{"id":"https://openalex.org/W26305986","doi":null,"title":"Why we should continue to study race...but do a better job: an essay on race, racism and health.","display_name":"Why we should continue to study race...but do a better job: an essay on race, racism and health.","publication_year":1996,"publication_date":"1996-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W26305986","mag":"26305986","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8882833"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmid:8882833","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8882833","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Ethnicity & disease","raw_type":"Journal Article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090649411","display_name":"Thomas A. LaVeist","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145311948","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University","ror":"https://ror.org/00za53h95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"T A La Veist","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5090649411"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":29.8281,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":205,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99483385,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":"1-2","first_page":"21","last_page":"9"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12749","display_name":"Race, Genetics, and Society","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3314","display_name":"Anthropology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12749","display_name":"Race, Genetics, and Society","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3314","display_name":"Anthropology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10652","display_name":"Racial and Ethnic Identity Research","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12575","display_name":"Medical History and Research","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1202","display_name":"History"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/racism-and-health","display_name":"racism and health","score":0.7929999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/racial-health-disparities","display_name":"racial disparities in health","score":0.8529999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-disparities","display_name":"health disparities","score":0.36500000953674316}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76509639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q918036","display_name":"Race (biology)","level":2,"score":0.9401180148124695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104977270","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16000306","display_name":"Race and health","level":4,"score":0.8487528562545776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139838865","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8461","display_name":"Racism","level":2,"score":0.7592339515686035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138816342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189603","display_name":"Public health","level":2,"score":0.5487565994262695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2250968","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1512929","display_name":"Health equity","level":3,"score":0.5262300968170166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74909509","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10387","display_name":"Gerontology","level":1,"score":0.3818069100379944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.36577409505844116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.34782543778419495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.3131639361381531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107993555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1662673","display_name":"Gender studies","level":1,"score":0.28526461124420166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159110408","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121176","display_name":"Nursing","level":1,"score":0.12119105458259583}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D003469","descriptor_name":"Culture","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006304","descriptor_name":"Health Status","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008954","descriptor_name":"Models, Biological","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011287","descriptor_name":"Prejudice","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012106","descriptor_name":"Research","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014481","descriptor_name":"United States","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D044469","descriptor_name":"Racial Groups","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmid:8882833","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8882833","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Ethnicity & disease","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"mag:26305986","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8882833","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8371999859809875,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"},{"score":0.5676000118255615,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":135,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W51085212","https://openalex.org/W144423133","https://openalex.org/W156175637","https://openalex.org/W178003376","https://openalex.org/W1502170811","https://openalex.org/W1502268080","https://openalex.org/W1566088490","https://openalex.org/W1591262874","https://openalex.org/W1804959557","https://openalex.org/W1907364504","https://openalex.org/W1965774202","https://openalex.org/W1966218963","https://openalex.org/W1967342065","https://openalex.org/W1967705046","https://openalex.org/W1969003435","https://openalex.org/W1969714808","https://openalex.org/W1971657539","https://openalex.org/W1972438884","https://openalex.org/W1974539155","https://openalex.org/W1977186288","https://openalex.org/W1977372263","https://openalex.org/W1978935353","https://openalex.org/W1979490110","https://openalex.org/W1979629631","https://openalex.org/W1980944117","https://openalex.org/W1981968493","https://openalex.org/W1983204997","https://openalex.org/W1984046622","https://openalex.org/W1985840506","https://openalex.org/W1988536793","https://openalex.org/W1988817337","https://openalex.org/W1990986028","https://openalex.org/W1992833797","https://openalex.org/W1996675609","https://openalex.org/W1997962697","https://openalex.org/W1999032074","https://openalex.org/W2002995168","https://openalex.org/W2004588189","https://openalex.org/W2006070956","https://openalex.org/W2006704637","https://openalex.org/W2008699564","https://openalex.org/W2008945738","https://openalex.org/W2011196620","https://openalex.org/W2013721931","https://openalex.org/W2014417834","https://openalex.org/W2014946489","https://openalex.org/W2021269639","https://openalex.org/W2022772242","https://openalex.org/W2023121881","https://openalex.org/W2026243617","https://openalex.org/W2028994878","https://openalex.org/W2030105242","https://openalex.org/W2031418345","https://openalex.org/W2032483169","https://openalex.org/W2033384486","https://openalex.org/W2033595939","https://openalex.org/W2035233256","https://openalex.org/W2036534625","https://openalex.org/W2037275886","https://openalex.org/W2039010218","https://openalex.org/W2042027879","https://openalex.org/W2043080412","https://openalex.org/W2043704189","https://openalex.org/W2053348529","https://openalex.org/W2057239580","https://openalex.org/W2058248369","https://openalex.org/W2058319182","https://openalex.org/W2059279212","https://openalex.org/W2059488735","https://openalex.org/W2062175368","https://openalex.org/W2062290101","https://openalex.org/W2065397600","https://openalex.org/W2066454450","https://openalex.org/W2066909301","https://openalex.org/W2067685971","https://openalex.org/W2070677152","https://openalex.org/W2071357062","https://openalex.org/W2072081706","https://openalex.org/W2072688209","https://openalex.org/W2073394971","https://openalex.org/W2073431065","https://openalex.org/W2073825741","https://openalex.org/W2076561616","https://openalex.org/W2077488744","https://openalex.org/W2078210863","https://openalex.org/W2079779267","https://openalex.org/W2081928525","https://openalex.org/W2084525187","https://openalex.org/W2084967253","https://openalex.org/W2088558156","https://openalex.org/W2092529541","https://openalex.org/W2096003689","https://openalex.org/W2096630866","https://openalex.org/W2097865503","https://openalex.org/W2098139456","https://openalex.org/W2101822364","https://openalex.org/W2102144501","https://openalex.org/W2103339395","https://openalex.org/W2105466446","https://openalex.org/W2106335654","https://openalex.org/W2107288774","https://openalex.org/W2108836814","https://openalex.org/W2110074138","https://openalex.org/W2114847222","https://openalex.org/W2116257819","https://openalex.org/W2116365126","https://openalex.org/W2116402236","https://openalex.org/W2118028844","https://openalex.org/W2121787561","https://openalex.org/W2125605285","https://openalex.org/W2125805715","https://openalex.org/W2128559716","https://openalex.org/W2129652444","https://openalex.org/W2130689877","https://openalex.org/W2130979840","https://openalex.org/W2135314242","https://openalex.org/W2135810600","https://openalex.org/W2142321692","https://openalex.org/W2144971212","https://openalex.org/W2145988292","https://openalex.org/W2147032410","https://openalex.org/W2149569867","https://openalex.org/W2150382709","https://openalex.org/W2150536104","https://openalex.org/W2150949322","https://openalex.org/W2154022654","https://openalex.org/W2157653288","https://openalex.org/W2157916750","https://openalex.org/W2159862107","https://openalex.org/W2161693225","https://openalex.org/W2170952313","https://openalex.org/W2204281226","https://openalex.org/W2269134889","https://openalex.org/W2334387759","https://openalex.org/W4237315454"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4406349580","https://openalex.org/W4206209162","https://openalex.org/W2153944371","https://openalex.org/W7096595817","https://openalex.org/W2111483088","https://openalex.org/W2071669757","https://openalex.org/W2054541400","https://openalex.org/W2166237122","https://openalex.org/W1974071886","https://openalex.org/W3127533038"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"For":[0],"at":[1],"least":[2],"a":[3,15],"century,":[4],"American":[5],"medical":[6,67],"and":[7,19,26,35,40,68,110],"public":[8,69],"health":[9,25,55,70],"researchers":[10,59],"have":[11,20,60,88],"used":[12],"race":[13,48,87,97,109,118],"as":[14],"marker":[16],"for":[17],"biology,":[18],"documented":[21],"race-associated":[22],"differences":[23],"in":[24,49,54,105],"illness":[27],"behavior.":[28],"The":[29],"research":[30,71],"has":[31,36],"often":[32],"been":[33],"inappropriate":[34],"led":[37],"to":[38,62,85],"abuses":[39],"erroneous":[41],"conclusions":[42],"about":[43],"the":[44,50,64,81,106,114,117],"role":[45],"played":[46],"by":[47],"production":[51],"of":[52,66,96,108,113,116],"disparities":[53],"status.":[56],"Consequently,":[57],"some":[58,89],"begun":[61],"advocate":[63],"abolition":[65],"using":[72],"race.":[73],"In":[74],"this":[75],"essay,":[76],"I":[77],"argue":[78],"that,":[79],"although":[80],"arguments":[82],"against":[83],"continuing":[84],"study":[86],"merit,":[90],"more":[91,103,111],"rather":[92],"than":[93],"fewer":[94],"studies":[95],"are":[98],"needed.":[99],"Researchers":[100],"should":[101],"be":[102],"careful":[104],"use":[107],"conscious":[112],"limitations":[115],"concept.":[119]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":39},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
