{"id":"https://openalex.org/W267807764","doi":null,"title":"'Assisted by a barber': The court apothecary, special effects, and The Gypsies Metamorphosed","display_name":"'Assisted by a barber': The court apothecary, special effects, and The Gypsies Metamorphosed","publication_year":2007,"publication_date":"2007-02-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W267807764","mag":"267807764"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:267807764","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://experts.illinois.edu/en/publications/assisted-by-a-barber-the-court-apothecary-special-effects-and-the","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S48006329","display_name":"Theatre notebook","issn_l":"0040-5523","issn":["0040-5523"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-4","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319847","host_organization_name":"Routledge","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319847","https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Routledge","Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Theatre notebook","raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048415809","display_name":"Andrea Ria Stevens","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Andrea Stevens","raw_affiliation_strings":["English"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"English","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5048415809"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.07568374,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"61","issue":"1","first_page":"2","last_page":"11"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14469","display_name":"Renaissance Literature and Culture","score":0.8554999828338623,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1205","display_name":"Classics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14469","display_name":"Renaissance Literature and Culture","score":0.8554999828338623,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1205","display_name":"Classics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11391","display_name":"Theatre and Performance Studies","score":0.11400000005960464,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1213","display_name":"Visual Arts and Performing Arts"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13330","display_name":"Theater, Performance, and Music History","score":0.006300000008195639,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1210","display_name":"Music"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ben-jonson","display_name":"Ben Jonson","score":0.9739999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blackface","display_name":"blackface","score":0.718999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theatrical-makeup","display_name":"theatrical makeup","score":0.6570000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/special-effects","display_name":"special effects","score":0.6179999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/court-masques","display_name":"court masques","score":0.7549999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/racial-representation","display_name":"racial representation","score":0.5180000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/apothecary-guilds","display_name":"apothecary guilds","score":0.6959999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/james-i","display_name":"James I","score":0.39899998903274536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/charles-i","display_name":"Charles I","score":0.9739999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/early-modern-theatre","display_name":"early modern theatre","score":0.4410000145435333}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8293153","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q620565","display_name":"Apothecaries' system","level":2,"score":0.9672670364379883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776962759","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1131236","display_name":"Apothecary","level":2,"score":0.9465535879135132},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778941711","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8024561","display_name":"Windsor","level":2,"score":0.7755948305130005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.5030083060264587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777020284","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q555987","display_name":"Limelight","level":2,"score":0.49250397086143494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199033989","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1318295","display_name":"Narrative","level":2,"score":0.44684073328971863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781009331","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q880808","display_name":"Blackface","level":3,"score":0.4170609414577484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.41204094886779785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.3750128448009491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124952713","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8242","display_name":"Literature","level":1,"score":0.37360039353370667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74916050","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q841090","display_name":"Classics","level":1,"score":0.27746760845184326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52119013","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50637","display_name":"Art history","level":1,"score":0.26252394914627075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.16949716210365295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780458788","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5882564","display_name":"Hollywood","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:267807764","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://experts.illinois.edu/en/publications/assisted-by-a-barber-the-court-apothecary-special-effects-and-the","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S48006329","display_name":"Theatre notebook","issn_l":"0040-5523","issn":["0040-5523"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-4","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319847","host_organization_name":"Routledge","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319847","https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Routledge","Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Theatre notebook","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","score":0.6499999761581421,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2053482183","https://openalex.org/W2481808044","https://openalex.org/W2912001241","https://openalex.org/W2495630495","https://openalex.org/W2094765018","https://openalex.org/W4230252205","https://openalex.org/W2395600659","https://openalex.org/W3046928805","https://openalex.org/W4250089972","https://openalex.org/W4408470827"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,77,305,353],"an":[1,258,541],"epilogue":[2],"added":[3],"to":[4,28,96,105,133,168,222,225,248,281,290,310,314,334,379,391,404,458],"the":[5,24,30,40,48,59,69,73,86,89,97,106,134,150,154,160,165,178,180,187,190,200,208,232,270,286,293,296,299,311,319,324,360,373,380,385,397,409,419,422,478,514,529,538,566,571,575,580,609,630],"only":[6,195],"court":[7,70,108,151,242],"performance":[8,109],"of":[9,39,43,56,61,88,99,110,121,137,156,164,182,189,202,210,231,261,272,285,288,298,318,321,362,394,412,421,424,448,465,488,513,540,556],"his":[10],"masque":[11],"The":[12,112,291,329,559],"Gypsies":[13,117],"Metamorphosed":[14],"(1621),":[15],"Ben":[16],"Jonson":[17],"credited":[18],"apothecary":[19,91],"John":[20,204,282,315],"Rumler":[21,114,206,223,244,284,307,317,355,402,466],"with":[22,250,437,593],"making":[23,483,499],"theatrical":[25],"paint":[26,395],"used":[27,167],"disguise":[29],"masquers":[31],"as":[32,196,217,623,627],"'tawny'-coloured":[33],"gypsies.":[34],"(1)":[35],"Given":[36,579],"current":[37],"re-evaluations":[38],"trade":[41],"affiliations":[42],"London's":[44],"playing":[45],"industries":[46],"in":[47,63,145,159,199,228,240,269,371,400,441,565,569,620,633],"early-modern":[49,90,586],"period,":[50],"this":[51,392],"mention":[52],"opens":[53],"intriguing":[54],"lines":[55],"inquiry":[57],"into":[58],"role":[60,87],"apothecaries":[62,491,589,606,619],"providing":[64],"special":[65,143],"makeup":[66],"effects":[67],"for":[68,116,177,235,276,302,326,336,349,408,473,482,495,628],"and":[71,92,101,124,162,214,237,254,295,340,342,376,455,476,498,507,595,608,618],"possibly":[72,130],"public":[74],"stage.":[75],"(2)":[76],"what":[78],"follows,":[79],"I":[80,125,213,216,547],"briefly":[81],"outline":[82],"Rumler's":[83,129],"background,":[84],"discuss":[85],"its":[93,428,449],"potential":[94],"relevance":[95],"business":[98,539],"theatre,":[100],"examine":[102],"Jonson's":[103,634],"revisions":[104],"Windsor":[107],"Gypsies.":[111],"ointment":[113],"concocted":[115],"was":[118,416],"a":[119,141,369,406,434,518,544,554],"form":[120],"race-disguising":[122],"paint,":[123],"conclude":[126],"by":[127,418,531],"exploring":[128],"innovative":[131],"contribution":[132],"stage":[135,172],"device":[136],"blackface":[138],"(itself":[139],"often":[140,615],"controversial":[142],"effect,":[144],"particular":[146],"when":[147],"deployed":[148],"within":[149],"masque).":[152],"Reconsidering":[153],"involvement":[155],"different":[157,600],"trades":[158],"creation":[161],"supply":[163],"materials":[166],"represent":[169],"race":[170],"on":[171],"can":[173],"help":[174],"us":[175],"account":[176],"way":[179],"conventions":[181],"racial":[183],"representation":[184],"changed":[185],"over":[186],"course":[188],"seventeenth":[191],"century.":[192],"(3)":[193],"Identified":[194],"'Master":[197],"Woolf'":[198],"text":[201],"Gypsies,":[203],"Wolfgang":[205,283,316],"served":[207],"households":[209],"Kings":[211],"James":[212,527],"Charles":[215,372],"royal":[218],"apothecary.":[219],"(4)":[220],"References":[221],"are":[224,534],"be":[226,524,553],"found":[227],"narrative":[229],"histories":[230],"apothecaries'":[233],"guild,":[234],"example,":[236],"more":[238],"usefully":[239],"surviving":[241],"accounts.":[243],"may":[245],"have":[246],"come":[247],"England":[249],"Queen":[251],"Anne's":[252],"retinue":[253],"likely":[255],"came":[256],"from":[257],"Augsburg":[259],"family":[260],"medical":[262,443,587],"men.":[263],"(5)":[264],"He":[265,367],"is":[266,396,433,543],"first":[267],"mentioned":[268],"Calendar":[271],"State":[273],"Papers":[274],"Domestic":[275],"20":[277],"July":[278],"1604:":[279],"'Grant":[280,313],"office":[287,320],"Apothecary":[289,309,322,542],"Queen,":[292],"Prince,":[294],"rest":[297],"Royal":[300],"children,":[301],"life'.":[303,327],"(6)":[304],"1607":[306],"becomes":[308],"King:":[312],"[to":[323],"King],":[325],"(7)":[328],"CSPD":[330],"records":[331,463],"sums":[332],"owed":[333],"him":[335,469],"'physical":[337],"things,":[338],"perfumes,":[339,506],"&'":[341],"safe":[343],"conduct":[344],"granted":[345],"'to":[346],"go":[347],"abroad":[348],"Rhenish":[350],"wines'.":[351],"(8)":[352],"addition,":[354],"either":[356],"embalmed":[357],"or":[358,625],"oversaw":[359],"embalming":[361],"King":[363,381,526],"James'":[364],"body.":[365],"(9)":[366],"obtained":[368],"position":[370],"First's":[374],"government":[375],"carried":[377],"parcels":[378],"at":[382],"Oxford":[383],"during":[384],"Civil":[386],"War.":[387],"(10)":[388],"Particularly":[389],"relevant":[390],"discussion":[393],"fact":[398],"that":[399,522,551],"1620":[401],"tried":[403],"secure":[405],"patent":[407],"sole":[410],"manufacture":[411],"'mercurie":[413],"sublimate',":[414],"but":[415,535,537],"prevented":[417],"Assistants":[420],"Society":[423,563],"Apothecaries.":[425],"(11)":[426],"Among":[427],"other":[429],"uses,":[430],"mercury":[431],"sublimate":[432],"skin-bleaching":[435],"agent":[436],"potentially":[438],"toxic":[439],"properties:":[440],"1598":[442],"student":[444],"Richard":[445],"Haydock":[446],"warned":[447],"noxious":[450],"effects,":[451],"calling":[452],"it":[453,549],"'biting'":[454],"'very":[456],"offensive":[457],"mans":[459],"flesh'.":[460],"(12)":[461],"What":[462],"remain":[464],"therefore":[467],"show":[468],"developing":[470],"processes":[471],"both":[472],"artificially":[474],"darkening,":[475],"lightening,":[477],"skin.":[479],"Primarily":[480],"known":[481],"medicines":[484],"(and":[485],"sometimes":[486],"accused":[487],"confecting":[489],"poisons),":[490],"were":[492,511,590],"also":[493,573],"responsible":[494],"dispensing":[496],"spices":[497],"ointments,":[500],"tinctures,":[501],"washes,":[502],"balms,":[503],"sweet":[504],"waters,":[505],"cosmetics.":[508],"(13)":[509],"Apothecaries":[510,560],"part":[512],"Grocers'":[515],"Company":[516],"until":[517],"1617":[519],"charter":[520],"decreed":[521],"they":[523,552],"separate.":[525],"defended":[528],"split":[530],"declaring":[532],"'Grocers":[533],"merchants,":[536],"Mistery,":[545],"wherefore":[546],"think":[548],"fitting":[550],"Corporation":[555],"themselves'.":[557],"(14)":[558],"purchased":[561],"their":[562],"Hall":[564],"Blackfriars":[567,576],"district":[568],"1632,":[570],"purchase":[572],"including":[574],"Theatre.":[577],"(15)":[578],"less":[581],"than":[582],"rigid":[583],"distinctions":[584],"among":[585],"professionals,":[588],"closely":[591],"associated":[592],"physicians":[594,604,617],"barber-surgeons,":[596],"although":[597],"each":[598],"performed":[599],"work:":[601],"roughly":[602],"speaking,":[603],"prescribed,":[605],"dispensed,":[607],"barber-surgeons":[610],"cut.":[611],"(16)":[612],"Early-modern":[613],"plays":[614],"depict":[616],"negative":[621],"terms":[622],"charlatans":[624],"worse,":[626],"example":[629],"murderous":[631],"Eudemus":[632],"Sejanus.":[635],"\u2026":[636]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-09-22T06:50:58.402377","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}