{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2631937097","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/joa.12644","title":"Scholars and scientists in the history of the lymphatic system","display_name":"Scholars and scientists in the history of the lymphatic system","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-06-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2631937097","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/joa.12644","mag":"2631937097","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28614587","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/5554832"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1111/joa.12644","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/joa.12644","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/joa.12644","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/joa.12644","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S31465112","display_name":"Journal of Anatomy","issn_l":"0021-8782","issn":["0021-8782","1469-7580"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Anatomy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"review","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/joa.12644","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076928891","display_name":"Gianfranco Natale","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7025-6111","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7025-6111"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108290504","display_name":"University of Pisa","ror":"https://ror.org/03ad39j10","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108290504"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gianfranco Natale","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery Medical School University of Pisa Pisa Italy","Museum of Human Anatomy 'Filippo Civinini', Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, Medical School, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery Medical School University of Pisa Pisa Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108290504"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Museum of Human Anatomy 'Filippo Civinini', Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, Medical School, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108290504"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025020524","display_name":"Guido Bocci","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7120-9141","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7120-9141"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108290504","display_name":"University of Pisa","ror":"https://ror.org/03ad39j10","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108290504"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Guido Bocci","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Medical School, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7120-9141","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Medical School, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108290504"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054370212","display_name":"Dom\u00e9nico Ribatti","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4768-8431","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4768-8431"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5561750","display_name":"University of Bari Aldo Moro","ror":"https://ror.org/027ynra39","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5561750"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Domenico Ribatti","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sensory Organs, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sensory Organs, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5561750"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5025020524"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108290504"],"apc_list":{"value":4050,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4050},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":44.2857,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":89,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99676898,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"231","issue":"3","first_page":"417","last_page":"429"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12324","display_name":"History of Medicine Studies","score":0.6439999938011169,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1202","display_name":"History"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12324","display_name":"History of Medicine Studies","score":0.6439999938011169,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1202","display_name":"History"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14475","display_name":"History of Science and Medicine","score":0.19840000569820404,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1207","display_name":"History and Philosophy of Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12990","display_name":"Medical History and Innovations","score":0.14480000734329224,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1202","display_name":"History"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lymphatic-anatomy","display_name":"lymphatic anatomy","score":0.6769999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lymphatic-physiology","display_name":"lymphatic physiology","score":0.7940000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lacteals","display_name":"lacteals","score":0.7369999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lymph-nodes","display_name":"lymph nodes","score":0.8309999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chyle","display_name":"chyle","score":0.5920000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lymphatic-vessels","display_name":"lymphatic vessels","score":0.777999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lymphatic-valves","display_name":"lymphatic valves","score":0.8830000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/history-of-anatomy","display_name":"history of anatomy","score":0.5019999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/history-of-physiology","display_name":"history of physiology","score":0.6499999761581421}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181152851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q712604","display_name":"Lymphatic system","level":2,"score":0.9120113849639893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779720271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179422","display_name":"Lymph","level":2,"score":0.6167101860046387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105702510","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q514","display_name":"Anatomy","level":1,"score":0.5899016261100769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.41403719782829285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.3649740219116211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.3383238911628723}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000715","descriptor_name":"Anatomy","qualifier_ui":"Q000266","qualifier_name":"history","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008208","descriptor_name":"Lymphatic System","qualifier_ui":"Q000033","qualifier_name":"anatomy & histology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D049669","descriptor_name":"History, 16th Century","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D049670","descriptor_name":"History, 17th Century","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D049671","descriptor_name":"History, 18th Century","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D049672","descriptor_name":"History, 19th Century","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D049673","descriptor_name":"History, 20th Century","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D049674","descriptor_name":"History, 21st Century","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D049690","descriptor_name":"History, Ancient","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1111/joa.12644","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/joa.12644","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/joa.12644","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/joa.12644","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S31465112","display_name":"Journal of Anatomy","issn_l":"0021-8782","issn":["0021-8782","1469-7580"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Anatomy","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:5554832","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/5554832","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"J Anat","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:28614587","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28614587","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of anatomy","raw_type":"Historical Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arpi.unipi.it:11568/856817","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11568/856817","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196265","display_name":"CINECA IRIS Institutial research information system (University of Pisa)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I108290504","host_organization_name":"University of Pisa","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108290504"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ricerca.uniba.it:11586/228001","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11586/228001","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196296","display_name":"CINECA IRIS Institutional Research Information System (University of Bari Aldo Moro)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I5561750","host_organization_name":"University of Bari Aldo Moro","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5561750"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1111/joa.12644","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/joa.12644","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/joa.12644","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/joa.12644","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S31465112","display_name":"Journal of Anatomy","issn_l":"0021-8782","issn":["0021-8782","1469-7580"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Anatomy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324499","display_name":"Universit\u00e0 di Pisa","ror":"https://ror.org/03ad39j10"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2631937097.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2631937097.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":77,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W36972511","https://openalex.org/W63487341","https://openalex.org/W66254177","https://openalex.org/W1510601026","https://openalex.org/W1518292473","https://openalex.org/W1519030262","https://openalex.org/W1527522386","https://openalex.org/W1600324901","https://openalex.org/W1636501097","https://openalex.org/W1768469722","https://openalex.org/W1921763312","https://openalex.org/W1969735397","https://openalex.org/W1981805353","https://openalex.org/W1985846602","https://openalex.org/W1990941103","https://openalex.org/W1992439411","https://openalex.org/W1994638693","https://openalex.org/W1998872237","https://openalex.org/W2010476257","https://openalex.org/W2010648161","https://openalex.org/W2017131510","https://openalex.org/W2019237718","https://openalex.org/W2022803147","https://openalex.org/W2049500888","https://openalex.org/W2060883514","https://openalex.org/W2061004195","https://openalex.org/W2062143592","https://openalex.org/W2065701238","https://openalex.org/W2069376590","https://openalex.org/W2070435077","https://openalex.org/W2095325198","https://openalex.org/W2104670219","https://openalex.org/W2105681978","https://openalex.org/W2108828143","https://openalex.org/W2109481082","https://openalex.org/W2111707754","https://openalex.org/W2127716652","https://openalex.org/W2129081579","https://openalex.org/W2142238709","https://openalex.org/W2146021659","https://openalex.org/W2150156158","https://openalex.org/W2160645612","https://openalex.org/W2168394276","https://openalex.org/W2170706701","https://openalex.org/W2171543828","https://openalex.org/W2253255616","https://openalex.org/W2296605999","https://openalex.org/W2307216765","https://openalex.org/W2312372731","https://openalex.org/W2327753503","https://openalex.org/W2339480223","https://openalex.org/W2350739942","https://openalex.org/W2352396496","https://openalex.org/W2406617835","https://openalex.org/W2408959013","https://openalex.org/W2409282857","https://openalex.org/W2410595801","https://openalex.org/W2411195304","https://openalex.org/W2412793595","https://openalex.org/W2415356064","https://openalex.org/W2418915708","https://openalex.org/W2423001693","https://openalex.org/W2460051176","https://openalex.org/W2463199260","https://openalex.org/W2468409665","https://openalex.org/W2482100357","https://openalex.org/W2483975242","https://openalex.org/W2511452303","https://openalex.org/W2516530952","https://openalex.org/W2526225099","https://openalex.org/W2568452295","https://openalex.org/W2972360747","https://openalex.org/W2992299715","https://openalex.org/W3130714305","https://openalex.org/W4237597801","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6713980064"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2913263502","https://openalex.org/W4253001232","https://openalex.org/W2777261418","https://openalex.org/W2022943764","https://openalex.org/W7108971743","https://openalex.org/W4319153288","https://openalex.org/W4223617322","https://openalex.org/W2482100357","https://openalex.org/W4224947629","https://openalex.org/W4250489105"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,12],"discovery":[1],"of":[2,18,23,61,97,117,128,160,175,178,206,216,230,249],"the":[3,24,34,38,75,98,111,125,150,154,158,161,179,198,204,217,231,239,254],"lymphatic":[4,77,99,162,184,207,218,233,240,255],"system":[5,20,27,41,78,100,163,256],"has":[6,29],"a":[7,51,83,134,213,246],"long":[8,53],"and":[9,16,28,47,49,63,71,89,109,149,188,209,235,252],"fascinating":[10],"history.":[11],"interest":[13],"in":[14,44,59,137,142,220],"anatomy":[15,46,251],"physiology":[17],"this":[19],"paralleled":[21],"that":[22],"blood":[25,40],"cardiocirculatory":[26],"been":[30,102],"maybe":[31],"obscured":[32],"by":[33,66],"latter.":[35],"Paradoxically,":[36],"if":[37],"closed":[39,84],"appeared":[42],"open":[43,76],"Galen's":[45,129],"physiology,":[48],"took":[50],"very":[52],"time":[54],"to":[55,259],"be":[56,260],"correctly":[57],"described":[58,81,203],"terms":[60],"pulmonary":[62],"general":[64],"circulation":[65,194],"ibn":[67],"Al-Nafis/Michael":[68],"Servetus/Realdo":[69],"Colombo":[70],"William":[72],"Harvey,":[73],"respectively,":[74],"was":[79,147,153],"incorrectly":[80],"as":[82],"circuit":[85],"connected":[86],"with":[87,164],"arteries":[88],"veins.":[90],"In":[91,197,222],"ancient":[92],"times":[93],"only":[94],"macroscopic":[95],"components":[96],"have":[101],"described,":[103],"although":[104],"misinterpreted,":[105],"including":[106],"lymph":[107,193],"nodes":[108],"lacteals,":[110],"latter":[112],"being":[113],"easily":[114],"identified":[115],"because":[116],"their":[118],"milk-like":[119],"content.":[120],"For":[121],"about":[122],"15":[123],"centuries":[124],"dogmatic":[126],"acceptance":[127],"notions":[130],"did":[131],"not":[132],"allow":[133],"significant":[135],"progress":[136],"medicine.":[138],"After":[139],"Vesalius'":[140],"revolution":[141],"anatomical":[143],"studies,":[144],"new":[145],"knowledge":[146],"accumulated,":[148],"17th":[151],"century":[152,200],"golden":[155],"age":[156],"for":[157],"investigation":[159],"several":[165],"discoveries:":[166],"gut":[167],"lacteals":[168],"(Gaspare":[169],"Aselli),":[170],"cloacal":[171],"bursa":[172],"(Hieronimus":[173],"Fabricius":[174],"Acquapendente),":[176],"reservoir":[177],"chyle":[180],"(Jean":[181],"Pecquet),":[182],"extra-intestinal":[183],"vessels":[185],"(Thomas":[186],"Bartholin":[187],"Olaus":[189],"Rudbeck":[190],"dispute),":[191],"hepatic":[192],"(Francis":[195],"Glisson).":[196],"Enlightenment":[199],"Frederik":[201],"Ruysch":[202],"function":[205],"valves,":[208],"Paolo":[210],"Mascagni":[211],"provided":[212],"magnificent":[214],"iconography":[215],"network":[219],"humans.":[221],"recent":[223],"times,":[224],"Leonetto":[225],"Comparini":[226],"realized":[227],"three-dimensional":[228],"reconstructions":[229],"liver":[232],"vessels,":[234],"Kari":[236],"Alitalo":[237],"discovered":[238],"growth":[241],"factor/receptor":[242],"system.":[243],"Far":[244],"from":[245],"complete":[247],"understanding":[248],"its":[250],"function,":[253],"still":[257],"needs":[258],"profoundly":[261],"examined.":[262]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2017-06-30T00:00:00"}