{"id":"https://openalex.org/W26500875","doi":null,"title":"Comparing the Dynamics of Second and Third Force Psychology","display_name":"Comparing the Dynamics of Second and Third Force Psychology","publication_year":2001,"publication_date":"2001-09-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W26500875","mag":"26500875"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:26500875","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.questia.com/library/journal/1G1-80856268/comparing-the-dynamics-of-second-and-third-force-psychology","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Education","raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078722439","display_name":"Russell N. Cassel","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Russell N. Cassel","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5078722439"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0072317,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":"122","issue":"1","first_page":"131","last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12787","display_name":"Human Behavior and Motivation","score":0.22750000655651093,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3202","display_name":"Applied Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12787","display_name":"Human Behavior and Motivation","score":0.22750000655651093,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3202","display_name":"Applied Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10214","display_name":"Psychotherapy Techniques and Applications","score":0.18930000066757202,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12430","display_name":"Academic and Historical Perspectives in Psychology","score":0.1704999953508377,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3200","display_name":"General Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychoanalysis","display_name":"psychoanalysis","score":0.8410000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/person-centered-therapy","display_name":"client-centered therapy","score":0.8849999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-dissonance","display_name":"cognitive dissonance","score":0.8410000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychological-change","display_name":"psychological change","score":0.5180000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/free-association","display_name":"free association","score":0.546999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unconscious-conflict","display_name":"unconscious conflict","score":0.3659999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/self-directed-change","display_name":"self-directed change","score":0.5210000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/therapist-role","display_name":"therapist role","score":0.4449999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human-behavior","display_name":"human behavior","score":0.36899998784065247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-care","display_name":"health care","score":0.5659999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/humanistic-psychology","display_name":"humanistic psychology","score":0.4399999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/behaviorism","display_name":"behaviorism","score":0.3659999966621399}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115786838","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192105","display_name":"Unconscious mind","level":2,"score":0.689127504825592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77513098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q209722","display_name":"Cognitive dissonance","level":2,"score":0.6869862079620361},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.6146513223648071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25343380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q277521","display_name":"Relation (database)","level":2,"score":0.5413849353790283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145912823","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q113558","display_name":"Dynamics (music)","level":2,"score":0.4599117636680603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.4151190519332886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.33979809284210205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.3246656060218811},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11171543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41630","display_name":"Psychoanalysis","level":1,"score":0.3170195519924164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:26500875","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.questia.com/library/journal/1G1-80856268/comparing-the-dynamics-of-second-and-third-force-psychology","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Education","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W181374441","https://openalex.org/W161450730","https://openalex.org/W2119272458","https://openalex.org/W2961269117","https://openalex.org/W2075468683","https://openalex.org/W1682628167","https://openalex.org/W424923806","https://openalex.org/W2157227975","https://openalex.org/W322379021","https://openalex.org/W17182696"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[418],"two":[1],"major":[2],"schools":[3],"of":[4,15,49,77,118,159,176,184,202,248,257,328,397,493,511,591,629],"psychology":[5,322],"which":[6,436],"prevail":[7],"in":[8,19,51,81,111,167,179,243,263,339,346,355,412,416,434,439,452,479,560],"the":[9,16,68,73,93,103,149,155,168,182,191,198,209,223,231,236,246,249,254,281,290,298,316,324,329,372,382,392,395,405,417,429,445,453,460,480,485,497,506,529,532,556,572,580,588,592,609,616,623],"college":[10],"and":[11,25,36,62,75,109,116,161,200,205,245,284,304,326,332,357,361,366,390,423,469,516,531,541,552,582,605,618,626],"university":[12],"education":[13],"channels":[14],"world":[17,183,330],"today":[18],"relation":[20,112,180],"to":[21,67,113,132,139,142,172,181,193,195,207,216,252,260,352,358,371,428,505,550,571,598,615],"understanding":[22,117],"human":[23,119],"behavior":[24,120],"health":[26],"care":[27],"are:(1)":[28],"Second":[29,85,88,551,604],"Force":[30,39,86,89,308,311,348,443,501,545,554,562,607],"Psychology":[31,40,87,90,309,349,444,546,555,563,608],"embraced":[32,41,320],"largely":[33,57],"by":[34,42,121,321,363,384,567],"Psychiatry,":[35],"(2)":[37],"Third":[38,307,310,347,442,500,553,606],"Psychology.":[43],"basic":[45,94,150,342,406],"thrust":[108],"for":[47,53,105,152,226,289,296,344,394,407,491,499,558,584,631],"change":[48,110,153,227,253,291,345,408,454,464,559,593],"individuals":[50,575,601,610],"theory":[52,95],"both":[54],"disciplines":[55],"come":[56],"from":[58,163,431,466],"internal":[59,107,354],"sources-a":[60],"thinking":[61,74,365,468,581],"planning":[63,367,470,583],"individual;":[64,368],"as":[65,92,102,190,335,369,404,414,426],"opposed":[66,370,427],"psychologist":[69],"or":[70,186,375,483,489,509,574,600],"psychiatrist":[71],"doing":[72],"imposing":[76],"ideas":[78],"on":[79,230],"them":[80],"some":[82,568],"external":[83,377,570,597],"fashion.":[84],"serves":[91,101,189],"underlying":[96],"Psychoanalysis":[97,188,435],"where":[98,144,619],"free":[99],"association":[100],"basis":[104],"an":[106,286,494],"management,":[114],"care,":[115],"a":[122,270,276,364,448,467,476],"psychiatrist.":[123],"Patient":[124],"is":[125,154,251,318,333,437,564,595],"not":[126,484,525],"asked":[127,131],"questions,":[128],"but":[129,274,456],"simply":[130],"talk":[133],"about":[134],"anything":[135],"that":[136,170,293,381,402,462,522,579],"first":[137,536],"comes":[138,465,535],"mind--people":[140],"tend":[141],"reveal":[143],"discomforts":[145],"are":[146,241,350,409,518,612],"greatest.":[147],"Underlying":[148],"need":[151],"patient's":[156],"personal":[157,214,486,507,533],"experience":[158],"discomfort":[160],"pain":[162],"sources":[164],"hidden":[165],"deep":[166],"unconscious":[169],"served":[171],"prevent":[173],"full":[174,548],"utilization":[175],"one's":[177,264],"potential":[178],"work":[185],"play.":[187],"means":[192,380,578],"bring":[194],"conscious":[196],"level":[197],"nature":[199,413],"degree":[201],"such":[203,220,239,258,398,585],"hurts,":[204],"then":[206],"assist":[208],"individual,":[210],"through":[211],"their":[212],"own":[213,385],"actions,":[215],"consciously":[217],"deal":[218],"with":[219],"discomforts.":[221],"Here":[222],"main":[224],"focuses":[228],"squarely":[229],"cognitive":[232,299],"dissonance":[233,300],"elements":[234,240,259],"creating":[235],"discomfort.":[237],"Typically":[238],"negative":[255,438],"nature,":[244,356],"task":[247],"individual":[250,282,383,495,573,599],"aspects":[256],"positive":[261,411],"forces":[262],"life.":[265],"Psychiatrist":[267],"always":[268,457,596,613],"plays":[269,447,475],"rather":[271],"passive":[272],"type,":[273],"often":[275],"very":[277,449],"cunning":[278],"role":[279,451,478],"helping":[280],"plan":[283],"implement":[285],"acceptable":[287],"mode":[288,490],"process--one":[292],"holds":[294],"promise":[295],"eliminating":[297],"present":[301],"(Festinger,":[302],"1957,":[303],"Taylor,":[305],"1962).":[306],"Psychology,":[312],"only":[313],"old":[314],"since":[315],"1960s,":[317],"clearly":[319],"throughout":[323],"colleges":[325],"universities":[327],"today,":[331],"characterized":[334],"being":[336],"Person":[337],"Centered":[338],"nature.":[340,440],"characteristic":[343],"planned":[351],"be":[353,359,388],"created":[360],"implemented":[362],"psychologist,":[373],"counselor,":[374],"other":[376],"source.":[378],"This":[379],"self":[386],"must":[387],"involved":[389,611],"remain":[391],"center":[614],"development":[396,508,515,534],"change.":[399,632],"dynamics":[401],"serve":[403],"typically":[410,474],"described":[415],"Personal":[419,514],"Development":[420],"Test":[421],"(Cassel,":[422],"Chow.,":[424],"2001);":[425],"relief":[430],"Cognitive":[432],"Dissonance":[433],"In":[441,547,603],"Psychologist":[446,473],"active":[450],"process,":[455,617],"fully":[458],"accepting":[459],"idea":[461],"effective":[463],"individual.":[471],"primary":[477],"interpreting":[481],"whether":[482],"designed":[487],"plan,":[488],"action":[492],"meets":[496],"requirements":[498],"Psychology--does":[502],"it":[503],"lead":[504],"learning":[510,517],"individual(s)":[512],"involved.":[513,576,602],"so":[519],"intimately":[520],"related":[521],"you":[523],"can":[524],"have":[526],"one":[527],"without":[528],"other,":[530],"(Maslow,":[537],"1959,":[538],"Rogers,":[539],"1945,":[540],"Cassel,":[542],"2000a).":[543],"First":[544,561],"contradiction":[549],"essentially":[565],"imposed":[566],"person":[569],"It":[577],"change,":[586],"plus":[587],"actual":[589,627],"implementing":[590,628],"process":[594],"they":[620],"alone":[621],"do":[622],"thinking,":[624],"planning,":[625],"thrusts":[630],"\u2026":[633]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-08T07:41:36.138363","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
