{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2622586243","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iembs.2004.1404155","title":"\"Safe\" charge-injection waveforms for iridium oxide (AIROF) microelectrodes","display_name":"\"Safe\" charge-injection waveforms for iridium oxide (AIROF) microelectrodes","publication_year":2005,"publication_date":"2005-04-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2622586243","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iembs.2004.1404155","mag":"2622586243","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17271213"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/iembs.2004.1404155","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iembs.2004.1404155","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iembs.2004.1404155","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608786","display_name":"Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC)","issn_l":"2375-7477","issn":["2375-7477"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The 26th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"volume":null,"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060528626","display_name":"Philip R. Troyk","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6219-175X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6219-175X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180949307","display_name":"Illinois Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/037t3ry66","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180949307"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"P.R. Troyk","raw_affiliation_strings":["Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180949307"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021958728","display_name":"D.E. Detlefsen","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180949307","display_name":"Illinois Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/037t3ry66","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180949307"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"D.E. Detlefsen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180949307"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051829003","display_name":"Stuart F. Cogan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6316-3032","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6316-3032"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128144","display_name":"EIC Laboratories","ror":"https://ror.org/02hsq0e05","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210128144"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S.F. Cogan","raw_affiliation_strings":["EIC Laboratories, Inc., Norwood, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"EIC Laboratories, Inc., Norwood, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210128144"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041158486","display_name":"Julia Ehrlich","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128144","display_name":"EIC Laboratories","ror":"https://ror.org/02hsq0e05","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210128144"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. Ehrlich","raw_affiliation_strings":["EIC Laboratories, Inc., Norwood, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"EIC Laboratories, Inc., Norwood, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210128144"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108382768","display_name":"M. Bak","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1299022934","display_name":"United States Department of Health and Human Services","ror":"https://ror.org/033jnv181","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. Bak","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratory of Neural Control, National Institutes of Health DHHS, Bethesda, MD, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory of Neural Control, National Institutes of Health DHHS, Bethesda, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027878093","display_name":"Douglas B. McCreery","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2901-1187","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2901-1187"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I129567078","display_name":"Huntington Medical Research Institutes","ror":"https://ror.org/05p1phv38","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129567078"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"D.B. McCreery","raw_affiliation_strings":["Huntington Medical Research Institute, Pasadena, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Huntington Medical Research Institute, Pasadena, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129567078"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052386467","display_name":"Leo A. Bullara","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I129567078","display_name":"Huntington Medical Research Institutes","ror":"https://ror.org/05p1phv38","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129567078"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"L. Bullara","raw_affiliation_strings":["Huntington Medical Research Institute, Pasadena, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Huntington Medical Research Institute, Pasadena, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129567078"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061056170","display_name":"Eric J. Schmidt","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7441-9806","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7441-9806"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"E. Schmidt","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":14.9374,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":44,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99552573,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"4","issue":null,"first_page":"4141","last_page":"4144"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11601","display_name":"Neuroscience and Neural Engineering","score":0.9750999808311462,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11601","display_name":"Neuroscience and Neural Engineering","score":0.9750999808311462,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10323","display_name":"Analog and Mixed-Signal Circuit Design","score":0.017000000923871994,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11434","display_name":"Electrochemical Analysis and Applications","score":0.0020000000949949026,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1603","display_name":"Electrochemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/charge-injection","display_name":"charge injection","score":0.765999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anodic-bias","display_name":"anodic bias","score":0.8669999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/water-electrolysis","display_name":"water electrolysis","score":0.6549999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/implantable-electrodes","display_name":"implanted electrodes","score":0.5619999766349792}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89395315","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181232","display_name":"Anode","level":3,"score":0.6831055879592896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.6787762641906738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111670793","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16979465","display_name":"Microelectrode","level":3,"score":0.6780659556388855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17525397","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176140","display_name":"Electrode","level":2,"score":0.6496873497962952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.5748567581176758},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.5426393747329712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197424946","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1165717","display_name":"Waveform","level":3,"score":0.52585369348526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163127949","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q64403","display_name":"Electrolysis","level":4,"score":0.43051978945732117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.3533462882041931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.22056305408477783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.07303780317306519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147789679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11372","display_name":"Physical chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68801617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162908","display_name":"Electrolyte","level":3,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/iembs.2004.1404155","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iembs.2004.1404155","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iembs.2004.1404155","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608786","display_name":"Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC)","issn_l":"2375-7477","issn":["2375-7477"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The 26th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmid:17271213","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17271213","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Conference proceedings : ... Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual Conference","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":7,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1977251298","https://openalex.org/W2068373474","https://openalex.org/W2094425649","https://openalex.org/W2099393975","https://openalex.org/W2103865918","https://openalex.org/W2110482133","https://openalex.org/W2155075364"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2155075364","https://openalex.org/W2538631657","https://openalex.org/W2159277823","https://openalex.org/W2132906099","https://openalex.org/W3171646385","https://openalex.org/W2022450504","https://openalex.org/W1977251298","https://openalex.org/W2087726124","https://openalex.org/W2031272609","https://openalex.org/W2166816592"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Use":[0],"of":[1,8,42,56,65,75,100],"anodic":[2,21,43,84],"bias":[3,44,85],"improves":[4],"the":[5,18,48,53,57,60,72,80,89,98,101],"charge-injection":[6,50],"limits":[7,96],"activated":[9],"iridium":[10],"oxide":[11],"(AIROF)":[12],"microelectrodes.":[13],"Asymmetric":[14],"waveforms,":[15],"in":[16,115],"which":[17,63],"charge":[19],"balancing":[20],"phase":[22],"is":[23,68],"delivered":[24],"at":[25,62,82],"a":[26],"lower":[27],"current":[28,119],"density":[29],"and":[30],"longer":[31],"pulse":[32],"width,":[33],"has":[34],"been":[35],"found":[36],"to":[37,70],"allow":[38],"for":[39],"higher":[40],"values":[41],"voltages,":[45],"thus":[46],"maximizing":[47],"AIROF":[49,58],"capacity.":[51],"Limiting":[52],"voltage":[54,91],"excursion":[55],"below":[59],"value":[61],"electrolysis":[64],"water":[66],"occurs":[67],"essential":[69],"maintaining":[71,79],"long-term":[73],"viability":[74],"implanted":[76],"electrodes.":[77],"However,":[78],"electrodes":[81],"an":[83],"state":[86],"while":[87],"keeping":[88],"electrode":[90],"within":[92],"these":[93],"electrochemically":[94],"\"safe\"":[95],"complicates":[97],"topology":[99],"electronic":[102],"driver":[103,109],"circuitry.":[104],"We":[105],"present":[106],"two":[107],"possible":[108],"topologies":[110],"that":[111],"use":[112],"compliance-voltage":[113],"limitation":[114],"combination":[116],"with":[117],"cathodic":[118],"modification.":[120]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-26T11:51:55.731654","created_date":"2017-06-15T00:00:00"}