{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2625728289","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01436597.2017.1333414","title":"Is global inequality getting better or worse? A critique of the World Bank\u2019s convergence narrative","display_name":"Is global inequality getting better or worse? A critique of the World Bank\u2019s convergence narrative","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-06-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2625728289","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01436597.2017.1333414","mag":"2625728289"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/01436597.2017.1333414","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01436597.2017.1333414","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01436597.2017.1333414","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S64122990","display_name":"Third World Quarterly","issn_l":"0143-6597","issn":["0143-6597","1360-2241"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Third World Quarterly","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084916024","display_name":"Jason Hickel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7490-9757","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7490-9757","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0600-7938"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I909854389","display_name":"London School of Economics and Political Science","ror":"https://ror.org/0090zs177","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I909854389"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jason Hickel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Anthropology, London School of Economics, London, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Anthropology, London School of Economics, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I909854389"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5084916024"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I909854389"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":29.2548,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":97,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99349724,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"38","issue":"10","first_page":"2208","last_page":"2222"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13000","display_name":"World Systems and Global Transformations","score":0.9574999809265137,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13000","display_name":"World Systems and Global Transformations","score":0.9574999809265137,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10446","display_name":"Income, Poverty, and Inequality","score":0.03920000046491623,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11742","display_name":"Economic Theory and Policy","score":0.002099999925121665,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2000","display_name":"General Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/global-income-inequality","display_name":"global income inequality","score":0.9440000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-bank","display_name":"World Bank","score":0.8379999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gini-coefficient","display_name":"Gini coefficient","score":0.8519999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/absolute-inequality","display_name":"absolute inequality","score":0.5609999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/china","display_name":"China","score":0.46299999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/center-periphery-relations","display_name":"center-periphery relations","score":0.609000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geopolitical-regions","display_name":"geopolitical regions","score":0.5329999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-system","display_name":"world-system","score":0.47099998593330383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/branko-milanovic","display_name":"Branko Milanovic","score":0.6299999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inequality-measurement","display_name":"inequality measurement","score":0.3790000081062317}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45555294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28113351","display_name":"Inequality","level":2,"score":0.7805275917053223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777303404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759757","display_name":"Convergence (economics)","level":2,"score":0.7718408107757568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779206190","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162455","display_name":"Gini coefficient","level":4,"score":0.7601792812347412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201960208","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159385","display_name":"Geopolitics","level":3,"score":0.6988736391067505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199033989","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1318295","display_name":"Narrative","level":2,"score":0.6864135265350342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207390915","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1230525","display_name":"Divergence (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5740736722946167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2119116","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7181","display_name":"Globalization","level":2,"score":0.500852108001709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.4935556650161743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C513380476","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5055020","display_name":"Economic inequality","level":3,"score":0.4761100709438324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47768531","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1127188","display_name":"Development economics","level":1,"score":0.4059695601463318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138921699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47555","display_name":"Political economy","level":1,"score":0.3510158061981201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.34168481826782227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.173887699842453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.1077757477760315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34447519","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179522","display_name":"Market economy","level":1,"score":0.08144694566726685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0643179714679718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/01436597.2017.1333414","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01436597.2017.1333414","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01436597.2017.1333414","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S64122990","display_name":"Third World Quarterly","issn_l":"0143-6597","issn":["0143-6597","1360-2241"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Third World Quarterly","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.gold.ac.uk:22006","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://research.gold.ac.uk/view/goldsmiths/Hickel=3AJason=3A=3A.html>.","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400496","display_name":"Goldsmiths (University of London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I166337079","host_organization_name":"Queen Mary University of London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I166337079"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Published Version","raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:taf:ctwqxx:v:38:y:2017:i:10:p:2208-2222","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01436597.2017.1333414","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.7578999996185303}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/1","display_name":"No poverty","score":0.7599999904632568}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320319993","display_name":"Leverhulme Trust","ror":"https://ror.org/012mzw131"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W7496328","https://openalex.org/W120036768","https://openalex.org/W291147710","https://openalex.org/W573390797","https://openalex.org/W608832092","https://openalex.org/W983089057","https://openalex.org/W1485482154","https://openalex.org/W1513797571","https://openalex.org/W1573197398","https://openalex.org/W1601372178","https://openalex.org/W1607503584","https://openalex.org/W1990867698","https://openalex.org/W1996879967","https://openalex.org/W2017802748","https://openalex.org/W2052952043","https://openalex.org/W2070631858","https://openalex.org/W2106622438","https://openalex.org/W2124726796","https://openalex.org/W2124869811","https://openalex.org/W2129514425","https://openalex.org/W2150406300","https://openalex.org/W2169888916","https://openalex.org/W2325444796","https://openalex.org/W2334528808","https://openalex.org/W2336527297","https://openalex.org/W2398560365","https://openalex.org/W2565078743","https://openalex.org/W2590859347","https://openalex.org/W2735740064","https://openalex.org/W2752384816","https://openalex.org/W2917228340","https://openalex.org/W4239627410","https://openalex.org/W4240428499","https://openalex.org/W4242419881","https://openalex.org/W4247209807","https://openalex.org/W4254268200","https://openalex.org/W4255426935","https://openalex.org/W4298361911","https://openalex.org/W4388179914","https://openalex.org/W6741195438"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7168338976","https://openalex.org/W2921081573","https://openalex.org/W2339646518","https://openalex.org/W6922622217","https://openalex.org/W2126739390","https://openalex.org/W2507284571","https://openalex.org/W2921960100","https://openalex.org/W4385465175","https://openalex.org/W7095922225","https://openalex.org/W3123513693"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"dominant":[1],"narrative":[2,42],"of":[3,9,48,96],"global":[4,24,103],"income":[5],"inequality":[6,34,104],"is":[7,57],"one":[8],"convergence.":[10],"Recent":[11],"high-profile":[12],"publications":[13],"by":[14,60,86],"Branko":[15],"Milanovic":[16],"and":[17,31,69,94],"the":[18,23,40,49,53,89,92,97],"World":[19],"Bank":[20],"claim":[21],"that":[22,32,55,81],"Gini":[25],"coefficient":[26],"has":[27,35,105],"declined":[28,36],"since":[29,37,107],"1988,":[30],"inter-country":[33],"1960.":[38,108],"But":[39],"convergence":[41,56],"relies":[43],"on":[44],"a":[45],"misleading":[46],"presentation":[47],"data.":[50],"It":[51],"obscures":[52],"fact":[54],"driven":[58],"mostly":[59],"China;":[61],"it":[62,70],"fails":[63],"to":[64],"acknowledge":[65],"rising":[66],"absolute":[67],"inequality;":[68],"ignores":[71],"divergence":[72],"between":[73,91],"geopolitical":[74],"regions.":[75],"This":[76],"paper":[77],"suggests":[78],"alternative":[79],"measures":[80],"bring":[82],"geopolitics":[83],"back":[84],"in":[85],"looking":[87],"at":[88],"gap":[90],"core":[93],"periphery":[95],"world":[98],"system.":[99],"From":[100],"this":[101],"perspective,":[102],"tripled":[106]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-10-24T09:50:30.924529","created_date":"2017-06-23T00:00:00"}
