{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2625356604","doi":null,"title":"Strategies for Strengthening the Technical Workforce: A Review of International Evidence","display_name":"Strategies for Strengthening the Technical Workforce: A Review of International Evidence","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2625356604","mag":"2625356604"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.upenn.edu:cpre_researchreports-1097","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://repository.upenn.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1097&context=cpre_researchreports","pdf_url":"https://repository.upenn.edu/cpre_researchreports/96","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402083","display_name":"ScholarlyCommons (University of Pennsylvania)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","host_organization_name":"University of Pennsylvania","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"CPRE Research Reports","raw_type":"text"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://repository.upenn.edu/cpre_researchreports/96","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043302715","display_name":"Katharine Conn","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Katharine Conn","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055946370","display_name":"Elizabeth H Park","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Elizabeth H Park","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004051885","display_name":"Wakasa Nagakura","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wakasa Nagakura","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054395375","display_name":"Sherihan Khalil","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sherihan Khalil","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066320568","display_name":"Thomas B. Corcoran","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thomas B. Corcoran","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13532","display_name":"Education Systems and Policy","score":0.98580002784729,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13532","display_name":"Education Systems and Policy","score":0.98580002784729,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14508","display_name":"Vocational Education and Training","score":0.005900000222027302,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13872","display_name":"Vocational and Entrepreneurial Education","score":0.00430000014603138,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/technical-workforce","display_name":"technical workforce","score":0.8659999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/skilled-labor-shortage","display_name":"skilled labor shortage","score":0.5630000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stem-workforce","display_name":"STEM workforce","score":0.6909999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/skills-mismatch","display_name":"skills mismatch","score":0.6299999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vocational-education","display_name":"vocational education","score":0.9350000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/technical-schools","display_name":"technical schools","score":0.5709999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/workforce-development-strategies","display_name":"workforce development strategies","score":0.5699999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/university-access","display_name":"university access","score":0.3179999887943268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/education-labor-market-alignment","display_name":"education-labor market alignment","score":0.5360000133514404}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778139618","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13440398","display_name":"Workforce","level":2,"score":0.5691874623298645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779968149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8034851","display_name":"Workforce development","level":3,"score":0.43036943674087524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.39825400710105896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.36358553171157837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145236788","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28161","display_name":"Labour economics","level":1,"score":0.3425874412059784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.3026287257671356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.2587810754776001}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.upenn.edu:cpre_researchreports-1097","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://repository.upenn.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1097&context=cpre_researchreports","pdf_url":"https://repository.upenn.edu/cpre_researchreports/96","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402083","display_name":"ScholarlyCommons (University of Pennsylvania)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","host_organization_name":"University of Pennsylvania","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"CPRE Research Reports","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"mag:2625356604","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://repository.upenn.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1097&context=cpre_researchreports","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.upenn.edu:cpre_researchreports-1097","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://repository.upenn.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1097&context=cpre_researchreports","pdf_url":"https://repository.upenn.edu/cpre_researchreports/96","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402083","display_name":"ScholarlyCommons (University of Pennsylvania)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","host_organization_name":"University of Pennsylvania","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"CPRE Research Reports","raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9235000014305115,"display_name":"Quality education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"},{"score":0.833299994468689,"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8"},{"score":0.4000000059604645,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2625356604.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2625356604.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W138833110","https://openalex.org/W1583284170","https://openalex.org/W1606021675","https://openalex.org/W2040467007","https://openalex.org/W2051225333","https://openalex.org/W2051736478","https://openalex.org/W2060090879","https://openalex.org/W2073365639","https://openalex.org/W2089839187","https://openalex.org/W2109994452","https://openalex.org/W2165958052","https://openalex.org/W2465857463","https://openalex.org/W2484180914","https://openalex.org/W2600691711"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7033308453","https://openalex.org/W7126360306","https://openalex.org/W7216808923","https://openalex.org/W1715678481","https://openalex.org/W120519729","https://openalex.org/W2886681652","https://openalex.org/W2360288350","https://openalex.org/W3002773790","https://openalex.org/W4388385286","https://openalex.org/W2980448574"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Numerous":[0],"countries":[1],"suffer":[2],"from":[3,34],"a":[4,23,53,63,134],"shortage":[5],"of":[6,30,44,116,148,166],"technicians":[7],"and":[8,19,28,41,50,58,61,95,111,159,181],"skilled":[9],"workers,":[10],"particularly":[11],"in":[12,70,73,98,121],"the":[13,26,31,37,42,45,85,89,101,109,142,146,164,167,173],"STEM":[14],"fields":[15],"(science,":[16],"technology,":[17],"engineering,":[18],"mathematics),":[20],"due":[21],"to":[22,75,78,81,140,161],"mismatch":[24],"between":[25],"skills":[27,90],"interests":[29],"students":[32,51,66],"graduating":[33],"or":[35],"leaving":[36],"current":[38],"education":[39,69],"system":[40,104],"needs":[43],"labor":[46],"market.":[47],"Often,":[48],"parents":[49],"place":[52],"high":[54],"priority":[55],"on":[56,114],"entering":[57,84],"completing":[59],"university,":[60,79],"as":[62,133,170,172],"consequence,":[64],"many":[65],"pursue":[67],"academic":[68],"secondary":[71],"schools":[72],"order":[74],"gain":[76],"entrance":[77],"only":[80],"find":[82],"themselves":[83],"job":[86],"market":[87],"lacking":[88],"they":[91],"need":[92],"for":[93,118,128],"employment":[94],"advancement.":[96],"Further,":[97],"some":[99],"countries,":[100],"vocational":[102],"school":[103],"is":[105],"not":[106],"well-respected":[107],"by":[108,152],"public":[110],"focuses":[112],"heavily":[113],"preparation":[115],"youth":[117],"specific":[119],"jobs":[120],"one":[122],"firm":[123],"rather":[124],"than":[125],"preparing":[126],"them":[127],"careers":[129],"within":[130],"an":[131],"industry":[132],"whole.":[135],"This":[136],"literature":[137],"review":[138],"aims":[139],"synthesize":[141],"research":[143],"evidence":[144],"about":[145],"effectiveness":[147],"various":[149],"strategies":[150],"used":[151],"national":[153],"governments,":[154],"non-governmental":[155],"organizations,":[156],"technical":[157,168,182],"schools,":[158],"industries":[160],"strengthen":[162],"both":[163],"quality":[165],"workforce,":[169],"well":[171],"avenues":[174],"through":[175],"which":[176],"individuals":[177],"can":[178],"access":[179],"career":[180],"programming.":[183]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-01T08:54:57.152042","created_date":"2017-06-23T00:00:00"}