{"id":"https://openalex.org/W264566328","doi":null,"title":"Multi-Source Performance Appraisal: An Empirical and Methodological Note","display_name":"Multi-Source Performance Appraisal: An Empirical and Methodological Note","publication_year":1993,"publication_date":"1993-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W264566328","mag":"264566328"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.soton.ac.uk:487276","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/id/eprint/487276/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401019","display_name":"ePrints Soton (University of Southampton)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I43439940","host_organization_name":"University of Southampton","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071912321","display_name":"Yehuda Baruch","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0678-6273","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0678-6273"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yehuda Baruch","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0678-6273","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015282275","display_name":"Gedaliahu H. Harel","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gedaliahu H. Harel","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.0824,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":17,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.855913,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":"1","first_page":"96","last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11994","display_name":"Human Resource Development and Performance Evaluation","score":0.17399999499320984,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3202","display_name":"Applied Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11994","display_name":"Human Resource Development and Performance Evaluation","score":0.17399999499320984,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3202","display_name":"Applied Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12843","display_name":"Human Resource and Talent Management","score":0.16110000014305115,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1407","display_name":"Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13812","display_name":"AI and HR Technologies","score":0.15870000422000885,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1407","display_name":"Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/360-degree-feedback","display_name":"360-degree feedback","score":0.8610000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/behavior-rating-scales","display_name":"behavior rating scales","score":0.39899998903274536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trait-evaluation","display_name":"trait evaluation","score":0.5889999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/performance-appraisal-system","display_name":"performance evaluation system","score":0.42500001192092896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/job-performance-measurement","display_name":"employee performance measurement","score":0.5239999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/training-needs-analysis","display_name":"training needs assessment","score":0.578000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human-resource-management-practices","display_name":"human resource management practices","score":0.5230000019073486}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777873905","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1430184","display_name":"Performance appraisal","level":2,"score":0.7158641219139099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5200114846229553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152541439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5186693","display_name":"Critical appraisal","level":3,"score":0.506344199180603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53811970","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5062194","display_name":"Centrality","level":2,"score":0.4949635863304138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202372285","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1056396","display_name":"Human resource management","level":2,"score":0.4782642126083374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21425071","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7249389","display_name":"Project appraisal","level":2,"score":0.4641000032424927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136197465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1729295","display_name":"Variety (cybernetics)","level":2,"score":0.46008825302124023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.3512791395187378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195094911","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14167904","display_name":"Process management","level":1,"score":0.3208456039428711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3073367178440094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.2388574779033661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.23071372509002686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56739046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060","display_name":"Knowledge management","level":1,"score":0.2222558856010437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.1414816975593567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.11770132184028625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204787440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504","display_name":"Alternative medicine","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.soton.ac.uk:487276","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/id/eprint/487276/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401019","display_name":"ePrints Soton (University of Southampton)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I43439940","host_organization_name":"University of Southampton","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"mag:264566328","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdfplus/40862297.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764451528","display_name":"Public Administration Quarterly","issn_l":"0734-9149","issn":["0734-9149","2327-4433"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","fnege-4","jufo-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-4"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4366305875","host_organization_name":"SPAEF","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4366305875"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SPAEF"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Public Administration Quarterly","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W119188401","https://openalex.org/W1515289893","https://openalex.org/W1555791436","https://openalex.org/W1880447442","https://openalex.org/W1973740440","https://openalex.org/W1990003550","https://openalex.org/W2023536814","https://openalex.org/W2040025592","https://openalex.org/W2041004556","https://openalex.org/W2042599636","https://openalex.org/W2061362239","https://openalex.org/W2077192571","https://openalex.org/W2101473505","https://openalex.org/W2125120832","https://openalex.org/W2152983331","https://openalex.org/W2323963454","https://openalex.org/W2329710600","https://openalex.org/W2437713924","https://openalex.org/W2737134537","https://openalex.org/W2738079463","https://openalex.org/W2795782649"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1560417646","https://openalex.org/W1594416319","https://openalex.org/W577936617","https://openalex.org/W2226824372","https://openalex.org/W185386704","https://openalex.org/W2938905780","https://openalex.org/W1641059465","https://openalex.org/W1496143706","https://openalex.org/W3014470604","https://openalex.org/W7111789746"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Performance":[0],"appraisal":[1,27,63,78,96,162,224,246,262,270,290,333,348,357,478,489,548],"is":[2,15,91,97,102,123,295,316,359,381,474,527,585],"an":[3,206],"important":[4],"issue":[5],"in":[6,215,244,280,286,398,417,423,463,578],"the":[7,20,25,57,61,66,105,110,164,182,201,260,298,301,321,331,346,384,431,437,458,475,499,515,531,537,544],"area":[8],"of":[9,24,56,69,75,81,109,128,151,259,276,300,328,355,391,411,433,439,449,479,536,546],"Human":[10],"Resource":[11],"Management":[12],"(HRM).":[13],"There":[14,90,282,340,393],"considerable":[16],"agreement":[17],"as":[18,40,42,147,149,163,273,415,502,576],"to":[19,60,104,176,188,193,217,241,252,296,317,320,325,344,360,382,529,587],"centrality":[21],"and":[22,85,107,113,117,131,138,145,157,190,204,221,226,234,312,338,371,404,419,422,425,435,496,517,534,565,569],"importance":[23,58],"performance":[26,62,77,95,152,161,223,245,261,289,332,347,356,547],"process":[28,100,165],"among":[29],"scholars":[30],"concerning":[31],"both":[32],"public":[33],"(Heneman":[34],"et":[35,46,50,375],"al.,":[36,47,51,376],"1989;":[37],"French,":[38],"1987)":[39],"well":[41,148],"private":[43],"organizations":[44,70,83,406],"(Foltz":[45],"1983;":[48],"Lacho":[49],"1991).":[52],"We":[53],"may":[54,239,592],"learn":[55],"attached":[59],"system":[64,334],"through":[65],"large":[67],"number":[68],"that":[71,94,166,209,543],"use":[72,407],"various":[73],"kinds":[74],"formal":[76],"procedures--about":[79],"90%":[80],"all":[82,327],"(Lazer":[84],"Wikstrom,":[86],"1977;":[87,230,567],"Varney,":[88],"1972).":[89],"a":[92,98,126,242,288,401,440,558],"consensus":[93],"key":[99],"which":[101,170,185,248],"vital":[103],"existence":[106],"development":[108],"organization":[111,302,500],"(Latham":[112,225],"Wexley,":[114,227],"1981;":[115,228],"Fombrun":[116],"Laud,":[118],"1983).":[119],"The":[120,264,292,350,471],"term":[121],"assessment":[122,186,195],"associated":[124],"with":[125,140,457],"variety":[127],"concepts,":[129],"programs,":[130],"procedures.":[132],"It":[133],"includes":[134],"measurement,":[135],"evaluation,":[136],"correlation,":[137],"prediction":[139],"one":[141,256,294,389,409,473],"or":[142,257,278,481,490,505],"more":[143,219,258,387,589],"variables":[144],"criteria,":[146],"standard":[150],"(Herrold,":[153],"1986).":[154],"Illustratively,":[155],"Milkovich":[156],"Boudreau":[158],"(1988)":[159],"defined":[160],"measures":[167],"employee":[168],"performance,":[169],"involves":[171],"four":[172],"decisions:":[173],"(1)":[174],"what":[175],"assess;":[177],"(2)":[178],"who":[179],"should":[180],"make":[181],"assessment;":[183],"(3)":[184],"procedures":[187],"use;":[189],"(4)":[191],"how":[192],"communicate":[194],"results.":[196],"This":[197,237,428],"article":[198],"focuses":[199],"on":[200,363,367,386],"third":[202],"decision":[203],"presents":[205],"innovative":[207],"approach":[208,238],"combines":[210],"information":[211,254,304,450],"from":[212,255],"several":[213,284,342,447],"sources":[214,448,486,497,511,554,597],"order":[216,324],"reach":[218],"valid":[220,337],"reliable":[222],"Schneier,":[229],"Tsui,":[231],"1984;":[232],"Tsui":[233],"Ohlott,":[235],"1988).":[236],"contribute":[240],"reduction":[243],"problems":[247,271,397],"are":[249,283,341,487,598],"usually":[250],"due":[251],"poor":[253],"sources.":[263,538],"authors":[265],"will":[266],"not":[267,593],"consider":[268],"other":[269],"such":[272,400],"inadequate":[274],"descriptions":[275],"criteria":[277,442],"difficulties":[279],"methods.":[281],"objectives":[285],"employing":[287],"system.":[291,349],"main":[293,472],"satisfy":[297],"need":[299],"for":[303,353,452,560],"about":[305],"its":[306],"employees'":[307],"abilities,":[308],"qualifications,":[309],"training":[310],"needs,":[311,330],"potentials.":[313],"Another":[314,378],"objective":[315,494],"provide":[318],"feedback":[319],"workers.":[322],"In":[323,524],"serve":[326],"these":[329],"must":[335],"be":[336,550],"reliable.":[339],"ways":[343],"improve":[345],"common":[351,460],"recommendation":[352],"improvement":[354],"systems":[358],"base":[361,383],"them":[362],"behavioral":[364],"scales":[365],"instead":[366],"traits":[368],"evaluation":[369],"(Murphy":[370],"Cleveland,":[372],"1991;":[373],"Heneman":[374],"1984).":[377],"recommended":[379,542],"method":[380,559],"appraisals":[385],"than":[388],"source":[390,410],"information.":[392],"are,":[394],"however,":[395],"difficult":[396,528],"developing":[399],"composite":[402,441],"model":[403],"most":[405,459],"only":[408],"information--the":[412],"direct":[413,476],"supervisor,":[414],"reported":[416],"Field":[418],"Holley":[420],"(1977)":[421],"Lazar":[424],"Wikstrom":[426],"(1977).":[427],"problem":[429],"limits":[430],"feasibility":[432],"implementing":[434],"evaluating":[436],"effectiveness":[438],"model.":[443],"Literature":[444],"review":[445],"uncovered":[446],"available":[451],"appraising":[453],"pubic":[454],"sector":[455],"employees,":[456],"ones":[461],"presented":[462],"Figure":[464],"1":[465,469],"(Ammons,":[466],"1987).":[467],"(Figure":[468],"omitted)":[470],"manager's":[477],"his":[480],"her":[482],"subordinates.":[483],"Other":[484],"possible":[485,586],"subordinate's":[488],"self-appraisal":[491],"(Steele,":[492],"1985),":[493],"information,":[495,590],"outside":[498],"(such":[501],"independent":[503],"advisors":[504],"customers,":[506],"suppliers,":[507],"etc.).":[508],"All":[509],"relevant":[510],"have":[512,541],"shortcomings":[513],"affecting":[514],"validity":[516,533],"reliability":[518,535],"(see":[519],"Bernandin,":[520],"1986;":[521],"Ashford,":[522],"1989).":[523],"addition,":[525],"it":[526,584],"ascertain":[530],"relative":[532],"Some":[539],"researchers":[540],"quality":[545],"could":[549],"improved":[551],"by":[552],"combining":[553],"but":[555],"none":[556],"suggest":[557],"accomplishing":[561],"this":[562],"task":[563],"(Schneider":[564],"Carrol,":[566],"Miner":[568],"Miner,":[570],"1985;":[571],"Kavanagh,":[572],"1982).":[573],"Borman":[574],"(1980),":[575],"cited":[577],"Kavanagh":[579],"(1982)":[580],"argued":[581],"that,":[582],"although":[583],"gain":[588],"accuracy":[591],"increase":[594],"when":[595],"multiple":[596],"used.":[599],"\u2026":[600]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-06T12:05:46.655746","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
