{"id":"https://openalex.org/W26452770","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1042/cs0910113","title":"High-Performance Capillary Electrophoresis-Pure Creatine Monohydrate Reduces Blood Lipids in Men and Women","display_name":"High-Performance Capillary Electrophoresis-Pure Creatine Monohydrate Reduces Blood Lipids in Men and Women","publication_year":1996,"publication_date":"1996-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W26452770","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1042/cs0910113","mag":"26452770","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8774269"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1042/cs0910113","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1042/cs0910113","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1042/cs0910113","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S206649051","display_name":"Clinical Science","issn_l":"0143-5221","issn":["0143-5221","1470-8736"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311608","host_organization_name":"Portland Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311608","https://openalex.org/P4310311715"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Portland Press","Biochemical Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Clinical Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065958387","display_name":"Conrad P. Earnest","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6546-1268","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6546-1268"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150913223","display_name":"Texas Woman's University","ror":"https://ror.org/04dyzkj40","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150913223"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Conrad P. Earnest","raw_affiliation_strings":["Texas Woman's University, Denton, Texas, U.S.A"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Texas Woman's University, Denton, Texas, U.S.A","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150913223"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055842796","display_name":"Anthony L. Almada","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9066-369X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9066-369X"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anthony L. Almada","raw_affiliation_strings":["Experimental and Applied Sciences, Inc., Golden, Colorado, U.S.A"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Experimental and Applied Sciences, Inc., Golden, Colorado, U.S.A","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108501851","display_name":"Tedd L. Mitchell","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210094261","display_name":"Cooper Clinic","ror":"https://ror.org/00k0w7368","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210094261"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tedd L. Mitchell","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Cooper Clinic, Dallas, Texas, U.S.A"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Cooper Clinic, Dallas, Texas, U.S.A","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210094261"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.3262,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":88,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91556934,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"91","issue":"1","first_page":"113","last_page":"118"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10394","display_name":"Lipoproteins and Cardiovascular Health","score":0.4968000054359436,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10394","display_name":"Lipoproteins and Cardiovascular Health","score":0.4968000054359436,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11399","display_name":"Muscle metabolism and nutrition","score":0.4438000023365021,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1307","display_name":"Cell Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13828","display_name":"Natural Products and Biological Research","score":0.005900000222027302,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/creatine-monohydrate","display_name":"creatine monohydrate","score":0.9800000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lipid-lowering-drugs","display_name":"lipid-lowering drugs","score":0.6380000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hyperlipidemia","display_name":"hyperlipidemia","score":0.8100000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/plasma-total-cholesterol","display_name":"plasma total cholesterol","score":0.7139999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/triglycerides","display_name":"triglycerides","score":0.9559999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vldl-cholesterol","display_name":"VLDL cholesterol","score":0.8939999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blood-glucose","display_name":"blood glucose","score":0.5479999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urea-nitrogen","display_name":"urea nitrogen","score":0.9269999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sex-differences","display_name":"sex differences","score":0.6639999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dietary-supplementation","display_name":"dietary supplementation","score":0.6690000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lipid-metabolism","display_name":"lipid metabolism","score":0.7730000019073486}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779896295","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q223600","display_name":"Creatine","level":2,"score":0.6861940622329712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2900643","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q747468","display_name":"Capillary electrophoresis","level":2,"score":0.6673794984817505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2910054578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q223600","display_name":"Creatine Monohydrate","level":4,"score":0.6320022940635681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.5573112368583679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43617362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170050","display_name":"Chromatography","level":1,"score":0.4642871618270874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139572402","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4927820","display_name":"Blood lipids","level":3,"score":0.4549046456813812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.43394938111305237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134018914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606","display_name":"Endocrinology","level":1,"score":0.4010446071624756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.37549692392349243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778163477","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43656","display_name":"Cholesterol","level":2,"score":0.1259177327156067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.05971682071685791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27081682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q269829","display_name":"Placebo","level":3,"score":0.038153231143951416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204787440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504","display_name":"Alternative medicine","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000924","descriptor_name":"Anticholesteremic Agents","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002784","descriptor_name":"Cholesterol","qualifier_ui":"Q000097","qualifier_name":"blood","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003401","descriptor_name":"Creatine","qualifier_ui":"Q000302","qualifier_name":"isolation & purification","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003401","descriptor_name":"Creatine","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004311","descriptor_name":"Double-Blind Method","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006937","descriptor_name":"Hypercholesterolemia","qualifier_ui":"Q000188","qualifier_name":"drug therapy","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008076","descriptor_name":"Cholesterol, HDL","qualifier_ui":"Q000097","qualifier_name":"blood","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008078","descriptor_name":"Cholesterol, LDL","qualifier_ui":"Q000097","qualifier_name":"blood","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014280","descriptor_name":"Triglycerides","qualifier_ui":"Q000097","qualifier_name":"blood","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015243","descriptor_name":"Cholesterol, VLDL","qualifier_ui":"Q000097","qualifier_name":"blood","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019075","descriptor_name":"Electrophoresis, Capillary","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1042/cs0910113","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1042/cs0910113","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1042/cs0910113","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S206649051","display_name":"Clinical Science","issn_l":"0143-5221","issn":["0143-5221","1470-8736"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311608","host_organization_name":"Portland Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311608","https://openalex.org/P4310311715"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Portland Press","Biochemical Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Clinical Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:8774269","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8774269","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Clinical science (London, England : 1979)","raw_type":"Clinical Trial"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.9940000176429749,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/randomized-controlled-trial","display_name":"Randomized Controlled Trial"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/clinical-trial","display_name":"Clinical Trial"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":10,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1522079693","https://openalex.org/W1573193689","https://openalex.org/W1982299684","https://openalex.org/W2030525538","https://openalex.org/W2037520352","https://openalex.org/W2068768742","https://openalex.org/W2095885613","https://openalex.org/W2324659407","https://openalex.org/W2409882304","https://openalex.org/W3115276048"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4282841146","https://openalex.org/W2124952299","https://openalex.org/W2027739972","https://openalex.org/W585143825","https://openalex.org/W2010270929","https://openalex.org/W2059024385","https://openalex.org/W2107288266","https://openalex.org/W2060568090","https://openalex.org/W7135750586","https://openalex.org/W7160535933"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"1.":[0],"A":[1],"randomized,":[2],"double-blind,":[3],"placebo-controlled":[4],"trial":[5],"utilizing":[6],"creatine":[7,56,61,135,288,299],"as":[8,318,320],"a":[9,55,68,86,94,214,276],"potential":[10],"lipid-lowering":[11],"agent":[12],"was":[13,223,283],"conducted":[14],"to":[15,35,163,314],"determine":[16],"plasma":[17,125,141],"lipid,":[18],"lipoprotein,":[19],"glucose,":[20,257],"urea":[21,221],"nitrogen":[22,222],"and":[23,28,43,79,91,106,111,129,152,158,174,185,190,193,209,233,272],"creatinine":[24],"profiles":[25],"in":[26,31,124,140,220,225,285,305],"men":[27,42],"women":[29,226],"ranging":[30],"age":[32],"from":[33,144],"32":[34],"70":[36],"years.":[37],"2.":[38],"Thirty-four":[39],"subjects":[40],"(18":[41],"16":[44],"women)":[45],"with":[46],"total":[47,126,142,253],"cholesterol":[48,143],"concentrations":[49],"exceeding":[50],"200":[51],"mg/dl":[52],"received":[53],"either":[54],"supplement":[57],"(5":[58],"g":[59,64,72],"of":[60,65,73,109,117,150,330],"plus":[62],"1":[63],"glucose)":[66,74],"or":[67,264,268],"glucose":[69,281],"placebo":[70,80,273],"(6":[71],"for":[75,88,96,248],"56":[76],"days.":[77,98],"Creatine":[78],"were":[81,101,181,207,246],"taken":[82],"orally":[83],"four":[84],"times":[85],"day":[87,95],"5":[89],"days":[90],"then":[92],"twice":[93],"51":[97],"Plasma":[99],"analyses":[100],"measured":[102],"at":[103,112,155,165,187,198],"baseline,":[104],"4":[105,113,157,179,189],"8":[107,235],"weeks":[108,114,156,188],"treatment,":[110],"after":[115],"cessation":[116],"treatment":[118],"(week":[119],"12).":[120],"3.":[121],"Significant":[122],"reductions":[123,139],"cholesterol,":[127],"triacylglycerols":[128,169],"very-low-density":[130,175],"lipoprotein-C":[131,176],"occurred":[132,154],"within":[133,267],"the":[134,270,315,327],"monohydrate":[136,289,300],"group.":[137],"Minor":[138],"baseline":[145,164,228],"(233":[146],"+/-":[147,171,178,230,237],"9":[148],"mg/dl)":[149,173,180,232],"6%":[151],"5%":[153],"8,":[159,191],"respectively,":[160,192],"before":[161],"returning":[162],"week":[166,199,234],"12.":[167,200],"Baseline":[168],"(194":[170],"21":[172],"(39":[177],"reduced":[182,279],"by":[183,196,211],"23%":[184],"22%":[186],"remained":[194,203],"attenuated":[195],"26%":[197],"These":[201,294,308],"results":[202],"consistent":[204],"when":[205],"data":[206,296],"separated":[208],"analysed":[210],"gender.":[212],"Finally,":[213],"small,":[215],"but":[216],"statistically":[217],"significant":[218,244],"increase":[219],"observed":[224],"between":[227,269],"(11.8":[229],"0.7":[231,238],"(13.8":[236],"mg/dl,":[239],"P":[240],"<":[241],"0.05).":[242],"No":[243],"differences":[245],"noted":[247],"low-density":[249],"lipoprotein-C,":[250,252],"high-density":[251],"cholesterol/high-density":[254],"lipoprotein":[255],"ratio,":[256],"creatinine,":[258],"body":[259,261],"mass,":[260],"mass":[262],"index":[263],"physical":[265],"activity":[266],"experimental":[271],"groups.":[274],"However,":[275],"trend":[277],"towards":[278],"blood":[280,331],"levels":[282],"present":[284],"males":[286],"given":[287],"(P":[290],"=":[291],"0.051).":[292],"4.":[293],"preliminary":[295],"suggest":[297],"that":[298],"may":[301,310],"modulate":[302],"lipid":[303,332],"metabolism":[304],"certain":[306],"individuals.":[307],"observations":[309],"demonstrate":[311],"practical":[312],"efficacy":[313],"hyperlipidaemic":[316],"patient":[317],"well":[319],"providing":[321],"possible":[322],"new":[323],"mechanistic":[324],"insights":[325],"into":[326],"cellular":[328],"regulation":[329],"concentrations.":[333]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}