{"id":"https://openalex.org/W26265190","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2172/6780903","title":"Low-cost collectors/systems development progress report","display_name":"Low-cost collectors/systems development progress report","publication_year":1984,"publication_date":"1984-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W26265190","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2172/6780903","mag":"26265190"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2172/6780903","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2172/6780903","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2172/6780903","pdf_url":"https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/6780903","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402487","display_name":"OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I139351228","host_organization_name":"Office of Scientific and Technical Information","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139351228"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL)","raw_type":"report"},"volume":null,"type":"report","is_traditional":false,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/6780903","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112725719","display_name":"C. Kutscher","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C. Kutscher","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044180971","display_name":"Roger L. Davenport","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R. Davenport","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113899771","display_name":"Robert B. Farrington","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R. Farrington","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109415789","display_name":"Gary Jorgensen","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"G. Jorgensen","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111664941","display_name":"A. Lewandowski","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. Lewandowski","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048921464","display_name":"C. Vineyard","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C. Vineyard","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10905","display_name":"Solar Thermal and Photovoltaic Systems","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2105","display_name":"Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10905","display_name":"Solar Thermal and Photovoltaic Systems","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2105","display_name":"Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13298","display_name":"Solar Energy Systems and Technologies","score":0.0010000000474974513,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11945","display_name":"Heat Transfer Mechanisms","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/solar-space-heating","display_name":"solar space heating","score":0.7730000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domestic-hot-water","display_name":"domestic hot water","score":0.7860000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/residential-solar-systems","display_name":"residential solar systems","score":0.7609999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/siphon","display_name":"siphon","score":0.6980000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pumping-power-reduction","display_name":"pumping power reduction","score":0.8980000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/solar-collectors","display_name":"solar collectors","score":0.8180000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/absorbing-materials","display_name":"absorbing materials","score":0.7689999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/glazing-materials","display_name":"glazing materials","score":0.8640000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/payback-period","display_name":"payback period","score":0.6809999942779541}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144553756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15081665","display_name":"Payback period","level":3,"score":0.7767922878265381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779095084","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3679502","display_name":"Piping","level":2,"score":0.7491500973701477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53559285","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5567362","display_name":"Glazing","level":2,"score":0.7196024656295776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21339974","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178413","display_name":"Gallon (US)","level":2,"score":0.6824588179588318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.4907606542110443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.4334101974964142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206658404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12725","display_name":"Electricity","level":2,"score":0.420383483171463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778820799","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3454688","display_name":"Cost reduction","level":2,"score":0.41961079835891724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548081761","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180388","display_name":"Waste management","level":1,"score":0.37877321243286133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87717796","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q146326","display_name":"Environmental engineering","level":1,"score":0.3526005148887634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147176958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77590","display_name":"Civil engineering","level":1,"score":0.3448759913444519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21880701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2144042","display_name":"Process engineering","level":1,"score":0.33278095722198486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.21597084403038025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778348673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q739302","display_name":"Production (economics)","level":2,"score":0.12040039896965027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.09759974479675293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139719470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680","display_name":"Macroeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2172/6780903","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2172/6780903","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2172/6780903","pdf_url":"https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/6780903","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402487","display_name":"OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I139351228","host_organization_name":"Office of Scientific and Technical Information","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139351228"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL)","raw_type":"report"},{"id":"pmh:oai:osti.gov:6780903","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.osti.gov/biblio/6780903","pdf_url":"https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/6780903","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402487","display_name":"OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I139351228","host_organization_name":"Office of Scientific and Technical Information","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139351228"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.2172/6780903","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2172/6780903","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2172/6780903","pdf_url":"https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/6780903","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402487","display_name":"OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I139351228","host_organization_name":"Office of Scientific and Technical Information","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139351228"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL)","raw_type":"report"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.8485000133514404},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","display_name":"Climate action","score":0.5351999998092651}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337367","display_name":"Division of Materials Research","ror":"https://ror.org/01pc7k308"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W26265190.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W26265190.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W274838988","https://openalex.org/W7029539349","https://openalex.org/W7098765530","https://openalex.org/W7096279213","https://openalex.org/W4249401971","https://openalex.org/W2038541838","https://openalex.org/W123789932","https://openalex.org/W7217740986","https://openalex.org/W1513239045","https://openalex.org/W111274849"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"report":[1],"describes":[2],"research":[3],"done":[4],"in":[5],"FY":[6],"1982":[7],"at":[8],"the":[9,16,34,108,127,173],"Solar":[10],"Energy":[11],"Research":[12],"Institute":[13],"to":[14,90,146,161,166,176],"lower":[15],"installed":[17,128],"cost":[18,82,91,129,174],"of":[19,57,77,130,154],"residential":[20],"solar":[21],"space":[22],"heating":[23],"and":[24,46,53,67,80,137,189],"domestic":[25],"hot":[26],"water":[27],"systems.":[28],"After":[29],"surveying":[30],"candidate":[31],"system":[32,36],"designs,":[33],"drainback":[35,132],"was":[37,74,124],"chosen":[38],"for":[39,43,70,106,110],"further":[40],"analysis.":[41],"Criteria":[42],"filling,":[44],"draining,":[45],"establishing":[47],"a":[48,68,131,178],"siphon":[49],"were":[50,62,85,102,117],"determined":[51],"analytically":[52],"experimentally.":[54],"The":[55,112],"effects":[56],"different":[58],"heat":[59],"exchanger":[60],"locations":[61],"investigated":[63],"using":[64,134],"computer":[65],"simulations,":[66],"method":[69],"reducing":[71],"pumping":[72],"power":[73],"established.":[75],"Use":[76],"polybutylene":[78,135],"piping":[79,136],"low":[81],"storage":[83],"tanks":[84],"identified":[86,118],"as":[87,119],"major":[88],"contributors":[89],"reduction.":[92],"To":[93],"identify":[94],"low-cost":[95,140,156],"collector":[96,157],"concepts,":[97],"two":[98],"detailed":[99],"materials":[100],"surveys":[101],"conducted":[103],"-":[104],"one":[105],"absorbers,":[107],"other":[109],"glazings.":[111],"new":[113,155],"lightweight":[114],"laminated":[115],"polymers":[116],"promising":[120],"glazing":[121],"materials.":[122],"It":[123],"concluded":[125],"that":[126],"system,":[133],"currently":[138],"available":[139],"collectors":[141],"could":[142],"be":[143],"brought":[144],"down":[145,165],"about":[147],"$270/m/sup":[148],"2/":[149,168],"($25/ft/sup":[150],"2/).":[151],"Further":[152],"development":[153],"concepts":[158],"is":[159,172],"needed":[160],"bring":[162],"this":[163],"price":[164],"$150/m/sup":[167],"($14/ft/sup":[169],"2/),":[170],"which":[171],"required":[175],"supply":[177],"5-year":[179],"discounted":[180],"payback":[181],"period":[182],"vs.":[183],"electricity":[184],"(based":[185],"on":[186],"national":[187],"averages":[188],"assuming":[190],"no":[191],"tax":[192],"credits).":[193]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-08T12:12:28.789561","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}