{"id":"https://openalex.org/W26739827","doi":null,"title":"Social Origins and Inequality in Educational Returns in the Labour Market in Spain","display_name":"Social Origins and Inequality in Educational Returns in the Labour Market in Spain","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W26739827","mag":"26739827"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:cadmus.eui.eu:1814/24375","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/1814/24375","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196332","display_name":"Cadmus - EUI Research Repository (European University Institute)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I874792244","host_organization_name":"European University Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I874792244"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/workingPaper"},"volume":null,"type":"report","is_traditional":false,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/1814/24375","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018156650","display_name":"Fabrizio Bernardi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5544-5184","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5544-5184"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Fabrizio Bernardi","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5544-5184","affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5018156650"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":19,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12088","display_name":"Intergenerational and Educational Inequality Studies","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12088","display_name":"Intergenerational and Educational Inequality Studies","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10208","display_name":"Labor market dynamics and wage inequality","score":0.001500000013038516,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11895","display_name":"Cultural Capital and Social Class","score":0.0012000000569969416,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-background","display_name":"social background","score":0.8349999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economic-returns-to-education","display_name":"economic returns to education","score":0.7950000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/labor-market-success","display_name":"labor market success","score":0.6629999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-inequality","display_name":"social inequality","score":0.609000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/credential-inflation","display_name":"credential inflation","score":0.9020000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-stratification","display_name":"social stratification","score":0.4959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/professional-and-managerial-occupations","display_name":"professional and managerial occupations","score":0.8349999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/educational-attainment","display_name":"educational attainment","score":0.5569999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/socioeconomic-index","display_name":"socioeconomic index","score":0.6259999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/labour-income","display_name":"labor income","score":0.6859999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-networks","display_name":"social networks","score":0.4749999940395355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spain","display_name":"Spain","score":0.4300000071525574}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48158472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q841628","display_name":"Social stratification","level":2,"score":0.6410526633262634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32437296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6545083","display_name":"Life chances","level":3,"score":0.5852199196815491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110888244","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187588","display_name":"Social class","level":2,"score":0.5542259216308594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777810591","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16861606","display_name":"Credential","level":2,"score":0.5345112085342407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4249254","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3044431","display_name":"Demographic economics","level":1,"score":0.5156463384628296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37129596","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194417","display_name":"Social mobility","level":2,"score":0.5124743580818176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45555294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28113351","display_name":"Inequality","level":2,"score":0.5053620934486389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.4943976402282715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165148211","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5431887","display_name":"Social inequality","level":3,"score":0.4771254062652588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145236788","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28161","display_name":"Labour economics","level":1,"score":0.47456982731819153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777597347","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4672460","display_name":"Access to Higher Education","level":3,"score":0.4516831338405609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778783286","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q861360","display_name":"Educational inequality","level":3,"score":0.43716591596603394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120912362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q136822","display_name":"Higher education","level":2,"score":0.4236918091773987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779297142","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3276412","display_name":"Educational attainment","level":2,"score":0.42235130071640015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142806620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189970","display_name":"Social status","level":2,"score":0.41525009274482727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.2822904586791992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.20806309580802917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.1778528392314911},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.11267167329788208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34447519","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179522","display_name":"Market economy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:cadmus.eui.eu:1814/24375","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/1814/24375","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196332","display_name":"Cadmus - EUI Research Repository (European University Institute)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I874792244","host_organization_name":"European University Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I874792244"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/workingPaper"},{"id":"mag:26739827","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://cadmus.eui.eu/handle/1814/24375","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:cadmus.eui.eu:1814/24375","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/1814/24375","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196332","display_name":"Cadmus - EUI Research Repository (European University Institute)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I874792244","host_organization_name":"European University Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I874792244"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/workingPaper"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.9629999995231628,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"},{"display_name":"Quality education","score":0.5385000109672546,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"},{"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","score":0.48510000109672546,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W587503227","https://openalex.org/W1489341982","https://openalex.org/W1573099351","https://openalex.org/W1580804840","https://openalex.org/W1603692835","https://openalex.org/W1767995805","https://openalex.org/W1977171136","https://openalex.org/W1998250792","https://openalex.org/W2039714495","https://openalex.org/W2045034890","https://openalex.org/W2050482467","https://openalex.org/W2055016858","https://openalex.org/W2075664771","https://openalex.org/W2076503669","https://openalex.org/W2087888764","https://openalex.org/W2106759695","https://openalex.org/W2122372661","https://openalex.org/W2141348752","https://openalex.org/W2142789431","https://openalex.org/W2166175414","https://openalex.org/W2335029836","https://openalex.org/W2488516423","https://openalex.org/W2673365842","https://openalex.org/W2752305323"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2249734159","https://openalex.org/W2903107672","https://openalex.org/W7099589802","https://openalex.org/W2132582489","https://openalex.org/W3082250003","https://openalex.org/W2769470853","https://openalex.org/W2346748917","https://openalex.org/W6981359050","https://openalex.org/W7213714558","https://openalex.org/W2142789431"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1,134,213],"addresses":[2],"four":[3],"descriptive":[4],"research":[5],"questions.":[6],"First,":[7],"is":[8,49,138,175,275],"there":[9,137],"a":[10,115,125,139,283],"direct":[11,141,223],"effect":[12,24,31,142,150,224],"of":[13,25,43,66,104,122,132,143,181,225,237,246,248,270],"social":[14,90,127,144,226,238,264,278],"background":[15],"on":[16,40,61,146,176,228],"labour":[17,108,113],"market":[18,109],"success":[19,105],"over":[20,33,77,162],"and":[21,73,100,119,164,208],"above":[22],"the":[23,41,59,64,69,84,94,107,120,133,177,186,195,200,212,222,235,244,268],"own":[26],"education?":[27],"Second,":[28],"has":[29,151],"this":[30,149],"declined":[32],"time?":[34,78],"Third,":[35],"does":[36,166],"it":[37,50,158,165,251,261,274],"vary":[38],"depending":[39],"level":[42],"education":[44,62],"achieved":[45],"and,":[46],"more":[47],"precisely,":[48],"weaker":[51],"among":[52,169],"those":[53,170],"with":[54,171],"higher":[55,172],"education.":[56,173],"Finally,":[57],"have":[58,160],"returns":[60],"in":[63,106,199,281],"chances":[65,121,192],"access":[67,123,194],"to":[68,124,193,203,217,267,277],"upper":[70],"class":[71],"(professional":[72],"managerial":[74],"occupations)":[75],"varied":[76],"These":[79],"questions":[80],"are":[81,111,135,210],"addressed":[82],"for":[83,93],"Spanish":[85],"case":[86],"by":[87,256],"using":[88],"comparable":[89],"stratification":[91],"surveys":[92],"years":[95],"1988,":[96],"1989,":[97],"1990-1998,":[98],"2005":[99],"2006.":[101],"Three":[102],"measures":[103],"(LM)":[110],"considered:":[112],"income,":[114],"socio-economic":[116],"index":[117],"(ISEI)":[118],"given":[126],"class.":[128],"The":[129],"main":[130],"findings":[131],"that:":[136],"considerable":[140],"origin":[145,271],"LM":[147,229],"success;":[148],"not":[152,167],"changed":[153],"(and":[154],"actually":[155,240],"if":[156],"anything":[157],"might":[159,262],"increased)":[161],"time;":[163],"vanish":[168],"There":[174],"other":[178],"hand":[179],"evidence":[180],"credential":[182],"inflation,":[183],"such":[184],"that":[185],"same":[187],"educational":[188],"qualification":[189],"provided":[190],"better":[191],"most":[196],"rewarding":[197],"occupations":[198],"past,":[201],"compared":[202],"nowadays.":[204],"Once":[205],"these":[206],"phenomena":[207],"trends":[209],"documented,":[211],"also":[214],"sets":[215],"out":[216],"investigate":[218],"possible":[219],"mechanisms":[220],"underlying":[221],"origins":[227,239],"success.":[230],"It,":[231],"thus,":[232],"explores":[233],"whether":[234,250,260,273],"influence":[236],"become":[241],"apparent":[242],"through":[243],"choice":[245],"field":[247],"studies,":[249],"reflects":[252],"different":[253],"abilities":[254],"captured":[255],"performance":[257],"at":[258],"school,":[259],"hinder":[263],"skills":[265],"related":[266],"family":[269],"or":[272],"due":[276],"networks":[279],"used":[280],"finding":[282],"job.":[284]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-11-06T12:05:46.655746","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}