{"id":"https://openalex.org/W262853754","doi":null,"title":"An epidemiologic approach to ecogenetics.","display_name":"An epidemiologic approach to ecogenetics.","publication_year":1988,"publication_date":"1988-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W262853754","mag":"262853754","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3337114","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/1715339"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:409957","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://europepmc.org/pmc/articles/PMC1715339","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://europepmc.org/pmc/articles/PMC1715339","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007823952","display_name":"Muin J. Khoury","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9887-443X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9887-443X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1289490764","display_name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","ror":"https://ror.org/042twtr12","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1289490764","https://openalex.org/I1299022934"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M J Khoury","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, GA 30333"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, GA 30333","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1289490764"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112287831","display_name":"M J Adams","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M J Adams","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088838308","display_name":"W. Dana Flanders","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4069-3262","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4069-3262"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"W D Flanders","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.2696,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":109,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.76659842,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"42","issue":"1","first_page":"89","last_page":"95"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10261","display_name":"Genetic Associations and Epidemiology","score":0.7749000191688538,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10261","display_name":"Genetic Associations and Epidemiology","score":0.7749000191688538,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14393","display_name":"Health, Environment, Cognitive Aging","score":0.17749999463558197,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2307","display_name":"Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14374","display_name":"Statistical Methods in Epidemiology","score":0.01590000092983246,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ecogenetics","display_name":"ecogenetics","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gene-environment-interaction","display_name":"gene-environment interaction","score":0.9850000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetic-susceptibility","display_name":"genetic susceptibility","score":0.8169999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-exposure","display_name":"environmental exposure","score":0.7940000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetic-markers","display_name":"genetic markers","score":0.7620000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relative-risk","display_name":"relative risk","score":0.9269999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exposure-frequency","display_name":"exposure frequency","score":0.796999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/study-design","display_name":"research design","score":0.6019999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/disease-risk","display_name":"disease risk","score":0.4729999899864197}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135763542","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106016","display_name":"Genotype","level":3,"score":0.7770026922225952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.6800178289413452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130947863","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5533121","display_name":"Gene\u2013environment interaction","level":4,"score":0.6131777167320251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.5439839363098145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.4704876244068146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.43435773253440857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.32476115226745605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.2005137801170349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.10555234551429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.09158623218536377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D004198","descriptor_name":"Disease Susceptibility","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004777","descriptor_name":"Environment","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004812","descriptor_name":"Epidemiologic Methods","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005838","descriptor_name":"Genotype","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008957","descriptor_name":"Models, Genetic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011336","descriptor_name":"Probability","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012307","descriptor_name":"Risk Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:409957","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://europepmc.org/pmc/articles/PMC1715339","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:3337114","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3337114","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"American journal of human genetics","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.library.georgetown.edu:10822/540926","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10822/540926","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402467","display_name":"DigitalGeorgetown (Georgetown University Library)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210145449","host_organization_name":"Center for Security and Emerging Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210145449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"77614","raw_type":null},{"id":"mag:262853754","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3337114","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:409957","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://europepmc.org/pmc/articles/PMC1715339","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8048999905586243,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":11,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1858306","https://openalex.org/W55917699","https://openalex.org/W1998172327","https://openalex.org/W2013407711","https://openalex.org/W2063485848","https://openalex.org/W2080076317","https://openalex.org/W2122656085","https://openalex.org/W2399706611","https://openalex.org/W2416022312","https://openalex.org/W2417951656","https://openalex.org/W4301521551"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4300788057","https://openalex.org/W2002267074","https://openalex.org/W7096744054","https://openalex.org/W2100007292","https://openalex.org/W1583077820","https://openalex.org/W2024126902","https://openalex.org/W2415520216","https://openalex.org/W7096789834","https://openalex.org/W2057323898","https://openalex.org/W2128463395"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Although":[0],"\"ecogenetics\"":[1],"seeks":[2],"to":[3,10,25,57,114],"examine":[4,15],"genetically":[5],"mediated":[6],"differences":[7],"in":[8,121],"susceptibility":[9],"environmental":[11,26,59,76,135,162],"agents,":[12],"researchers":[13],"often":[14],"the":[16,40,46,53,58,61,66,69,72,75,79,84,95,100,109,122,152],"relation":[17],"between":[18,65],"genetic":[19,47,118,146],"markers":[20],"and":[21,68,71],"disease":[22,44],"without":[23],"regard":[24],"determinants.":[27],"By":[28],"using":[29],"epidemiologic":[30,156],"definitions":[31],"of":[32,43,52,55,63,74,91,124,141,154,164],"genotype-environment":[33,92,126],"interaction,":[34],"it":[35],"can":[36,102],"be":[37,149],"shown":[38],"that":[39,94,145,159],"relative":[41,96,110,130],"risk":[42,97,111],"for":[45],"marker":[48,101],"is":[49,112],"a":[50,133,138],"function":[51],"frequency":[54],"exposure":[56,136],"agent,":[60,70],"strength":[62],"interaction":[64,93],"genotype":[67],"specificity":[73],"effect":[77],"vis-\u00e0-vis":[78],"genotype.":[80],"Using":[81],"examples":[82],"from":[83],"literature,":[85],"we":[86],"illustrate":[87],"under":[88],"six":[89],"patterns":[90],"associated":[98],"with":[99,106],"fluctuate":[103],"markedly.":[104],"However,":[105],"infrequent":[107],"exposures,":[108],"close":[113],"unity":[115],"(implying":[116],"no":[117],"effect)":[119],"even":[120],"face":[123],"strong":[125,139],"interaction.":[127,142],"Alternatively,":[128],"elevated":[129],"risks":[131],"imply":[132],"frequent":[134],"or":[137],"pattern":[140],"We":[143],"suggest":[144],"marker-disease":[147],"associations":[148],"evaluated":[150],"within":[151],"context":[153],"an":[155],"study":[157],"design":[158],"considers":[160],"specific":[161],"determinants":[163],"risk.":[165]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-06T12:05:46.655746","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}