{"id":"https://openalex.org/W265201351","doi":null,"title":"An Examination of a Fissure within the Implementation of the NCLB Accountability Process","display_name":"An Examination of a Fissure within the Implementation of the NCLB Accountability Process","publication_year":2006,"publication_date":"2006-09-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W265201351","mag":"265201351"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:265201351","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ765808","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Education","raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Bill Thornton","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bill Thornton","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"George C. Hill","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"George C. Hill","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049787665","display_name":"Janet Usinger","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-8270-4445","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0008-8270-4445"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Janet Usinger","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.3624,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90888416,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"127","issue":"1","first_page":"115","last_page":"120"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13405","display_name":"Educational Assessment and Improvement","score":0.7505000233650208,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1802","display_name":"Information Systems and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13405","display_name":"Educational Assessment and Improvement","score":0.7505000233650208,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1802","display_name":"Information Systems and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14017","display_name":"Legal Issues in Education","score":0.1582999974489212,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14033","display_name":"Education in Rural Contexts","score":0.06880000233650208,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/no-child-left-behind-act","display_name":"No Child Left Behind Act","score":0.9919999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/school-accountability","display_name":"school accountability","score":0.7549999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adequate-yearly-progress","display_name":"Adequate Yearly Progress","score":0.8330000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/special-education","display_name":"special education","score":0.7599999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rural-schools","display_name":"rural schools","score":0.9860000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/teacher-and-administrator-perceptions","display_name":"teacher and administrator perceptions","score":0.5249999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/achievement-gap","display_name":"achievement gap","score":0.5009999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/education-policy-implementation","display_name":"education policy implementation","score":0.4320000112056732}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776007630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2798912","display_name":"Accountability","level":2,"score":0.7192384600639343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983172159","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1329394","display_name":"No child left behind","level":3,"score":0.6809094548225403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778496695","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q254128","display_name":"Dilemma","level":2,"score":0.6750733852386475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100521375","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2015382","display_name":"Competence (human resources)","level":2,"score":0.6042078137397766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.4672669470310211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154482161","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2251268","display_name":"Mainstreaming","level":3,"score":0.4264104664325714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203151758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3244907","display_name":"Standardized test","level":2,"score":0.4217830002307892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.41307616233825684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.4079793691635132},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.39749637246131897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28858896","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q212105","display_name":"Special education","level":2,"score":0.3040497601032257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.18501457571983337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.13861122727394104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:265201351","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ765808","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Education","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality education","score":0.7567999958992004,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"},{"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","score":0.6601999998092651,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","score":0.5400000214576721,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2060868382","https://openalex.org/W323588759","https://openalex.org/W1563251484","https://openalex.org/W7100343228","https://openalex.org/W45359657","https://openalex.org/W2951141640","https://openalex.org/W2189094347","https://openalex.org/W1978433711","https://openalex.org/W2729223130","https://openalex.org/W7098329890"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Introduction":[0],"Under":[1],"the":[2,28,55,73,95,102,105,134,147,180,190,206,210,219,253,262,279,287,315,347,375,399,404,419,440,452,493,497,536,566,595,608,614,627,630],"No":[3],"Child":[4],"Left":[5],"Behind":[6],"Act":[7],"of":[8,31,51,85,88,101,128,133,146,150,171,182,200,212,261,267,273,282,302,314,352,366,421,462,473,514,535,547,565,577,594,616,629],"2001":[9],"(NCLB),":[10],"all":[11,271,300,422],"schools":[12,67,196,232,249,320,343,463,586],"are":[13,36,80,152,216,532,581,590,605],"required":[14,280],"to":[15,121,188,233,334,360,380,470,618],"assess":[16],"their":[17],"students'":[18],"academic":[19,86,306,337],"competence":[20],"in":[21,46,65,76,161,247,258,346,413,433,464,492,525,557,582,626],"core":[22],"subject":[23],"areas.":[24],"Most":[25],"stakeholders":[26],"accept":[27],"general":[29,52],"goals":[30],"NCLB;":[32],"however,":[33,374],"most":[34,316],"educators":[35],"extremely":[37],"concerned":[38],"that":[39,77,127,132,142,192,270,299,319,329,450,509,524,543,563,574],"actual":[40],"compliance":[41],"will":[42],"be":[43,294,468,490],"difficult":[44],"and":[45,68,131,159,224,244,251,286,364,388,587],"some":[47],"cases":[48],"impossible.":[49],"Regardless":[50],"attitude":[53],"about":[54],"law,":[56],"this":[57],"accountability":[441],"requirement":[59],"has":[60,69],"become":[61],"a":[62,167,177,382,393,414,444,544,592,599,606,622],"driving":[63],"force":[64],"public":[66],"particular":[70],"significance":[71],"for":[72,82,236,386,401,478],"building":[74],"principals,":[75],"progressive":[78],"consequences":[79],"imposed":[81],"consecutive":[83],"years":[84],"failure":[87,345,617],"students.":[89,505],"Furthermore,":[90],"Faircloth":[91],"(2004)":[92],"clearly":[93],"presented":[94],"quandary":[96],"when":[97],"she":[98],"stated,":[99],"Implication":[100],"NCLB":[103,151,227,268,370,553,600],"at":[104,136],"school":[106,119,135,610],"level":[107,281],"presents":[108],"not":[109,209,322,430,489,533,591],"only":[110],"an":[111,115],"administrative,":[112],"but":[113,208,613],"also":[114],"ethical":[116,148],"dilemma;":[117],"forcing":[118],"leaders":[120],"choose":[122],"between":[123,290],"two":[124],"competing":[125],"values,":[126],"individual":[129],"child":[130],"large":[311,545],"(p.":[138],"32).":[139],"Two":[140,214],"populations":[141,199],"expressly":[143],"reveal":[144],"one":[145,313],"conflicts":[149],"students":[153,160,201,274,303,330,409,428,479,485,531,548,568,578,589,604],"with":[154,197,202,205,331,424,435,480,486,579],"Individualized":[155],"Education":[156],"Plans":[157],"(IEP)":[158],"rural":[162,195,248,342,527,570,585],"schools.":[163,571],"Each":[164],"situation":[165],"poses":[166],"very":[168],"different":[169],"set":[170],"concerns,":[172],"but,":[173],"taken":[174],"together":[175],"reveals":[176],"fissure":[178,397],"within":[179,398],"implementation":[181],"NCLB.":[183,213],"This":[184],"study":[185],"was":[186,456,501],"designed":[187],"explore":[189],"disconnect":[191],"occurs":[193],"as":[194,222,256,598,621],"small":[198,341,353,436],"IEPs":[203,332,487,580],"comply":[204],"letter":[207],"spirit":[211],"questions":[215],"posed.":[217],"Does":[218],"process":[221,255,597,612],"defined":[223,257],"implemented":[225],"under":[226],"have":[228,549],"cracks":[229],"which":[230],"allow":[231],"avoid":[234,344],"many":[237,340,526],"IEP":[238,555],"students?":[239],"Second,":[240],"how":[241],"do":[242,321],"teachers":[243],"administers":[245],"working":[246],"interpret":[250],"understand":[252],"NCLB?":[259],"Description":[260],"Problem":[263],"The":[264,296,355,539],"component":[266],"requires":[269,371],"groups":[272,292,301,423,434],"meet":[275,471],"established":[276],"standards.":[277],"Progressively,":[278],"achievement":[283,288,420],"must":[284,293,304],"increase":[285],"gap":[289],"various":[291],"reduced.":[295],"law":[297,356,376],"states":[298,466,511],"demonstrate":[305],"mastery":[307],"by":[308,499],"20132014.":[309],"In":[310,368,443,482],"schools,":[312,484,528],"common":[317],"reasons":[318],"make":[323,335,619],"Adequate":[324],"Yearly":[325],"Progress":[326],"(AYP)":[327],"is":[328,392,407,429,542,624],"fail":[333],"appropriate":[336],"progress.":[338],"However,":[339,602],"special":[348,529],"education":[349,530],"category":[350,415],"because":[351,496],"enrollments.":[354],"allows":[357,377],"each":[358,378],"state":[359,379,405],"establish":[361,381],"standards,":[362],"assessments,":[363],"levels":[365],"proficiency.":[367],"addition,":[369],"participation":[372],"standards;":[373],"minimum":[383,453],"group":[384,411,546,623],"size":[385,412,455],"reporting":[387,476],"purposes.":[390],"Herein,":[391],"basic":[394],"dilemma":[395],"or":[396,516],"law;":[400],"example,":[402],"if":[403,451],"threshold":[406],"25":[408,427,510],"(the":[410],"per":[416],"grade),":[417],"then":[418],"fewer":[425],"than":[426,503],"reported.":[431],"Students":[432,556],"membership":[437],"fall":[438],"through":[439],"cracks.":[442],"recent":[445],"analysis,":[446],"Olson":[447,506],"(2005)":[448],"found":[449],"subgroup":[454],"60":[457,504],"students,":[458],"almost":[459],"100":[460],"percent":[461],"five":[465],"would":[467,488],"able":[469],"requirements":[472],"AYP":[474,620],"without":[475],"results":[477],"IEPs.":[481],"these":[483,588,603],"considered":[491],"process,":[495],"number":[498],"grade":[500],"less":[502],"further":[507],"indicated":[508],"require":[512],"subgroups":[513],"40":[515],"larger":[517],"before":[518],"processes":[520],"apply.":[521],"It":[522,572],"follows":[523,573],"part":[534,593,607],"process.":[538],"functional":[540],"impact":[541,615],"been":[550],"excluded":[551],"from":[552],"requirements.":[554],"Rural":[558],"Schools":[559],"Reeves":[560],"(2003)":[561],"estimated":[562],"25%-30%":[564],"nation's":[567],"attend":[569],"25%-":[575],"30%":[576],"those":[583],"same":[584],"group.":[601],"total":[609],"lost":[625],"aggregation":[628],"data.":[631],"\u2026":[632]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-01T11:40:01.658920","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}