{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2625319375","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/sjoe.12254","title":"Environmental Policy and the Direction of Technical Change","display_name":"Environmental Policy and the Direction of Technical Change","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-06-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2625319375","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/sjoe.12254","mag":"2625319375"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1111/sjoe.12254","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/sjoe.12254","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/sjoe.12254","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S165253824","display_name":"Scandinavian Journal of Economics","issn_l":"0347-0520","issn":["0347-0520","1467-9442"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Scandinavian Journal of Economics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://nmbu.brage.unit.no/nmbu-xmlui/bitstream/11250/2496213/4/Environmental%20Policy%20and%20the%20Direction%20of%20Technical%20Change.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003234774","display_name":"Mads Greaker","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5304-7158","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5304-7158"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1321605679","display_name":"Statistics Norway","ror":"https://ror.org/02e50va28","country_code":"NO","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1321605679"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184531372","display_name":"OsloMet \u2013 Oslo Metropolitan University","ror":"https://ror.org/04q12yn84","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184531372"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mads Greaker","raw_affiliation_strings":["Statistics Norway, NO-0033 Oslo, Norway","Also affiliated with Oslo Metropolitan University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Statistics Norway, NO-0033 Oslo, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1321605679"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Also affiliated with Oslo Metropolitan University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184531372"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054066254","display_name":"Tom\u2010Reiel Heggedal","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181046868","display_name":"BI Norwegian Business School","ror":"https://ror.org/03ez40v33","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181046868"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tom\u2010Reiel Heggedal","raw_affiliation_strings":["BI Norwegian Business School, NO-0442 Oslo, Norway"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"BI Norwegian Business School, NO-0442 Oslo, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181046868"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004725758","display_name":"Knut Einar Rosendahl","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8066-6261","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8066-6261"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I54108979","display_name":"Norwegian University of Life Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04a1mvv97","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I54108979"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Knut Einar Rosendahl","raw_affiliation_strings":["Norwegian University of Life Sciences NO\u20101432 \u00c5s Norway"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Norwegian University of Life Sciences NO\u20101432 \u00c5s Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I54108979"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5004725758"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I54108979"],"apc_list":{"value":3470,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3470},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":8.8446,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":76,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97400638,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"120","issue":"4","first_page":"1100","last_page":"1138"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10471","display_name":"Climate Change Policy and Economics","score":0.9887999892234802,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10471","display_name":"Climate Change Policy and Economics","score":0.9887999892234802,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10438","display_name":"Energy, Environment, Economic Growth","score":0.003100000089034438,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10880","display_name":"Environmental Sustainability in Business","score":0.0019000000320374966,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1406","display_name":"Marketing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/directed-technological-change","display_name":"directed technological change","score":0.8709999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-policy","display_name":"environmental policy","score":0.8870000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/green-technology","display_name":"environmental technology","score":0.75},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/research-and-development-policy","display_name":"R&D policy","score":0.5460000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/carbon-pricing","display_name":"carbon pricing","score":0.8029999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/carbon-tax","display_name":"carbon tax","score":0.8080000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/productivity-spillovers","display_name":"productivity spillovers","score":0.9380000233650208}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780520809","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1099456","display_name":"Clean technology","level":2,"score":0.8313620686531067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204983608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2111958","display_name":"Productivity","level":2,"score":0.7037839293479919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2988459927","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1962383","display_name":"Clean energy","level":2,"score":0.5305966138839722},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777098202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7692324","display_name":"Technical change","level":3,"score":0.45785602927207947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.4311806559562683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.41754353046417236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175605778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3299701","display_name":"Natural resource economics","level":1,"score":0.40824130177497864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1411783","display_name":"Industrial organization","level":1,"score":0.392365038394928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134560507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q753291","display_name":"Environmental economics","level":1,"score":0.3598119616508484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.23120510578155518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.20034337043762207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1111/sjoe.12254","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/sjoe.12254","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/sjoe.12254","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S165253824","display_name":"Scandinavian Journal of Economics","issn_l":"0347-0520","issn":["0347-0520","1467-9442"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Scandinavian Journal of Economics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:nmbu.brage.unit.no:11250/2496213","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11250/2496213","pdf_url":"https://nmbu.brage.unit.no/nmbu-xmlui/bitstream/11250/2496213/4/Environmental%20Policy%20and%20the%20Direction%20of%20Technical%20Change.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407064446","display_name":"NORA - Norwegian Open Research Archives","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"44","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"mag:3124112397","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://ideas.repec.org/p/hhs/nlsseb/2017_009.html","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:biopen.bi.no:11250/2566820","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11250/2566820","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407064446","display_name":"NORA - Norwegian Open Research Archives","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"1100-1138","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:nmbu.brage.unit.no:11250/2496213","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11250/2496213","pdf_url":"https://nmbu.brage.unit.no/nmbu-xmlui/bitstream/11250/2496213/4/Environmental%20Policy%20and%20the%20Direction%20of%20Technical%20Change.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407064446","display_name":"NORA - Norwegian Open Research Archives","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"44","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9786999821662903,"display_name":"Climate action","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13"},{"score":0.6773999929428101,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323299","display_name":"Norges Forskningsr\u00e5d","ror":"https://ror.org/00epmv149"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324118","display_name":"European Association of Environmental and Resource Economists","ror":"https://ror.org/02jdjf497"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2625319375.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2625319375.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1608013130","https://openalex.org/W1989393566","https://openalex.org/W1996399075","https://openalex.org/W2048401860","https://openalex.org/W2050050100","https://openalex.org/W2056651849","https://openalex.org/W2079300606","https://openalex.org/W2095586509","https://openalex.org/W2104483469","https://openalex.org/W2118941276","https://openalex.org/W2120665403","https://openalex.org/W2128846935","https://openalex.org/W2129385606","https://openalex.org/W2140234065","https://openalex.org/W2153769419","https://openalex.org/W2156165246","https://openalex.org/W2159320005","https://openalex.org/W2161681128","https://openalex.org/W2162484441","https://openalex.org/W2167167417","https://openalex.org/W2172094157","https://openalex.org/W2795507883","https://openalex.org/W3021385783","https://openalex.org/W3021625863","https://openalex.org/W3121773205","https://openalex.org/W3123390744","https://openalex.org/W3124160225","https://openalex.org/W3125494738","https://openalex.org/W3125788478","https://openalex.org/W4229780841","https://openalex.org/W4230992617"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7057635292","https://openalex.org/W4237683360","https://openalex.org/W3125788478","https://openalex.org/W7099041363","https://openalex.org/W625791011","https://openalex.org/W1536727357","https://openalex.org/W2488719092","https://openalex.org/W2587922293","https://openalex.org/W1607257167","https://openalex.org/W3124686850"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Should":[1],"governments":[2,64],"direct":[3],"research":[4],"and":[5,41,50,96,109],"development":[6],"(R&D)":[7],"away":[8],"from":[9],"\u201cdirty\u201d":[10],"technologies":[11],"towards":[12,78],"\u201cclean\u201d":[13],"ones?":[14],"How":[15],"important":[16],"is":[17,115],"this":[18],"compared":[19],"to":[20,34,48,55],"carbon":[21,53],"pricing?":[22],"We":[23,44],"address":[24],"these":[25],"questions":[26],"with":[27,70,90],"the":[28,35,42,83,97,104,107],"introduction":[29],"of":[30,99,112],"two":[31],"model":[32],"features":[33],"literature":[36],"on":[37],"directed":[38],"technological":[39],"change":[40],"environment.":[43],"introduce":[45],"decreasing":[46],"returns":[47],"R&D,":[49],"allow":[51],"future":[52,100],"taxes":[54],"influence":[56],"current":[57],"R&D":[58,76],"decisions.":[59],"Our":[60],"results":[61],"suggest":[62],"that":[63],"should":[65],"prioritize":[66],"clean":[67,79,91,118],"R&D.":[68],"Dealing":[69],"major":[71],"environmental":[72],"problems":[73],"requires":[74],"an":[75,113],"shift":[77],"technology.":[80],"However,":[81],"in":[82],"case":[84],"where":[85],"most":[86],"researchers":[87],"are":[88],"working":[89],"technology,":[92],"both":[93],"productivity":[94],"spillovers":[95],"risks":[98],"replacement":[101],"increase.":[102],"Consequently,":[103],"gap":[105],"between":[106],"private":[108],"social":[110],"values":[111],"innovation":[114],"greatest":[116],"for":[117],"technologies.":[119]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-30T12:39:25.321706","created_date":"2017-06-23T00:00:00"}