{"id":"https://openalex.org/W26900461","doi":null,"title":"Clinical reasoning - a guide to improving teaching and practice.","display_name":"Clinical reasoning - a guide to improving teaching and practice.","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W26900461","mag":"26900461","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22276278"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmid:22276278","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22276278","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Australian family physician","raw_type":"Journal Article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013743687","display_name":"Andrew M.J. Linn","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5681781","display_name":"The University of Adelaide","ror":"https://ror.org/00892tw58","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405259444","https://openalex.org/I5681781"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrew Linn","raw_affiliation_strings":["Clinical Education, Medicine Learning and Teaching Unit, The University of Adelaide, South Australia. andrew.linn@adelaide.edu.au"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Clinical Education, Medicine Learning and Teaching Unit, The University of Adelaide, South Australia. andrew.linn@adelaide.edu.au","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5681781"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071347954","display_name":"Carole Khaw","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9374-2606","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9374-2606"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Carole Khaw","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084284663","display_name":"Hugh Kildea","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hugh Kildea","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110825267","display_name":"Anne Tonkin","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anne Tonkin","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.3803,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":61,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90552461,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"41","issue":"1-2","first_page":"18","last_page":"20"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12574","display_name":"Clinical Reasoning and Diagnostic Skills","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2714","display_name":"Family Practice"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12574","display_name":"Clinical Reasoning and Diagnostic Skills","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2714","display_name":"Family Practice"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10254","display_name":"Innovations in Medical Education","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11744","display_name":"Health Sciences Research and Education","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3600","display_name":"General Health Professions"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clinical-reasoning","display_name":"clinical reasoning","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clinical-education","display_name":"clinical teaching","score":0.40299999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medical-residents","display_name":"medical residents","score":0.5929999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medical-students","display_name":"medical students","score":0.6589999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hypothesis-testing","display_name":"hypothesis testing","score":0.5590000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/differential-diagnosis","display_name":"differential diagnosis","score":0.9909999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feedback","display_name":"feedback","score":0.4519999921321869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clinical-skills-acquisition","display_name":"clinical skills acquisition","score":0.34700000286102295}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.6021884083747864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.534301221370697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37335422","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6888134","display_name":"Model-based reasoning","level":3,"score":0.5151480436325073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103057564","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4751139","display_name":"Analytic reasoning","level":3,"score":0.4850396513938904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36964233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7920942","display_name":"Verbal reasoning","level":3,"score":0.48040321469306946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.4739002287387848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020452639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q454812","display_name":"Clinical judgment","level":2,"score":0.4611300528049469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779974597","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28448986","display_name":"Clinical Practice","level":2,"score":0.43599745631217957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97364631","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q484284","display_name":"Deductive reasoning","level":2,"score":0.39810341596603394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C509550671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126945","display_name":"Medical education","level":1,"score":0.35171282291412354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.3280482888221741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.2850457429885864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.25892794132232666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.18769097328186035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161301231","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3478658","display_name":"Knowledge representation and reasoning","level":2,"score":0.12995445728302002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159110408","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121176","display_name":"Nursing","level":1,"score":0.1282641887664795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19527891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1120908","display_name":"Medical physics","level":1,"score":0.0913780927658081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.08711367845535278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D002983","descriptor_name":"Clinical Competence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004501","descriptor_name":"Education, Medical","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011340","descriptor_name":"Problem Solving","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"pmid:22276278","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22276278","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Australian family physician","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:digital.library.adelaide.edu.au:2440/72236","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2440/72236","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401835","display_name":"Adelaide Research & Scholarship (AR&S) (University of Adelaide)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I5681781","host_organization_name":"The University of Adelaide","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5681781"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Journal article"},{"id":"mag:26900461","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22276278","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality education","score":0.9235000014305115,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":2,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W102573316","https://openalex.org/W4230773480"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3128438682","https://openalex.org/W3046186542","https://openalex.org/W2797981858","https://openalex.org/W3155962472","https://openalex.org/W2900411004","https://openalex.org/W3144298279","https://openalex.org/W2725300482","https://openalex.org/W2792689009","https://openalex.org/W3042588860","https://openalex.org/W7119764292"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"BACKGROUND:":[0],"The":[1,28,93,120],"process":[2,17,46],"of":[3,23,30,47,127],"clinical":[4,31,39,48,59,69],"reasoning":[5,32,49,60,70,109,126,143],"is":[6,14],"undertaken":[7],"by":[8,99,104,135],"all":[9],"clinicians,":[10],"often":[11],"automatically,":[12],"and":[13,21,50,63,117],"the":[15,38,45,52,100,105,108,125,128,138,141],"cognitive":[16],"that":[18],"underlies":[19],"diagnosis":[20],"management":[22],"a":[24,35,55,72,79,84,97,131,145],"patient's":[25],"presenting":[26],"problem.":[27],"teaching":[29,87,101],"can":[33,90],"pose":[34],"challenge":[36],"to":[37,57,61,74,81],"teacher.":[40],"OBJECTIVE:":[41],"This":[42],"article":[43],"reviews":[44],"provides":[51],"teacher":[53,106,129,139],"with":[54],"framework":[56,85],"teach":[58],"students":[62],"junior":[64],"doctors.":[65],"DISCUSSION:":[66],"By":[67],"considering":[68],"as":[71],"skill":[73,89],"be":[75,82,91],"learnt":[76],"rather":[77],"than":[78],"concept":[80],"understood,":[83],"for":[86],"this":[88],"developed.":[92],"learner":[94],"initially":[95],"observes":[96],"consultation":[98],"clinician,":[102],"followed":[103,134],"explaining":[107],"processes":[110],"used":[111],"including":[112],"hypothesising,":[113],"hypothesis":[114],"testing,":[115],"re-analysis":[116],"differential":[118],"diagnosis.":[119],"student":[121],"then":[122],"comments":[123],"on":[124,140],"in":[130,144],"subsequent":[132],"consultation,":[133],"feedback":[136],"from":[137],"student's":[142],"third":[146],"consultation.":[147]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}