280],"thesis":[61,154],"therefore":[62,235],"sought":[63,236],"determine,":[65],"early":[68],"proof-of-concept":[69],"test":[70],"with":[71,186,247],"able-bodied":[72],"participants,":[73],"whether":[74],"strategies":[76],"are":[78],"triggered":[79],"by":[80,338],"activity":[82],"(including":[83],"electroencephalography-based":[85],"brain-machine":[86],"interface":[87],"(BMI-FES)":[88],"and":[89,112,174,194,252],"electromyogram-based":[91],"scheme":[93],"(EMG-FES))":[94],"might":[95],"provide":[96],"greater":[97,119],"benefits":[98],"results":[103],"offer":[104],"relatively":[105],"weak":[106],"evidence":[107],"suggest":[109],"that":[110,133,208,295,318],"BMI-FES,":[111],"especially":[113],"EMG-FES,":[114],"were":[115,266],"induce":[118,192,270],"neuroplasticity":[120,193,214,271],"than":[121],"treatments":[123],"corticospinal":[126,197],"tract":[127,198],"leading":[128,199],"hands,":[131],"but":[132,325],"did":[135],"immediately":[137],"translate":[138],"more":[140],"improvements":[142],"such":[143,218],"as":[144,185,282,346],"maximum":[145],"grip":[146],"force.":[147],"ii":[148],"second":[150],"focussed":[155],"on":[156,328],"associative":[158],"(SAS),":[160],"involves":[162],"paired":[163],"pulses":[165],"at":[166,223],"both":[167],"head":[169],"(via":[170,177],"transcranial":[171],"magnetic":[172],"stimulation),":[173],"wrist":[176],"peripheral":[178],"nerve":[179],"stimulation).":[180],"purpose":[182],"this,":[184],"study,":[189],"was":[190],"upregulate":[195],"hands.":[202],"While":[203],"limited":[204],"research":[205],"has":[206],"suggested":[207],"it":[209,341],"possible":[211],"produce":[213],"SAS,":[216],"all":[217],"studies":[219],"have":[220,302],"fixed":[225],"frequency":[226],"0.1":[228,244],"or":[229],"0.2":[230],"Hz.":[231],"present":[233],"compare":[238],"effectiveness":[240,320],"typical":[243],"Hz":[245,250,260],"paradigm":[246,254],"1":[249],"paradigm,":[251],"5":[259],"\u201cbursts\u201d.":[261],"None":[262],"paradigms":[265],"successfully":[269],"consistent":[274],"manner.":[275],"increased":[277],"variability":[278],"compared":[283],"previous":[286],"one,":[287],"despite":[288],"nearly":[290],"identical":[291],"assessment":[292],"methodology,":[293],"suggests":[294],"responses":[296],"SAS":[299,339],"treatment":[300],"may":[301,321,333],"been":[303],"highly":[304],"individual.":[305],"serves":[307],"highlight":[309],"potential":[311],"limitation":[312],"treatment,":[315],"its":[319],"be":[323,334,344],"universal,":[324],"rather":[326],"dependent":[327],"each":[329],"specific":[330],"recipient.":[331],"challenge":[336],"faced":[337],"should":[340],"continue":[342],"tested":[345],"novel":[348],"therapy.":[349]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-09-22T06:50:58.402377","created_date":"2017-06-30T00:00:00"}
